Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology
Editor-in-Chief Zhenning Li Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Hawaii at Manoa USA ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7770-6867 Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to promoting research and innovation in civil engineering and related technologies. Published by Scientific Research and Community (SRC), the journal welcomes original research, reviews, technical studies, and innovative ideas from researchers, academicians, engineers, and industry professionals. It provides free online access to published research for readers worldwide. Article acceptance will be in the form of Letter-to-Editor, Conference Proceedings, Research, Review, Analysis, Magazines, Editorial Articles, Mini-Review, Short Communications, Picturized, Book Review, Video Type and Power Point Presentations (PPTS). Special Issue: Sustainable Materials and Structural Innovations in Civil Engineering Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology invites engineers, academicians, scientists, researchers, and industry professionals to contribute original and high-quality manuscripts to our upcoming Special Issue on Sustainable Materials and Structural Innovations in Civil Engineering. You can submit articles online from https://srcpublishers.com/civil-engineering-research/user/register (or) can send through an e-mail with attachment for civilengineering@onlinescientificresearch.info 0.5* Impact Factor 84.5% Citations 63% Acceptance
Nanotechnology in Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems: A Medicinal Mathematics Perspective with Socio-ManagerialDimensions
Nanotechnology has fundamentally transformed pharmaceutics and drug delivery systems by enabling precise targeting, controlled release mechanisms, and enhanced bioavailability of therapeutic agents. This comprehensive review systematically examines recent advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery, nanomedicine, and their diverse biomedical applications through the integrative framework of medicinal mathematics. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of mathematical modeling, optimization techniques, statistical inference, and data-driven methodologies in guiding the rational design, fabrication, and clinical translation of nanoparticle systems. These quantitative approaches facilitate a deeper understanding of complex physicochemical and biological interactions, thereby enabling predictive and efficient therapeutic strategies. Advanced modeling paradigms, including multi-scale simulations that bridge molecular to organ-level phenomena, stochastic processes capturing inherent biological variability, and machine learning algorithms for pattern recognition and predictive analytics, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the review critically explores emerging trends such as nanoparticle-mediated delivery of noncoding RNAs, innovative applications in immuno-oncology, and the integration of nanotechnology with big data analytics and artificial intelligence. These developments underscore the shift toward intelligent, adaptive, and patient-specific therapeutic platforms. The study highlights how the incorporation of mathematical rigor enhances therapeutic efficacy, minimizes systemic toxicity, and accelerates the translational pipeline from laboratory research to clinical practice. By fostering interdisciplinary convergence between applied mathematics, nanotechnology, and biomedical sciences, this work provides a strategic foundation for the advancement of precision medicine and next-generation healthcare solutions. Ultimately, it demonstrates that medicinal mathematics is not merely a supportive tool but a central driver in shaping the future of personalized nanomedicine.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology
Air And Noise Pollution are Major Pollutants in Big Cities
Road traffic along with extreme urbanization rates are the major sources of urban pollution in big cities of the world. In Europe, for example road traffic Is estimated to generate almost 40% of nitrogen oxide emissions. Traffic is also a significant source of PM10 and PM2,5 particles and lead emissions. The energy consumed by residential, commercial and government buildings generate a large volume of suspended particular matter, rising to almost 60% in the case of PM2,5 particles. They are also a major source of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and black carbon emissions. Most big cities in the world are surrounded by industrial areas occupied by polluting businesses that also contribute to the deterioration of air quality in urban areas. In addition to the gasses generated by fossil fuel burning industry they are responsible for releasing heavy metals, such as nickel and arsenic. Tackling noise and air pollution requires stronger collaboration across all levels of governmental, municipal, scientific and technical organizations. Our task should be the movement towards healthier, quieter and more livable cities.
Heat Stress on the Balcony: Investigating the Effects of Facade Heat and External AC Units
Balconies serve as vital semi-outdoor spaces in tropical residential architecture, yet they are often exposed to extreme heat stress that limits their usability. This study investigates the combined impact of facade surface temperature and air conditioning external units on outdoor Thermal Comfort (OTC) on residential balconies in Cau Ong Lanh Ward and Ban Co Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In-situ climatic measurements were conducted in August, focusing on air temperature, surface temperature of adjacent walls, and radiant heat emissions from active AC outdoor units of 296 houses. Observations were paired with behavioral data indicating residents’ willingness to use the balcony under different thermal conditions. Results reveal that balcony environments frequently exceed strong heat stress thresholds during daytime hours, driven by direct solar gain on facades and waste heat from outdoor units. Facade orientation and proximity to mechanical units were found to significantly influence the microclimate at occu-pant level. Most residents avoided using balconies during peak hours, identifying heat from outdoor units as a major discomfort factor. The findings highlight the need to reconsider mechanical unit placement, facade material choices, and shading strategies in balcony design. This study contributes to a growing body of knowledge on climate-responsive residential architecture in tropical regions, emphasizing the integration of mechanical systems and passive design to restore balcony usability and improve occupant well-being.
Overview of Various Types of Qualitative Research Design and Importance of ATLAS.ti Tool
The article explores qualitative research types, highlighting its focus on subjective understanding and context through methodologies like interviews and focus groups. Key attributes include exploratory nature, smaller sample sizes, and a contextual approach, making it suitable for understanding user needs, in contrast to quantitative research. Qualitative research designs include various approaches: Narrative Research focuses on personal stories, while Phenomenology investigates how individuals perceive phenomena. Grounded Theory systematically analyzes data to create theories, and Ethnography examines cultural behaviors through immersion in specific groups. Case Studies entail an in-depth analysis of specific cases. It presents ATLAS.ti, a Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software that supports various methodologies, enhances team collaboration, and aids in organizing qualitative data. Common data sources utilized in ATLAS.ti include interview transcripts, focus group discussions, open-ended survey responses, observation field notes, and multimedia files such as audio, video, and images. ATLAS.ti offers systematic coding, AI-enhanced analysis, and advanced visualization tools, facilitating comprehensive qualitative research across diverse data types. By detailing basic activities at each stage of the process and including screenshots, the paper aims to create an accessible resource for other researchers utilizing ATLAS.ti.
Renovation and Conversion Home for the Elderly to Nursing Home and Refurbishment Concepts for School Buildings to be Green Energy Houses
After-Hours Use of Technology and Workers’ Green Job Outcomes: Impact of WorkFamily Conflict in the Organization
This research explores the impact of technology usage after work hours on workers’ green job outcomes, including green job performance and wellbeing. It also aimed to investigate the mediating role of work–family conflict among them. Drawing on the role conflict theory (RCT) and the job demands–resources (JDR) model, this study fills the current research gap regarding the way technology-driven job intrusion affects employee green job outcomes and clarifies the underlying path through which the mediating variable work–family conflict plays its crucial role. We collected data through an electronic survey from 334 workers of foreign companies working in Shanghai city in China. Results showed that workers’ use of technology after their work hours is negatively associated with their green job outcomes, specifically green job performance and wellbeing. We further found work–family conflict as a mediating variable in the associations between after-hours use of technology and (a) Green job performance and (b) Wellbeing, two green job outcomes of workers in organizations. This research offers significant practical implications regarding how organizations can achieve a balance between the use of technology and their green job outcomes in this technological era. We also discuss limitations and future research directions.
An Increase in The Safety of Civil Buildings During Operation in The Harsh Conditions of the Subarctic Zone of The Russian Federation
IBuildings have a limited-service life, depending on the type of building material and the quality of its production. However, the aggressive nature of the operating environment significantly reduces this life span. Additionally, changes in climate conditions, wind exposure, humidity, and temperature can also affect the durability and safety of civil buildings. This paper provides an analysis of the challenges faced during the operation of civil buildings in the harsh subarctic climate of the Russian Federation, based on field research. One of the solutions to improve the safety of civil buildings is the use of overhead facade systems. Facade systems that cover the building’s supporting structures protect them from the negative effects of the urban environment. At the same time, each facade has its own service life, during which its performance characteristics remain stable and do not change under the influence of various factors. These systems are repairable. This feature allows for the quick replacement of structures that affect the durability and appearance of buildings. In their study, the authors present not only real problems leading to a decrease in the safety of civil buildings, but also optimal design solutions for overhead facade systems, the stability and reliability of which have been confirmed by experimental research.
Carbon Neutrality from Strategy to Certification
Dr. Thabet will explain how carbon neutrality can be achieved through a real-life case study of his home in the Emirate of Sharjah. The presentation will cover the full journey, starting with setting carbon reduction targets, followed by strategy development and implementation, measuring the project’s carbon footprint, and finally obtaining official certification for the work.
Redefining Urban Planning and Sustainable Architecture through Climate City Contracts:Innovation, Governance and Building-Level Action
European cities are increasingly positioned at the core of transformative processes aimed at addressing climate change and advancing sustainability, in line with the European Green Deal and major international frameworks such as the UN 2030 Agenda, the New Urban Agenda, the Paris Agreement, and the New European Bauhaus. As highlighted by the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Cities (AR7, 2023), urban contexts represent a privileged arena for experimentation, where the proximity between local communities, governance structures, and implementation enables more ambitious and integrated climate actions. In this perspective, cities function as living laboratories in which urban planning and sustainable architecture are being redefined through systemic, place-based approaches. Within this evolving framework, the Horizon Europe Mission on Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities promotes a new paradigm of urban transformation by supporting 100 cities in achieving climate neutrality by 2030, using the Climate City Contract (CCC) as its main operational instrument. This contribution focuses on Part B of the CCC, which constitutes its operational core and translates strategic visions into concrete actions, with particular attention to building-related measures such as indoor air quality, ventilation strategies, and energy conservation. By analysing the structure of Modules B-1, B-2, and B-3, the paper explores whether innovation primarily resides in the adoption of advanced technical solutions in sustainable architecture or in the CCC itself as a governance and planning framework capable of integrating technical, social, and institutional dimensions. The analysis highlights how the CCC fosters a redefinition of urban planning practices by embedding architectural and building scale interventions within broader climate-neutrality pathways, supported by measurable indicators, adaptive monitoring, and stakeholder engagement. In doing so, it underscores the potential of integrated urban governance models to drive scalable and replicable innovations in sustainable architecture, contributing to a more holistic and transformative approach to climate-neutral urban development.
Impact of Climate Change in Respiratory Health and The Importance of Green Cities and Sustaintability in Reducing the Burden of Respiratory Diseases
Climate change has increased the frequency, intensity, and geographic distribution of extreme weather events such as heatwaves, severe winter conditions, floods, droughts, hurricanes, thunderstorms, wildfires, and dust storms. These events have had direct effects on mortality and morbidity, particularly in respiratory diseases; as well as indirectly increasing the prevalence of food, water, and vector borne diseases. The adverse impacts are unequally distributed across countries and global regions, and the scale of recent changes in the climate are unprecedented. The effects of climate change widen existing health and social inequities, with the most vulnerable countries (low-income countries) likely to experience the greatest hazards. Climate change is also linked to worsening of air pollution. Increased temperatures affect pollutant production and dispersion of air pollutants as a result of changes in different factors especially in urban areas. In some regions, dust storms are becoming more frequent as a result of global warming, changing wind patterns and desertification. Exposure to dust can cause respiratory symptoms, and dust can be a carrier of pathogenic microorganisms, allergens, and fungal spores. Promoting infectious respiratory diseases. Climate change also increases the risk from emerging diseases as a consequence of changes in species range and diversity. Extreme temperature, wildfire smoke, dust storms, and allergen exposure currently pose the biggest threats to people with chronic respiratory diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, asthma and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Aspects of pharmacological management of these diseases may also contribute to climate change. There are significant differences in the carbon footprint of inhaler devices, reflecting whether they contain a propellant gas, what they are made from, how they are manufactured and transported, and whether they can be reused or recycled. Selection and correct use and disposal of inhalers by patients can have important implications for global warming, and inhalers with less environmental impact are being developed. The promotion of green cities, contribution to correct waste disposal, effective measures the impact air pollution and wide use and distribution of sustainable energies have proved to reduce climate change, thus reducing also the impact in respiratory diseases, prevalence, morbidity and mortality.
A New Approach to Optimizing Aggregates in Asphalt - Evaluated Using Physical Properties Measured in the Goode and Lufsey Study
In a previously published article, it was found that maximizing the Percent Packing Efficiency was effective in optimizing aggregates in asphalt to achieve an improved property balance. This study then found that the Percent Packing Efficiency can be further increased for an optimum aggregate particle size distribution by increasing the ratio, Z, between particles. In addition, the Percent Packing Efficiency has been found to approach an upper limit as the number of particles are increased in an optimum particle size distribution with a constant value of Z. A property analysis of the Goode and Lufsey study data for aggregates in asphalt also found that the minimums for the Mineral Voids and the Air Voids corresponded with maximums of Bulk Specific Density when the Percent Packing Efficiency approaches its maximum value. These results confirmed that the Percent Packing Efficiency is a significant measure of the particle packing efficiency for aggregate blends in asphalt. Since Gradation 3 generated in the Goode and Lufsey study had the best balance of properties, this gradation was identified as the standard for their recommended maximum density line. As anticipated, the Goode and Lufsey maximum density standard gradation did yield the maximum Percent Packing Efficiency followed in order by other standard gradations including a Stone Matrix Gradation, a Superpave Gradation and finally a Bailey Gradation. In general, the analysis of the 24 gradations in the Goode and Lufsey study found that the Percent Packing Efficiency appears to be a very useful tool in predicting the gradation performance.
Empowering Urban Communities Through Participatory Planning: Innovative Extension Practices for SustainableDevelopment
This study is about the importance of engaging people in urban planning. It focuses on innovative extension practices that can lead to community empowerment, bridging gaps and bringing in positive change in communities. The research problem is centered on how inclusive participatory methods can be used efficiently to create more sustainable urban environments driven by communities. The objectives of this study were: to lay out foundation knowledge on urban planning in the Philippines connected to participatory development - finding out ways to bridge the gap with local citizens, assessing how participatory techniques transform peoples’ lives and uncover constraints encountered during implementation of urban planning reforms. The use of, Google Scholar to access free publications such as open-access journals, e-books and reliable news articles among others via internet sources will be the main source of literature review. This research shall utilize systematic literature review, case study analysis, comparative policy analysis, social media analysis, etc. A number of findings show that participation in urban planning promotes increased community ownership over resources; enhances improved project outcomes; strengthens social cohesion within communities; enables better distribution of resources; and increases community resilience against major shocks like disasters. Other challenges include power disparities between different stakeholders, inadequate resource support from government agencies and long-term commitment. The author argues that empowering a community to shape its own neighborhood through innovative extension practices is an effective way to improve lives and inspire change thereby improving quality life for all who live there. This study’s contribution is a call for a paradigm shift towards more collaborative processes requiring inclusive governance informed by local knowledge systems regarding sustainable cities and communities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology
Development at the Urban Fringes: Analysing Intra-urban Mobility in Peri-urban Communities of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Urbanization is a characteristic of rapidly growing cities, which will, in turn, generate peri-urban areas. Extensive urbanization has occurred in Ado-Ekiti, the capital city of Ekiti State in Nigeria, resulting in the establishment of peri-urban settlements. Transport behavior in intra-urban areas of these settlements is the subject of this paper, and concerns, opportunities, and implications of transport dynamics for socio-economic activity are discussed. The study deconstructs how poor infrastructure, informal transport, and spatial inequality organize mobility and urban integration. The findings present lessons in sustainable planning to optimize accessibility and connectivity in peri-urban Ado-Ekiti.
A Review on the Selection of Materials and Mechanical Properties of Railroad Under-Rail Pads
The railroad has become the main pillar of the transportation industry, and the under-rail pads have a cushioning and vibration-damping effect so that the train is safe on the track. The common production materials of under-rail pads are rubber, TPU, HDPE, and EVA and rubber materials can be divided into traditional thermosetting rubber, TPE, and EPDM. Scholars also use a lot of special materials to make the under-rail pads. The different materials used to manufacture under-rail pads make their mechanical properties different. Over the past decades, scholars have never stopped researching the materials used in railroad under rail pads. This paper summarizes the research of scholars in various countries on the materials used for under-rail pads, as well as their mechanical properties and material characteristics. It puts forward suggestions and prospects for the material research of under-rail pads, which can provide references and bases for the subsequent related research.
Solar-Powered Barometric Vacuum Desalination: Modelling, Simulation, and Performance Analysis for Sustainable WaterProduction
This study introduces an innovative, sustainable, energy-efficient approach to desalination using a Barometric Vacuum Desalination System (BVDS). The system passively creates a vacuum through a barometric column, enabling the production of freshwater from saline water at near-ambient temperatures. By leveraging a passively generated vacuum via a barometric column, the system operates with minimal energy input, making it compatible with solar or other low- grade thermal sources. The configuration includes an evaporation chamber equipped with a solar collector, a condenser heat exchanger, and three vertical water columns for saline intake, brine rejection, and freshwater collection—each connected to its own holding tank. Circulation pumps and control valves interconnect these components, ensuring a cost-effective and low-maintenance setup. A MATLAB-based simulation developed using thermodynamic, fluid dynamic, and heat-mass transfer principles, confirms the system’s operational feasibility, energy efficiency, and scalability for high-quality freshwater production. The BVDS also offers a low environmental footprint, making it particularly suitable for deployment in arid or remote regions. Future work will focus on scaling up the system and incorporating thermal storage solutions to enable continuous operation.
IoT Integration in HVAC Systems: Achieving Sustainable Energy Efficiency and Enhanced Occupant Comfort
The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the management of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems by enabling real-time monitoring and intelligent control. Buildings account for about 40% of global energy use, with HVAC systems consuming the largest share. Yet many HVAC operations are inefficient, wasting 20–30% of energy due to rigid controls and lack of feedback. This study investigates the impact of IoT integration on HVAC performance, focusing on improvements in energy efficiency and occupant comfort. We present a comprehensive analysis combining literature review, experimental case studies, and data-driven evaluation. The results demonstrate that IoT-enabled HVAC systems can significantly reduce energy consumption—often by 20–30% or more while maintaining or enhancing indoor comfort. Case studies from commercial buildings and campus facilities illustrate how smart sensors, connected thermostats, and data analytics optimize HVAC operation. Occupant comfort is addressed through adaptive controls and occupant feedback mechanisms, leading to more stable indoor environments. However, challenges such as data security, privacy, and integration costs remain and are discussed alongside future directions for widespread adoption. These findings underscore IoT’s potential to revolutionize HVAC systems, achieving a synergy between sustainability and human comfort in modern buildings.
On The Effectiveness of MOSTAP Sampling in Tailings
The MOSTAP sampling apparatus is a popular tool in geotechnical investigation, since MOSTAP sampling can be done efficiently and cost effectively with the same rig used for CPT testing. Although few publications exist discussing the nuances and application of the MOSTAP sampler in practice, it is generally found that the MOSTAP sampler provides lower quality undisturbed samples when compared to piston tube or block samples. This paper discusses the experiences and learnings from geotechnical investigations where the MOSTAP sampler was employed in platinum and discard sand tailings in Southern Africa. A comparison between different sampler diameters at the same site showed significant improvements in sample recovery with larger diameter samplers. Ancillary equipment such as a core catcher and nylon stockings have significant effects on sample recovery and quality. The soil type and degree of saturation of samples also have a significant effect on sample recovery and sample quality. Transportation and storage of samples were identified as major contributors in moisture loss and sample disturbance. Even with the potential challenges in obtaining a representative sample at depth, MOSTAP samples are shown to be greatly beneficial in evaluating a soil profile and density determination with high confidence, especially when paired with index tests. The opportunity is identified where diligent sample measurement and tracking can provide reliable and invaluable information about a relevant soil stratum. Advanced laboratory testing (e.g., triaxial and oedometer tests) is not recommended on undisturbed MOSTAP samples, these should rather be remolded for critical state line testing, if relevant.
Sustainable Integration of Religious and Monastic Architecture in Rural and Forest Environments: The Nechit Village Project, Romania
This study presents a sustainable architectural project focusing on the construction of an Orthodox Christian Church and Monastic House in Nechit Village, Borlesti Commune, Neamt County, Romania. The development integrates new construction with the adaptive reuse of existing household annexes, transforming them into functional church facilities while preserving the natural and cultural landscape. Located in a forested area outside the built-up zone, the project emphasizes ecological harmony and efficient land use, with a total built area of 657 sqm on a 5400 sqm site. The architectural solution employs reinforced concrete, hollow brick masonry, and wooden roofing structures—balancing traditional craftsmanship with modern engineering. Energy-efficient systems include localized water supply extensions, controlled wastewater management, and a hybrid heating solution combining electric and solid-fuel systems. The design prioritizes minimal environmental impact and long-term sustainability. This project exemplifies how religious and monastic architecture can serve as a model for sustainable rural development—preserving cultural heritage while redefining planning and design practices within natural ecosystems.
Smart Cities: Integrating IoT in Urban Waste Management
The progressive increase in population, industrialization, and consumerism are some of the factors that have contributed to the recent rise in waste generation. Proper management of urban solid waste constitutes a key sustainability challenge, being necessary to avoid landfill disposal. But waste management has also associated impacts: environmental, economic, social, and health. Furthermore, a city without a sanitation system for wastewater is inconceivable in the most developed countries. However, the odorous impact of those facilities is a source of frequent complaints and protests in nearby residential areas. Such pollution often results from the presence of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and other nitrogenous or sulfurous compounds, some of which have very low olfactory thresholds. Thus, it is essential waste management, resource use, and the most impactful production processes to promote the concept of sustainable cities aligned with social well-being. The objective of this research is the evaluation of an innovative gas detection system to detect and control odor emissions from urban waste collection and treatment. Specifically, the prototype is being optimized for implementation in urban waste containers (the emission sources), with the aim of creating an intelligent alarm system that triggers early collection when unpleasant emission thresholds are exceeded. Complementary studies focus on implementing the sensorized system in urban solid waste management plants, where the odorous impact is generally significant (e.g., composting facilities). The prototype activates misting absorption devices in response to odor peaks, markedly reducing the odorous impact. From a holistic point of view, the applicability of the prototype is also being evaluated in the most critical areas of urban wastewater treatment plants, particularly in those facilities where the generation of abundant and smelly sewage sludge is significant. Such digital technologies and innovative infrastructures might allow improving quality of life and promoting the development of “Smart Cities”.
The Economic Architecture of Urban Resilience: Integrating Sustainability, Innovation and Community into Urban Development
This paper aims to show why sustainable urban development cannot be achieved without simultaneously linking financial mechanisms, innovation processes and active community involvement. Through field research in several Croatian cities – including Zagreb, Split, Rijeka, Osijek and Zadar – the opinions, attitudes and experiences of a total of 800 respondents from the public, private and civil sectors were collected. The results clearly confirm that the greatest progress in quality of life, infrastructure resilience and economic vitality is achieved only when all three pillars are synchronized: • Finance (provided through city budgets, green bonds and public-private partnerships) offers long-term investment stability. • Innovation (ranging from digital platforms to circular business models) enables more efficient use of resources and faster adaptation to change. • The community (through the actions of local committees, associations and participatory budgeting) ensures legitimacy, local knowledge and social cohesion. Respondents consistently emphasized that projects that fail to include at least one of these elements encounter greater administrative hurdles, lower citizen engagement, and lower long-term profitability. On the other hand, examples where financial incentives supported technological innovation, and decisions were made in open dialogue with residents, proved to be the most successful in achieving environmental goals, creating new jobs, and strengthening social resilience. The paper therefore concludes that the “synergistic triangle” – finance + innovation + community – is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable and resilient cities. It proposes a framework of steps that local authorities and partners can follow (1) Diversify sources of capital through green financial instruments, (2) Embed innovation in every infrastructure and social project, and (3) Institutionalize mechanisms for ongoing citizen participation. The paper thus offers a practical roadmap for Croatian, but also other European cities, seeking to balance economic growth, technological progress, and social inclusion on the path to a sustainable future.
Operational Benefits from Industrial Metaverse – The Most Feasible Use Cases
The purpose of the paper is to identify and prioritize the most feasible use cases of the Industrial Metaverse (IM) to deliver operational benefits for companies. It is based on recent findings from a co-research project that consists of five case studies from different industrial enterprises representing different sectors. The research is to pursue understanding and gain new insight on the companies’ needs of how to utilize virtual IM applications in their digital transformation. The research represents a qualitative multiple case-study approach and follows inductive reasoning. Case study material includes company specific interviews and analysis as well as joint workshop discussions and surveys on potential use cases. The paper includes the evolution of industry digitalization and the emerging concept of Industrial Metaverse with its expected benefits. The use cases are studied from the lens of industrial enterprises seeking benefits from new immersive technologies. Best practice sharing to apply new digital capabilities is an essential part of the study. The findings of the case studies deliver new insights into the use of digital twins, video analytics, quadruped robots, as well as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) -capabilities. The selected use cases emphasize the important role of advanced 5G and edge computing to provide an integrated platform offering full mobility, real time data capabilities, cybersecurity, and interoperability across information, communications, and automation system environments. The main conclusion is a set of prioritized Industrial Metaverse use cases in the cost-efficiency, sustainability, and safety opportunity areas. Remote operations and VR training with simulation capabilities are considered the most feasible and high value use cases.
Precautionary Implications of Climate Change Impact on Lake Kinneret Water Quality
Critical imperatives are considered with respect to the climate change impact on the Kinneret water quality. A positive correlation was found between nutrient (nitrate excluded) concentrations and the rate of headwater discharges (River Jordan), which creates erosion action that is respectively related to rainfall. The impact of rainfall capacity on underground aquifers and influx of sub-lacustrine salty fluxes into the lake, maintaining the lake's saline load. Enhancement of Bleak fish populations and consequently intensification of zooplankton consumption is positively correlated to climate change features of rainfall regime and capacity. These imperatives are considered as climato-ecological trait. This paper ties them into a spread across the entire ecosystem impact on Kinneret water quality. These factors are respected as uncovered hidden climate change features during the “early period” (1970-2000), whilst enhanced during the “later period” (2001-2018).
Regional Climate Change Symptoms Indication
Several long-term durations (61,85 and 38 years) of climatological records are comparatively evaluated, aimed at indicating regional climate change symptoms. Meteorological parameters such as air temperature, rainfall capacity, wind velocity, gust wind, event frequency, relative humidity and radiation are included. The conclusion indicates the differences between larger and smaller regions, including Jerusalem, the Kinneret drainage basin, and the Hula Valley. Sixty-one years of daily record (1908-1969) of daily rainfall capacity in Jerusalem do not confirm climate change, whilst several climatological parameters recorded in the Hula valley suggest regional climate change.
Electrode Potencials and Chemical Kinetics
I tried to theoretically study the interrelation between the above physical quantities (electrode potential and electron affinity) and generalize it to most elements of the periodic table of Mendeleev, as a result of which I wrote a theoretical general formula for this interrelation
Entangled Photon Electron Following Thermo Field Dynamics Method
Thermo-field dynamics (TFD) is a method linking quantum information to statistical thermodynamics, focus directly on the state because the states in the tilde space in TFD play a role of tracer of the initial states by defining an extended density matrix described on the double Hilbert space. The study of quantum entanglement is more complicated, so the TFD method makes it easier, this is the subject of this paper. We use Thermo-field Dynamics method to study entanglement entropies and transition probability of a Photon-electron system between equilibrium with heat bath, and non-equilibrium, based on the dissipative von Neumann equation. Numerically, at the equilibrium and by controlling the system through temperature, we show that entanglement entropies verify the Nernst’s theorem. By increasing the quantization of a single-mode electromagnetic field, entanglement and transition probability decrease. At non-equilibrium, we show that entanglement entropies obey the second law of thermodynamics, and the emission of a photon decrease the probability of detecting the electron at a quantum level.
Polystyrene Paint for Protecting Concrete Structures from Corrosion
The purpose of this work is development and study the properties of varnish paint materials based on a foam polystyrene solution, intended for corrosion protection of concrete and reinforced concrete building structures. This goal determined the formulation of the following tasks: • Select solvents and determine the optimum polymer concentration • To develop optimal compositions of varnish paint materials • Determine the durability of the developed varnish paint materials under various operating conditions. Information about the possibility of using foam polystyrene waste in the development of paint formulations is given. The optimal types of solvents have been determined. The optimum concentration of the polymer in the solvent has been selected. The long-term strength of polymer coatings has been investigated. The fragile mechanism of destruction for films based on expanded polystyrene solution has been established. It was revealed that in the process of thermal aging of plasticized polymer films based on expanded polystyrene solutions, the nature of the destruction of the coating changes from forced elastic to brittle. The change in the value of the structure-sensitive factor was revealed depending on the content of the plasticizer. In the course of aging, a change in the ratio between the short-term and long-term strength of plasticized coatings is observed.
Contribution to the Study of Pathologies and the Management of Civil Engineering Structures of the Bafoussam MakeneneSection of the National Road Rn4 in Cameroon
In industry, and particularly in the field of Civil Engineering, it has become essential nowadays to assess the condition of Civil Engineering Structures (CES). To effectively estimate and evaluate their state, it is fundamental to analyze the causes of disorders that manifest as pathologies. The objective of this research is to evaluate the condition of civil engineering structures throughout their service life, in order to establish a necessary diagnosis for decision-making and for defining maintenance strategies. First, a condition assessment and an inventory were carried out on the Bafoussam- akenene section of the RN4 national road, aimed at gathering basic information on the structures. Following this inventory campaign, an inspection was also conducted on all the civil engineering structures. Apart from the observed degradations on various deck elements and the lack of monitoring, the surveyed structures were found to be in an “acceptable” state from a structural point of view. Then, using Pareto’s law, statistical analyses were conducted to distinguish the strategic structures for which an enhanced monitoring process must be established. Decision-support tools were also developed, along with a flowchart highlighting the different steps to follow for assessing the condition of a bridge. Finally, the overall operations clearly demonstrated the evaluation of the condition of civil engineering structures along the itinerary, particularly the Ndé Bridge and the Mlem Bridge, on the Bafoussam–Makenene section of the RN4 national road.
Considerations When Restraining Molecularly Oriented PVC Pipe
The benefits of molecularly oriented PVC pipe (PVC-O) are well known and documented. Numerous studies covering improved pipe impact, toughness, hydraulics, and life cycle have been published. There is less information about PVC-O pipe under pipeline hydraulic forces. The objective of this paper is to identify design considerations when restraining PVC-O pipe.
Aspects of Coastal Monitoring and Coastal Protection by Engineering Approaches, Focusing on The Mediterranean Sea
In this review, aspects of coastal vulnerabilities have been pointed out, highlighting the importance of monitoring approaches and possible interventions by using engineering technologies to counteract coastal deterioration have been considered. This review coupled aspects related to the need for accurate monitoring procedures to detect coastal conditions and to control severe concerns affecting coasts, including sea level rise, offering possible solutions in the form of hard and nature-based engineering interventions. This study provided a focus on the hotspots of the Mediterranean coastal area. Innovative approaches in evidencing features of peculiar coastal sites and in providing countermeasures to be considered by local stakeholders and policy makers have been highlighted. Forthcoming investigations should include studies on engineering structures at coasts, focusing on natural based and hybrid engineering approaches, combined with an important and constant monitoring activity both before and after engineering structures inclusion. This review can give insights into future research and into innovative proposals for coasts protection.
Digital Transformation Strategy and Its Role in Developing Municipal Service Management: A Case Study of Municipalityin Oman
Digital transformation has emerged as a critical driver of innovation and efficiency in public sector service delivery, fostering citizen-centric approaches and operational excellence. This study examines the role of digital transformation strategies in enhancing municipal service management, focusing on a case study of a municipality in Oman. Aligned with Oman Vision 2040, the research employs a qualitative approach, including interviews and document analysis, to investigate enablers, barriers, and impacts of digital transformation initiatives. The findings reveal that leadership commitment,strategic alignment, and technological readiness are key enablers, while resistance to change, digital literacy gaps, and regulatory challenges remain significant obstacles. The study highlights the potential of e-governance to transform municipal services, offering recommendations for policymakers to address identified barriers and foster inclusive digital adoption. These insights contribute to the literature on public sector innovation and provide actionable strategies for municipalities navigating their digital transformation journeys.