Journal of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Research
Journal of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Research is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Research. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of Research, Review, Case Reports, Analysis, Magazines, Editorials, Opinion, Communications, Mini-Review, Short Communications, Picturized, Book Review, Video Type and Power Point Presentations (PPTS). Articles can be submitted through online from https://www.onlinescientificresearch.com/submit-online or can send through an e-mail with attachment for biotechnology@onlinescientificresearch.info
Effects of Novel Futa Multipurpose Sweet Sorghum on Basic Haematology, Blood Biochemistry and Genomic Expression of AfricanCatfish (Clarias gariepinus)
This study evaluated the effects of substituting maize with the Federal University of Technology Akure multipurpose sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. The Novel Federal University of Technology Akure Multipurpose Sweet Sorghum was obtained from the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest, FUTA Ondo State, Nigeria. A total of five experimental diets were formulated, with sweet sorghum replacing maize at varying levels, alongside an initial baseline group. The feeding trial lasted 56 days, with three replicates per treatment, water quality, haematology, blood biochemistry, whole-body proximate composition, and genomic expression were assessed. Results showed that water parameters remained within the optimal range for catfish culture, indicating no adverse environmental impact of sweet sorghum inclusion. Hematological and biochemical indices, including PCV, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, and globulin, varied significantly (p < 0.05) among treatments. Fish fed sweet sorghum-based diets exhibited enhanced blood health markers compared to the control. Additionally, genomic expression analysis suggested a positive influence of sweet sorghum on physiological and immune-related gene regulation. Overall, substituting maize with sweet sorghum in catfish diets improved fish health, growth, and sustainability, while reducing reliance on conventional feedstuffs. Sweet sorghum can therefore serve as a viable, locally available, and cost-effective.
Sweet Sorghum, Energy, Health, Aquafeed and Genomic
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Research
Functional and Pasting Properties of Different Rice Varieties from Ebonyi State Nigeria
This study was targeted at carrying out a critical comparison of selected varieties of rice obtained from Ebonyi State Nigeria with a view to determining their functional and pasting properties and as well advises both farmers and consumers accordingly. The aim of the research was to determine the functional and pasting properties of selected rice varieties. The paddy rice was processed before determining both functional and pasting properties. Findings from this work indicate that Peak viscosity ranged from 128.50 to 245.50 RVU, with IWA 3 exhibiting the highest value. Breakdown viscosity (22.08-106.75 RVU), trough viscosity (85.08-159.25 RVU), and final viscosity (145.25-294.33 RVU) varied significantly (p<0.05) among varieties. Pasting temperature (82.35-85.65°C) and peak time (5.45-5.96 min) showed minimal variation. Bulk density (4.30-4.60 g/cm³), water absorption capacity (8.20-8.90 g/ml), and gelatinization temperature (70.30-70.90°C) were statistically similar (p>0.05) among varieties. Particle size ranged from 0.72 to 0.87 g/g, with no significant differences. These findings suggest varying processing suitability among the rice varieties. IWA 3 stands out as a top-performing variety, exhibiting highest peak viscosity, highest breakdown viscosity, highest final viscosity and high trough viscosity
Onyekachukwu Obumneme Enyi Onyekachukwu Obumneme Enyi
Theophilus Chikodi Odom Theophilus Chikodi Odom
Retinal Dopaminergic Activation and Oxidative Stress Reduction Induced by Green Landscape Exposure: Evidence from a Controlled Myopia Study
Background: Exposure to natural green environments has been associated with various physiological and psychological benefits, including potential improvements in visual acuity. This study investigates the molecular and visual effects of daily exposure to green landscapes among individuals with myopia in Parepare, Indonesia. Methods: A total of 250 participants with clinically diagnosed mild to moderate myopia were enrolled from January to December 2024. Participants underwent daily 2-hour exposure to green rice fields and were evaluated biweekly using standardized Snellen chart assessments over a 10-week period. Changes in visual acuity were tracked and statistically analyzed. Ethical clearance was obtained (EC/66891/01/2024). Results: Visual acuity improved significantly across the 10-week period. Biweekly assessments demonstrated a consistent improvement in uncorrected distance visual acuity, with a mean improvement of 0.2 logMAR by week 10. Molecularly, retinal tissue response to the green wavelength (495–570 nm) suggests reduced oxidative stress and increased dopamine activity, contributing to visual clarity. Conclusion: Daily exposure to natural green scenery can lead to measurable improvements in visual acuity, potentially via both ocular relaxation and molecular pathways involving dopamine signaling and oxidative stress reduction.
Advances in Blood-Brain Barrier-on-a-Chip Models for Neurological Research and Therapeutics
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selectively permeable gate between the brain and the central nervous system. It is essential in preserving brain function,as it protects the brain from harmful substances while permitting necessary nutrients. Traditional in vitro and in vivo models have provided fundamental insights into BBB physiology and pathology, yet they often fall short in mimicking the dynamic, multicellular, and mechanical microenvironment of the human BBB. The development of blood-brain barrier-on-a-chip (BBB-oC) platforms represents a significant degree of progress within biomedical engineering and neurobiology, leading to more physiologically relevant modeling of the neurovascular unit. These microfluidic systems utilize human derived endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, and shear flow to simulate the BBB’s structure and function with unprecedented fidelity. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of recent developments in BBB-on-a-chip (BBB-oC) technologies, focusing on novel developments in microfluidic design, materials, cellular integration, and real-time monitoring techniques. Special significance is placed on the use of these platforms to model neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, which is characterized by early and progressive BBB dysfunction. BBB-oC systems offer encouraging new avenues for drug screening, mechanistic studies, and personalized medicine applications. Current limitations, such as scalability,cost, and integration with systemic circulation models are addressed, and emerging solutions driven by artificial intelligence, organoid fusion, and high throughput screening technologies are discussed. By bridging neuroscience, engineering, and disease modeling, BBB-oC platforms represent a powerful tool for translational research and precision therapeutics. This study consolidates key findings, identifies knowledge gaps, and outlines directions for future development in the field.
brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs)
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Research
Flapless Approach and Digital Workflow in the Implant-Prosthetic Rehabilitation of the Maxillary Arch Using Electrowelded One-Piece Implants and a Two-Stage Implant in the Tuber Region: 6-Year Clinical Follow-Up
Implant rehabilitation of the maxillary arch represents a clinical challenge due to the poor quality of maxillary bone and its anatomical complexity. This article describes a clinical case of full-arch maxillary rehabilitation performed flaplessly using a combination of grade 3 titanium one-piece implants, bent and stabilized through intraoral electrowelding, along with a posterior two-stage implant placed in the tuberosity region. The 6-year clinical and radiographic follow-up demonstrated implant stability, absence of biological complications, and satisfactory prosthetic function.
Sandalwood Sustainable Harvesting Methods
Sandalwood oil is one of the most valuable essential oils globally,extracted primarily from trees of the genus Santalum (Indian sandalwood, Santalum album) and Osyris (African sandalwood,Osyris lanceolata). The oil is highly sought after in the fragrance, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its unique woody aroma and numerous therapeutic properties. The global sandalwood oil market was valued at approximately $150 million in 2022 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10.5% from 2023 to 2030. Sandalwood oil is composed mainly of sesquiterpenes, with α-santalol (41–55%) and β-santalol (16–24%) being the key components responsible for its fragrance and medicinal benefits.Traditionally, sandalwood oil has been used in Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and aromatherapy for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic,and sedative properties. Due to increasing demand, commercial production of sandalwood oil has expanded beyond its native regions, leading to conservation concerns as wild populations continue to decline.
Science, Technology and Innovation in Latin America, the Caribbean and Ibero-America in 2024
This document presents the main economic and context indicators on Science, Technology and Innovation in Latin America, the Caribbean and IberoAmerica through 2024, taken mainly from RICYT, The World Bank, and The World Economic Forum. Brief concepts on the Knowledge Society and statistical data on Science and Innovation from the World Intellectual Property Organization “Global Innovation Tracker 2024” are added. The ten-year ScTi investment, the yearly drug launches by therapeutic area, the human resources dedicated to ScTi and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in IberoAmerica and Latin America and the Caribbean -LAC- are analyzed in detail.
A Multiple Increase in the Content of Some Chemical Elements in Breast Tissue After its Malignant Transformation. Original Data andMini Review
The etiology of breast cancer remains largely unclear, although it is known that disturbances of somatic elemental homeostasis play a certain role in oncogenesis. This study aimed to identify changes in the content of chemical elements during malignant transformation of breast tissue. For this purpose,an effective method of small samples (mass from 10 mg) analysis by means of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was developed. With the help of the developed technique, the samples of cancerous (n=43) and normal (n=38) breast tissues were studied. Differences in the content of chemical elements were analyzed using Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test. In patients with breast cancer the mean mass fractions of Al,Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Sr, Ti, and Zn in malignant breast tissue were (mg kg-1 dry tissue) 8.88, 0.42, 650, 3.90, 123, 4347, 302, 0.47, 6262,3867, 4599, 10.2, 1.37, 4.55, and 34.2, respectively, and were 2.45, >4.2, 8.37, 3.79, 8.91, 22.4, 16.3, >2.35, 9.13, 19.2, 11.9, 1.17, 2.74, >4.55, and 10.4 times higher than in healthy gland tissue. All differences identified were statistically significant except for Si. The phenomenon of the multiple increase in the Al,Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, Ti. and Zn contents in the malignant breast tumors requires further detailed study.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Engler-Brout-Higgs Information Floor and the Human Brain
The article examines the collapse of the wave function of photons and other elementary particles and the dependence of these processes on the superluminal Engler-Brout-Higgs information field, born in the observer’s cerebral cortex. The directed radiation generated by the observer leads to fluctuations in the quantum vacuum, which can cause the collapse of the wave function.
Subquantum Signals of “Strange” Radiation
Microneedle Technology: An Overview Focusing on its Types, Drug and Hormonal Delivery System in Animals
Microneedle technology has garnered significant attention in the biomedical field as a minimally invasive drug delivery system emphasized by exponential increase in the rate of academic publications in this era. Its application in veterinary medicine is emerging as a promising tool, particularly in the delivery of drugs and hormones such as progesterone, insulin, Human growth hormone etc. This review explores different types of microneedles and their use in drug and hormonal delivery systems for animals. Also, the mechanisms, benefits, challenges, and future prospects of using microneedles for drug and hormonal administration in veterinary applications has been discussed briefly. A bird eye view on all these aspects strongly aided our scientists and technocrats to tackle the obstacles in drug and hormonal delivery system more wisely, precisely and efficiently.
A Study on Temperature Variations, PH Changes, and Biochemical Characterization of Bacteria in Cow Dung Substrates for Biogas Production
This study aims to explore the potential of cow dung as a substrate for biogas production, focusing on the impact of temperature, pH variations on biogas yield and the identification of key bacteria involved in the biogas production. Biogas production was generated using the downward displacement method of water. Temperature readings were taken daily and pH of the cow dung substrate was measured before and after the digestion. Bacteria involved in biogas production were isolated and identified using Gram staining. The results showed that biogas production was significantly higher in weeks 3 and 4, with yields of (2360.00±183.60mL) and (3223.00±1377.00mL) at temperatures of 34.0±1.0°C and 36.5±1.5°C, respectively with no significant difference.However, the biogas yield in weeks 1 and 7, were (130.00±34.64 mL) and (70.00±20.00 mL) at temperatures of 26.5±1.0°C and 26.2±1.5°C, respectively,was significantly lower at(p < 0.05) compared to weeks 3 and 4 (Table 1). The pH decreased slightly from 7.827±0.093 before digestion to 7.227±0.04 after digestion, but this change was not statistically significant. Gram staining identified Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus as the primary bacteria involved in the biogas production process. In conclusion, the study showed that temperature significantly influences biogas production from cow dung, with optimal yields observed at higher temperatures and the presence of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, contributes to the efficiency of the biogas production process. Further research should focus on optimizing temperature control during anaerobic digestion and exploring co-digestion with other substrates.
Efficacy of Combined Therapy Compared to Conventional Therapy in the Treatment of Injuries Secondary to Chronic Osteomyelitis
The treatment, using the electric stimulation, with the use of Stimul W®, in different types of dermal lesions, including those of difficult scaring and the satisfactory results reached with this application, they allowed to investigate about their effectiveness in new pathologies, different to the treated etiology or that they can have certain relationship with them. A Case Study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of this treatment in lesions secondary to Chronic Osteomyelitis and the positive results achieved led to the subsequent implementation of a Clinical Study to confirm the effectiveness achieved with this treatment and compare the experimental results with those obtained with the use of conventional treatments. The results and conclusions of this Clinical Study are shown in this work.
Juan Enrique Suen Díaz Juan Enrique Suen Díaz
Evaluation of Nutritional Status and Testosterone of Smokers
Smoking is a global public health problem associated with excessive morbidity and mortality. We designed this study to estimate the nutritional status and testosterone levels among smokers in Ekpoma, Edo State. We recruited 100 smokers after obtaining informed consent and also included 50 seemingly healthy non-smokers as a control group. The study recruited both male and female subjects who had been smoking at least one stick of cigarettes per day for the past six months. We collected five milliliters (5 ml) of blood from the antecubital vein of both smokers and non-smokers and then transferred it into sterile, anticoagulant-free sample containers (plain tubes). We performed the determination of total protein, albumin, globulin, total cholesterol and testosterone using standard laboratory procedures. The results showed that total protein levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in smokers (7.02 ± 0.87 g/dl) when compared with the control (6.43 ± 1.06 mg/dl). Albumin levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in smokers (3.70 ± 0.71 g/dl) when compared with the control (3.32 ± 0.78 g/dl). Globulin levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in smokers (3.32 ± 0.78 g/dl) when compared with the control (3.11 ± 0.92 g/dl). On the contrary, total cholesterol levels were not significantly different (p > 0.05) in smokers (176.10 ± 45.04 mg/dl) when compared with the control (184.94 ± 46.39 mg/dl). Testosterone levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in smokers (4.49 ± 1.55 ng/ml) when compared with the control (3.44 ±1.25 ng/ml). These results showed that smoking affected the nutritional parameters and testosterone. This could be attributed to increased synthesis by the liver.Additionally, smokers showed an increase in serum testosterone, suggesting a potential compromise in its function.
Community Service: Healthy Village for the Prevention of Non- Communicable Diseases in Galung Maluang Village, Bacukiki District, Parepare City, South Sulawesi in 2024
Community service activities are part of the Tridharma of higher education which is carried out in the community as part of the application of further research activities. The increase in non-communicable diseases in all areas in Indonesia is due to lifestyle changes that are instantaneous. The method carried out in this activity is by lectures, simulations, and discussions related to non-communicable diseases. In the implementation of the activity, there are so many questions. After conducting counseling activities and discussions, the level of their understanding related to knowledge and prevention of noncommunicable diseases is around above 90% very understanding. The next follow-up plan is blood tests related to diseases or health problems experienced by teachers and students.
Comparative Study of Lipid Profile and ABO Blood Grouping
The relationship between ABO blood groups and lipid profiles is gaining attention due to its potential implications for understanding cardiovascular disease risk and metabolic health. This study is aimed at assessing the relationship between the lipid profile of apparently healthy individuals with different ABO blood groups. The subjects used in this project were apparently healthy individuals of different ABO blood groups from Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma,Edo State. We recruited a total of one hundred and sixty (160) subjects for this study, including thirty (30) from blood groups A, B, AB, and O. The results obtained show that the level of total cholesterol was higher in blood groups A (85.13±20.58 mg/dl) and B (89.08±17.19 mg/dl) compared to blood groups AB (81.00±11.65 mg/dl) and O (83.80±15.87 mg/dl). This increase was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The level of triglyceride was higher in blood groups A (171.40±20.37) and B (170.40±18.36 mg/dl) compared to blood groups AB (169.90±15.80 mg/dl) and O (166.70±14.89 mg/dl). Also, the level of HDL was higher in blood group A (50.23±5.36 mg/dl) and B (51.60±5.17 mg/dl) compared to blood group AB (48.55±5.56 mg/dl) and O (49.88±5.55 mg/dl). Furthermore, levels of LDL were higher in blood groups A (104.35±16.91 mg/dl) and AB (105.80±13.88 mg/dl) compared to blood groups B (101.30±15.62 mg/dl) and O (100.33±12.54 mg/dl). From the results obtained in this study, it is evident that there was no significant difference in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL within the different ABO blood group systems. Therefore, it could be concluded that lipid profile remained unaltered in blood groups A, B, AB, and O.
Metformin in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease
Background: Atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD) may be the main causes of aging and death in human being. Methods: All patients with Sickle Cell Diseases (SCD) were included. Results: We studied 222 males and 212 females with similar mean ages (30.8 vs 30.3 years, p>0.05, respectively). Smoking (23.8% vs 6.1%, p<0.001), alcohol (4.9% vs 0.4%, p<0.001), transfused red blood cells (RBC) in their lives (48.1 vs 28.5 units, p=0.000), disseminated teeth losses (5.4% vs 1.4%, p<0.001),ileus (7.2% vs 1.4%, p<0.001), CHD (18.0% vs 13.2%, p<0.05), cirrhosis (8.1% vs 1.8%, p<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (25.2% vs 7.0%,p<0.001), leg ulcers (19.8% vs 7.0%, p<0.001), digital clubbing (14.8% vs 6.6%, p<0.001), chronic renal disease (9.9% vs 6.1%, p<0.05), and stroke (12.1% vs 7.5%, p<0.05) were higher in males. Conclusion: As a prototype of systemic atherosclerosis, hardened RBC-induced capillary endothelial damage initiating at birth terminates with end-organ failures in much earlier ages in the SCD. Excess fat tissue may be much more important than smoking and alcohol for the development of atherosclerosis all over the world, and CHD may be the terminal cause of death in everybody at the moment. The efficacy of metformin in loss of appetite is well known in the literature. Since metformin is a safe, cheap, orally used, and effective drug for excess weight, it should be advised in CHD even in normal weight since there are nearly 20 kg of excess fat tissue even between the upper and lower borders of normal weight in adults.
Secondary Metabolite Profiling and Antibacterial Activities of Indigenous Serratia marcescens
Serratia marcescens produces secondary metabolites, which are bioactive chemicals generated during its non-essential metabolic activities. These secondary metabolites are renowned for their antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer capabilities. This work analyzed the chemical composition and antibacterial properties of the secondary metabolite of Serratia marcescens isolated from the local environment. Serratia marcescens was isolated using standard microbiological techniques and identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Gas chromatography mass spectrometric analysis revealed the presence of eighteen (18) bioactive compounds, comprising oleic acid as the most abundant compound (21.9013 %), 9,12-Octadecadien-1-ol, (Z, Z)- (11.9854 %), and other compounds with less than 6 % abundance. The metabolite has antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, and Bacillus subtilis. Antibacterial activity was higher against Bacillus subtilis (42.00±2.65 mm) and Proteus vulgaris (32.67±1.15 mm), and least with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.00±2.00 mm) at 400 mg metabolite concentration.The antibacterial effect decreased with a decrease in the concentration of the metabolite. The results show that Serratia marcescens exhibits potential as an antibacterial agent within the pharmaceutical and food sectors.
Vaginal melanoma is an extremely rare form of melanoma,accounting for less than 1% of genital melanomas and less than 3% of melanomas of the genital tract. Its diagnosis is often delayed due to the rarity of specific symptoms and the unusual location [1,2].
Only two things are in action in this Universe. One is energy and the other is matter. Whenever a tiny [only 4.4 %] of the energy manifests, then creation of matter starts. When the matter returns to its original nature, then destruction begins. In 1905, Albert Einstein showed that matter and energy are equivalent. But before Einstein, the great Tamil Siddha MAYAN found that matter is energy and energy is matter. According to accepted physics, energy is the capacity to do work. Also, the conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. But one form of energy can be converted into another form of energy. Humans first evolved in Africa, and much of human evolution occurred on that continent. The fossils of early humans who lived between 6 and 2 million years ago come entirely from Africa. Most scientists currently recognize some 15 to 20 different species of early humans Recently, it has been found that Our species, Homo sapiens, has now spread to all parts of the world but it’s generally believed that we originated in Africa by about 200,000 years ago. We interacted with local archaic human populations as we colonized the globe. Those Africans migrated to the then Lemurrian continent also called as Kumari Kandam in Tamil literature and history. Those Tamil people were much advanced in all the types of arts and sciences. It is preached from the mouth of a Spiritual Master to the ear of the disciples that the Kumari Kandam spiritually realized Siddhars formulated the first type of yoga on earth. According to this school of thoughts, yoga is the unification of cosmic energy with bioenergy. In this brief work, the author attempts to unlock some treasures of Kumari Kanda yoga for the benefits of the entire humanity.
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Research
Certain Aspects of Climate Change that are Resulting in Major Changes to the World as we know it
The human population on planet earth has increased dramatically in the past 80 years. In early times, humans were a part of nature. They interacted with it and were integrated with plants and other animals. What do humans do that other organisms do not? All organisms communicate to one degree or another; even plants communicate with one another by indirect methods. Ants build nests, honeybees make hives and birds sometimes dig holes in trees to build nests. However, at some point, humans began to exploit not only natural resources, but other animals and plants. We can trace these activities to ancient structures. A favourite one is the pyramids of Egypt. No other animal on earth has left such obvious evidence of their presence.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Research
The Advantage of Ultra-Low Volume Spraying-Some Data from Malawi and West Africa
In Malawi farmers growing cotton were encouraged to spray their crop using a knapsack sprayer after trials were completed c 1962, but in 1969 a farmer complained that it was difficult to get the water needed to spray their cotton, so a new trial was carried out using a hand carried ULVA sprayer apply the same insecticide but as a formulation with oil and applied 2 litres of spray per hectare.
Impact of Migration on Rural Social Structures: A Critical Review
Migration is a multifaceted phenomenon that significantly impacts social, economic, cultural, and political structures at global, national, and local levels. This article explores the drivers, theoretical underpinnings, empirical findings, and conceptual dimensions of migration, with a particular focus on its effects on rural social structures. Migration is driven by diverse factors, including economic inequality, environmental pressures, political instability, and aspirations for improved quality of life. Theoretical frameworks such as the New Economics of Labour Migration (NELM), Social Remittances Theory, and the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) provide a foundation for understanding migration as a household-level strategy, a vehicle for cultural transformation, and a means of adapting to vulnerabilities in livelihood systems. Empirical evidence highlights migration’s dual role as a driver of development and a source of structural challenges. While remittances contribute to improved household incomes, education, and healthcare, migration also leads to demographic shifts, labour shortages, dependency on external income, and disruptions to traditional social cohesion. Studies conducted globally and within Nigeria emphasize these tensions, particularly the feminization of rural households and the introduction of new cultural practices by returning migrants. Conceptually, migration is intertwined with globalization, transnationalism, social inequality, and climate change, underscoring its dynamic and context-specific nature.
Migration, Rural Social Structures, Remittances, Social Remittances
Determining the Optimal Tradeoff between Compute and Accuracy for Diffusion Models in Molecular Docking
In the world of molecular biology, Molecular Docking has become a pillar for understanding complex interactions pivotal for drug design and more. The emergence of sophisticated machine learning models, such as Diffusion Generative Models, have significantly expanded our analytical capabilities. However, this evolution has introduced notable computational challenges. This study aims to examine the trade-off between computational demands and model accuracy. Our methodology, which incorporates free platforms, illuminates methods to conserve computational resources while maintaining nearoptimal accuracy. Our findings suggest that using 30 samples per complex, 15 inference steps, and 4 batch steps improves pose prediction accuracy and reduces computational resources. The proposed parameters achieve a 14% accuracy increase compared to the 40 samples per complex model and a 56.25% increase compared to the 10 samples per complex model. The optimized inference steps result in a 12.2% accuracy increase over the 20-step control using the 40 samples model and a 24.3% increase using the 10 samples model. Additionally, using 4 batch steps leads to a 40.6% increase in DiffDock Confidence for the 10-sample control and a 0.4% increase for the 40- sample control.
Optimization, Parameters, Molecular Docking, Proteins, Ligands, Pose-Prediction, Diffusion Models
Results of using the Components of the FAST TRACK SurgeryProtocol in Planned Non-Obstetric Surgical Interventions DuringPregnancy
Purpose: Evaluates the results of the use of components of the FAST TRACK surgery protocol in elective non-obstetric surgical interventions during pregnancy. Material and Methods: Planned surgical treatment was performed on 457 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters with primary symptomatic chronic venous disease (PSCP) C2S-4s, Er, As, p, Rg (according to the CEAP 2002 basis classification) using elements of the FAST TRACK surgery protocol. Results: A multidisciplinary approach to management before and after surgery using the components of the FAST TRACK surgery protocol was used in all patients. They were hospitalized in a specialized obstetric hospital on the day of surgery. All patients underwent perinatal psychotherapeutic preparation of the pregnant woman and fetus for surgery. Planned surgical interventions of the CHIVA type were performed under local anesthesia by a vascular surgeon - the so-called “mono-technologist” or “obstetric vascular surgeon” in the 11-111th trimesters of pregnancy - optimal timing. Due to these factors, 97.2% of operated patients received a positive clinical effect with a 100% absence of complications from the fetus and mother in all operated patients. Treatment did not lead to premature birth, complications of pregnancy. The postoperative period is comfortable. All children were born on time and in satisfactory condition. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach to the management of pregnant women with primary symptomatic chronic venous disease before and after surgery using the components of the FAST TRACK surgery protocol contributes to a comfortable, safe bearing of pregnancy, safety of childbirth and the postpartum period in 100% of operated patients. There was a need for medical support in the postoperative and postpartum periods, in addition to the use of elastic knitwear of compression class 2 (stockings or knee-highs) during physical exertion. In 2.4% of operated patients, postoperative complications from postoperative wounds were noted, which did not require additional treatment, did not affect the development of the child, the course of pregnancy
Non-Obstetric Pathology, FAST TRACK Surgery Protocol, Non-Obstetric Elective Surgical Interventions, Multidisciplinary Approach
The use pesticides to protect crops from damage caused by insect pests, fungi and weeds, really began back around 1890, when some farmers splashed some copper sulphate to stop people pinching their grapes in France, that was soon followed when Professor Millardet at Bordeaux University noticed that the Copper sulphate had reduced the fungus on the vines. He introduced his Bordeaux mixture which was sprayed using the first knapsack sprayers [1]. At the same time in the USA, knapsack sprayers were introduced to treat potatoes with Paris green to control the Colorado beetle that had spread from Mexico.
An Investigation into the Causes of Violence and Riotous Behaviour among Secondary School Pupils in Zambia
Aim: The objectives of the Study were to (i) Investigate the causes of violence and riotous behaviours among secondary school pupils in Zambia, (ii) Establish the common violent and riotous behaviours among Secondary School pupils, (iii) Evaluate methods schools use to discipline their pupils in Secondary Schools in Choma District, (iv) Identify sustainable methods of improving pupils’ discipline in Secondary schools in Zambia. Study Design: The research was a combination of qualitative and quantitative approach which used questionnaires for data gathering. Questions in the questionnaires included the sources of violent and riotous behaviours schools were experiencing and the methods used to control the vices. The emphasis was on analyzing the factors associated with violence and riotous behavior, establishing the relationship between the variables and identify sustainable methods of improving pupil discipline. Place and duration of study: The study was undertaken in Choma district, southern province, Zambia in term 2/3 of 2018 academic year. Methodology: Respondents targeted included: Secondary school pupils from grades 8 to 12, deputies and head teachers from boarding and day schools which had at least ten-year experience in offering secondary education. Six (6) out of fourteen (14) secondary schools in Choma district were randomly sampled. Six (6) Head teachers and six (6) Deputy Head teachers were purposefully sampled in the selected schools. Six classes with twenty (20) pupils each (one class per school) were selected per class using random sampling. The total of 120 pupils were targeted. Pupils that were selected were ranging from 10 to 20 years and above of age. A randomization procedure was used to select one class per class and per grade at each school. Analysis: The associations between independent variables and violent and riotous behaviours (dependent variables) were statistically tested using the chi square and the Fisher’s Exact tests. The analysis showed that there was a positive association between the variables measured at level of significance of 95 percent. The independent variables tested in the analysis above were; (1). Insufficient diet; (2). Poor sanitation; (3). Group influence and peer pressure; (4). Pupil indiscipline; (5) Abuse by teachers. The dependent variables in the research were violent and riotous Behaviour. Results: The analysis to test the association between the identified factors (independent variables) that contribute to violent and riotous Behaviour were tested at the level of significance of 95 percent with probability (p) =0.05. The test results show that the calculated values are less than p = 0.05. The chi-square value (X2 ) was 0.029 while the Fisher’s Exact value was 0.033. The rule of thumb or the decision rule guides that when the calculated values of chi-square and fisher’s exact tests are less than p =0.05, the null hypothesis should be rejected while the alternative hypothesis should be accepted. Null hypotheses: H01- There is no association between poor diet and riotous behaviour, H02- There is no association between poor sanitation and riotous behaviour, H03- There is no association between group influence and peer pressure and riotous behaviour, H04- There is no association between pupil indiscipline and riotous behaviour. Research Questions: 1). What causes violence and riotous behaviour among Secondary School pupils in Choma District? 2). What are the most common violent and riotous behaviours among Secondary School pupils in Choma District? 3). What methods do schools use to discipline their pupils in Secondary Schools in Choma District? 4). What are the sustainable methods that could significantly improve pupil discipline in Secondary Schools in Zambia? Conclusion: The aforementioned findings of the study have led to the following conclusion: Poor diet, poor sanitation, shortage of enough clean water, group influence and peer pressure, lack of adequate learning and teaching facilities such as, text books, furniture, classrooms, banker beds and hostels were associated with the causes of riotous behaviour in schools. Lack of commitment to duty by teachers and not attending adequately to pupils’ grievances were also responsible for causing riotous behaviours. Internal school factors such as ineffective communication between pupils and the staff also contribute to the causes of violence and riotous behavior. It is therefore, recommended that student councils be set and involved in planning menus for their meals, school policy formulation and decision making. Open days should be planned in each term where parents are invited to school to have a say on the general welfare of their children. Platforms where pupils can bring out their grievances freely without any fear or intimidation should be created. Programs that encourage self-esteem and respect for others such as clubs, quizzes and sporting activities should be emphasized. It is recommended that teachers should work hard, use variety of teaching approaches by exploiting all the available learning and teaching resources so that the required academic need of learners is met
Violence and Riotous Behaviour, Pupils, Disturbances, School Administrators
Knowledge of Consumers Regarding Certification Marks of Food Products and Awareness about Prevention of Food Adulteration Act
Consumer is the king in an economy and a sovereign. But in reality he/she is a sovereign without sovereignty (Wasu, 1987) because at present consumer is being bombarded with glamorous images, products and ideas of a good life. It is hard for the consumer to decide what to buy and where to draw line. The picture presented to him is fuzzy and fantasies world, which is propagating unlimited and untempered consumption. It is also the age of rapid technological and scientific advances, the consumer is hard put to discern what favours him and what puts him at risk. With such factors working against consumer interests, it is up to the consumers to equip themselves with knowledge of standardized products and keep pace with developments that affect their world.
Chromosome Gene, Hsl7 Gene in Vitro Studies
Chromosome gene can expression many functions in human body. Eukaryotic cells are presence in yeast and human, in order to more understanding human gene, we use yeast as a model to research. The ORF (open reading frame) position of the Hsl7 gene is in yeast Saccharomyces YBR133C between 501804bp~504287bp of Chromosome II, with a total length of 2483bp, and the protein size is 95 kDa. Hsl7 gene is a methyltransferase. Protein-arginine N-methyltransferase involved in protein catabolism and regulation of the G2/M transition of mitosis; localizes to the septin collar of the bud neck, and the outer plaque of the spindle pole body in the G1 phase of the cell cycle (Saccharomyces Genome Database), Hsl7 (histone synthetic lethal 7) represent protein methylation, protein methylation is a type of post-translational modification that involves the addition of methyl groups to proteins, Protein methylation, including histone methylation and non-histone protein methylation, is one of the most important forms of posttranscriptional and epigenetic modifications.
The Art of Nano-CAR T Cells in Ovarian Cancer Management
The combination of nanotechnology and CAR T-cell therapeutics heralds a paradigm shift in the management of ovarian cancer, a disease characterized by substantial obstacles such as antigenic heterogeneity, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and physical barriers to treatment efficacy.This paper examines these obstacles critically and proposes innovative nano-engineered solutions, such as the development of nano-CAR T cells and nanoparticle-mediated delivery of CAR genes and immunomodulatory agents, as strategic approaches to improve CAR T-cell delivery, survival, and function within the hostile tumor microenvironment. The convergence of these two disciplines represents a promising strategy for overcoming these obstacles and optimizing the therapeutic potential of CAR T cells in solid malignancies. To translate this promising approach into a viable clinical reality in the fight against ovarian cancer, however, additional scientific research and rigorous clinical trials are required to ensure safety, optimize the design, and establish standardized production and application protocols.
Effect of Doun Palm Mesocarp Meal (Hyphaene Thebaica) As PartialReplacement for Maize on Growth Performance and HaematologicalIndices of Weaned Pigs
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Doum palm mesocarp meal (DPMM) as partial replacement for maize on the growth performanceand heamatological indices of weaned pigs. A total of 50 crossbred pigs with an initial weight of 7.12 ± 0.01 kg and weaned at 21 days of age were individually housed in pens and fed five experimental diets. Diet 1 (Corn based diet without doum palm mesocarp meal, DPMM was used to partially replace maize at 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 2% in diet 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The experimental diet were adequate in all nutrients and fed ad libitum for 56 days in a completely randomized design. DPPM contained crude protein (6.09 %), crude fibre (11.49 %), ether extract (1.75 %), ash (6.26 %) and energy (2933.7 kcal/kg). Average weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not influenced (P>0.05) by dietary treatments. Pack cell volume, red blood cell, platelet, mean platelet volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes were higher (P>0.05) in T3, T4 and T5 than in T1 and T2. All values were within optimum ranges for healthy pigs. Result showed that DPMM can be used to partially replace maize up to 20 % without negatively affecting the performance and health status of weaned pigs.
Doum Palm, Maize, Heamoglobin, Health, Pigs, Feed Conversion
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