Journal of Clinical Case Studies Reviews & Reports
Journal of Clinical Case Studies Reviews & Reports is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Clinical Case Studies Reviews & Reports. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Articles can be submitted through online from https://www.onlinescientificsresearch.com/submit-online or can send through an e-mail with attachment for clinicalreports@onlinescientificresearch.info
Rapid-Onset Obesity, Hypothalamic Dysfunction, Hypoventilation, and Autonomic Dysfunction (ROHHAD)
Rapid-onset obesity, hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysfunction (ROHHAD) is a rare syndrome that was initially described more than 50 years ago. However, the term ROHHAD and its criteria for diagnosis were not distinguished as a separate entity except in 2007 [1,2]. To date, literature from Saudi Arabia shows two reported cases. Moreover, fewer than 100 cases were described in the literature worldwide [3-5]. Despite that there is no diagnostic test that can detect ROHHAD; Keeping it in mind while excluding other etiologies is important; since the prognosis of ROHHAD mainly depends on how early the case is diagnosed and managed in the aims to decrease severe complications and mortality. Symptoms of the disease, particularly rapid weight gain, can present as early as one year and a half of age, followed by gradually developing symptoms of hypothalamic dysfunction, autonomic dysregulation, and hypoventilation, leading the parents to seek medical attention.
Obesity, Hypoventilation, Hypothalamic, Autoimmune
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Clinical Case Studies Reviews & Reports https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Plastic Surgery: Principles and the Golden Formulas
The entire field of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgery is technically based on 3 elements, “Viability” of tissues; “Transfer” of tissues; and the extent of tissue defect or “Tension”. These were expressed in 3 mathematical formulas and rules. An updated “Definition “of the specialty has been suggested.
Plastic Surgery, Principles Rules, Formulas, Ratios, Tissue Viability, Ischemia
A Clinical Review of Physical Rehabilitation Protocol and Early Mobilization Patterns for Post-COVID-19 Patients: Tertiary Healthcare Facility Experience
Several studies have emphasized the urgent need for Physical Rehabilitation guidelines for COVID-19 patients and the effect of Early Mobilization in these patients. Previous reports revealed that dealing with COVID-19 patients was based on expert opinion, evidence from patients with other lung diseases, and not on the recent literature concerning COVID-19. International guidelines have also reported that early mobilization is safe and feasible, starting in the ICU setting. Therefore, this clinical literature review aimed to designate the indications for physical rehabilitation programs and early mobilization benefits to add to the existing literature the necessary up-to-date recommendations and to share the experience of a tertiary healthcare facility in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in dealing with different stages of post-COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: The multidisciplinary approach of KFSH&RC for rehabilitating COVID-19 patients was integrated through early mobilization and remarkable follow-up of different clinical service divisions, including physical and occupational rehabilitation, respiratory therapy, and nutrition, with the collaboration of the medical and psychological teams aiming to regain optimal physical function, psychological well-being, and better quality of life for those populations.
ICU, Early Mobilization, COVID-19, Rehabilitation, Respiratory-Care, KSA
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Cardiomyopathy as an Adverse Effect of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in Young Male
A 19-year old man with no prior psychiatric history demonstrated psychiatric disorders like depression, anxiety, and sleep-wake disorder after the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and staying at ICU because of myocarditis related to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Based on the characteristic symptoms, a clinical diagnosis of PTSD was made. His symptoms were relieved with 20 mg/day of fluoxetine per oral (p.o.) treatment. BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine may have rare but severe indirect psychiatric side effects. According to that, an enlarged examination including vaccine history in our routine clinical psychiatric evaluation is important.
COVID-19 Vaccines, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders, Fluoxetine
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Clinical Case Studies Reviews & Reports https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Modulation of Autophagy, a Therapeutic Approach to Mutated NRAS
Here we discuss the mechanistic relationship of autophagy to apoptosis and specifically address the challenges in understanding the therapeutic approach to RAS mutated cancers, through modification of autophagy. We then present a case report of NRAS mutated positive liquid biopsy (on a patient with possible neuroendocrine tumor), and a treatment approach consisting of modulation of autophagy. We explain the mechanisms involved with tumor mutated allele frequency response in liquid biopsy and conclude that such approach could present as a viable option in RAS mutated tumor therapeutics and a basket trial recommended for future clinical validation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Clinical Case Studies Reviews & Reports https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Hypokalemia in a Young Patient as Onset Sign of Reninoma, still a Complex Diagnosis
Hypokalaemia is rare in young people without chronic disease and chronic treatment. Rarely it may be associated to secondary hypertension. We here report a rare case of reninoma with early onset characterized by hypokalemia and chronic kidney dysfunction. GB a 29 yy black old man was admitted in internal medicine with unexplained hypokalemia associated to onset of severe hypertension and anamnestic kidney dysfunction. During the differential diagnosis evaluation, the presence of a right reninoma was found. Therapeutic management was very difficult because the rare evidence of reninoma and the available options in this clinical setting are not clear. The complexity clinical management and therapeutic options of similar cases are limitated by the current guidelines and to choose a long term treatment is very difficult.
Reninoma, Malignant Hypertension, Secondary Hypertension, Juxtacellular Neoplasm, Cardiovascular Diseases, Hypokalemia
Preconception Blood Brain Barrier Integrity and Autism Risk at Birth: A Protocol from an Indian Population
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental condition influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. While maternal prenatal factors have been widely studied, preconception paternal health — particularly semipermeable blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity — remains underexplored in relation to ASD risk in offspring. This paper presents a cross sectional observational study protocol designed to assess surrogate measures of BBB permeability in Indian men prior to conception and examine their associations with semen quality, epigenetic markers, and autism birth risk. Using biochemical markers, reproductive health parameters, and follow up infant developmental screening, this research aims to elucidate whether disruptions in systemic barrier regulation may correlate with increased ASD risk.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Clinical Case Studies Reviews & Reports https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Cancer is a deadly disease because we do not fully understand its mechanism and, like many other deadly diseases before, do not know how to manage it correctly. Inasmuch as this is a blank statement that we all know, it is also a statement acknowledging our desire to know and to conquer this disease, like we did for many other diseases that wiped millions off this planet before. We conquered these deadly diseases because we understood them to a point that we could develop highly effective therapies to control them. For cancer, this proved to be a much harder task than before. We have spent much more resources on cancer than any other diseases we have faced, yet we have hardly changed the deadly nature of it. We thought we have known this disease much better than other diseases but that understanding seems to rest at the level of cancer as a uniform disease, we still seem to be clueless when facing a real-world individual case. Here I would like to discuss cancer as a disease, especially as a deadly disease from few different angles than before. Most my views stem form curiosities accumulated over a dozen years of clinical observations and management of cancer. Many of these curiosities, after persistent pursue, have returned with fruitful answers. This assay present some of these answers with extension to possible truth about cancer as an individual disease.
Awake ECMO to Manage Acute Stridor Due to Severe Tracheal Compression from EBV-Positive Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case Report
Acute upper airway obstruction is a medical emergency that typically requires prompt airway stabilization via intubation or tracheotomy. However, in cases of large mediastinal or cervical tumors causing significant tracheal compression, these conventional airway strategies may fail or be contraindicated due to the risk of complete airway collapse. In such rare, high-risk cases, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may serve as a bridge to secure oxygenation and initiate definitive treatment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Clinical Case Studies Reviews & Reports https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Rare Case of Spontaneous Splenic Rupture in a Young Patient with Infectious Mononucleosis
Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare but serious complication of infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We present a case of a 34-year-old male who developed spontaneous splenic rupture without the typical features of IM. This article discusses the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, management, and relevant literature on this life-threatening complication.
Efficacy and Safety of Cemiplimab in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Background: One prevalent kind of skin cancer is cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), with advanced stages historically having limited treatment options and poor outcomes. A possible treatment is cemiplimab, an inhibitor of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). This systematic review aims to consolidate evidence from clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of cemiplimab across the spectrum of advanced CSCC. Methods: Using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central from the beginning to the present, a thorough literature search was carried out in accordance with PRISMA standards. Included were prospective clinical studies examining cemiplimab in adult patients with resectable, metastatic, or locally advanced CSCC. Objective reaction rate (ORR) and pathological complete response (pCR) were the main results. Safety and survival were secondary outcomes. Results: Seven studies (one Phase 3 RCT, six Phase 2 trials) were included. Cemiplimab showed significant and long-lasting effectiveness in advanced CSCC, with ORRs ranging from 41.1% to 62%. In a critical examination, 87.8% of respondents continued to answer after a year, failing to meet the median duration of response. High pCR rates (51–73%) in the neoadjuvant context allowed for less involved surgery. Adjuvant cemiplimab was found to be a new standard of treatment in the Phase 3 C-POST study, which reduced the risk of mortality or illness recurrence by 68% (Hazard Ratio 0.32) when compared to placebo. With 23.9% to 44% of patients experiencing Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent side events, the safety profile was reasonable and in line with the PD-1 inhibitor class. Conclusion: Cemiplimab is a highly effective and indispensable therapy for CSCC, demonstrating robust and durable efficacy across metastatic, locally advanced, neoadjuvant, and adjuvant settings. Its manageable safety profile solidifies its role as a cornerstone treatment, marking a paradigm shift in the management of this disease.
Cemiplimab, Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma, CSCC, Immunotherapy, PD-1 Inhibitor
Vaccine Hesitancy: A Netnographic Study of 160 Moroccan’s Internet Users
Morrocco, like all countries of the world, has faced recently two great infectious diseases that have impacted human lives; coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and measles. Several actions have been carried out as part of the national plans to rapidly counter these diseases and convince people to get vaccinated as possible, not only to protect themselves but also others. However, many people haven’t been looking for vaccines. Their commitments toward these preventive actions were different, ranging from acceptation to rejection or hesitation, depending to the nature of vaccine that they will get as well as to their social context, which made a looming hurdle to ending both COVID-19 pandemic and measles epidemic, and bring us to make a netnographic study about vaccine hesitancy in these people. This research focused on to how far Moroccan internet users are really vaccine hesitant and why some of them didn’t believe in vaccination. At the end, we tried to give some recommendations to healthcare professionals to how communicate with doubtful people and make them trust in vaccines.
Vaccine Hesitancy, Communication, Netnography, Social Media
Knowledge, Practices and Barriers towards Pediatrics’ Pain Management among pediatric nurses in a Private Hospital
Unrelieved pain among hospitalized children is a worldwide phenomenon for decades as a cause of suffering and decreased quality of life. Understanding of pain has been improved significantly in terms of its physiology and causes, accompanied by advancement in its treatment methods. Nurses play an essential role in children’s pain management process, as they provide care to them. Hence, nurses should be knowledgeable, competent, and efficient in pediatric pain assessment and management. The aim of this study was to determine nurse’s level in knowledge and attitudes towards pediatric pain management at KPJ Seremban, KPJ Ampang, KPJ Damansara, KPJ Selangor, KPJ Tawakkal and KPJ Kajang in Malaysia.
Pain Management, Paediatric Nurses, Assessment, Knowledge, Paediatric
Environmental Indicators of Safety Perception: A Multidimensional Analysis of Spatial Readability and Sensory Inputs
Although architectural space is often seen as a unified set of physical arrangements, it possesses a multi-layered structure that shapes human behavior and influences the sense of security. A person’s experience of safety cannot be defined solely by structural stability or technical standards; perception of space, the manner in which it is experienced, and the behaviors individuals adopt within that environment are essential components of this feeling. Therefore, safety is not only a technical outcome of architectural decisions, but also emerges from the emotional and cognitive relationship between the user and the space. The research examines users’ behavioral responses to a space alongside various design variables. It demonstrates that the elements influencing perception of security encompass a broader scope than previously thought. Legibility, the quality of light, the combination of color and texture, volumetric proportions, and the visibility of escape routes all directly shape an individual’s perception of the environment. When these elements combine with cultural codes and symbolic meanings, security becomes not only a physical construct but also an experiential one. This study combines behavioral sciences, environmental psychology, and phenomenological approaches to address architectural safety as a multifaceted phenomenon. Consequently, safety is not considered merely a design input limited to technical measures, but rather a value that is constantly reshaped in the human-space interaction. This approach, which emphasizes the designer’s ethical responsibility, suggests that safety in architectural production should be addressed holistically and from a human-centered perspective.
Environmental Psychology, User Safety in Architecture, Behavioral Responses in Built Environments, Spatial Perception and Wayfinding, Philosophy of Space / Spatial Phenomenology
Psychosocial Determınants of Risk Perceptıon in Constructıon Workers: A Cultural and Ethical Assessment
The construction industry is a high-risk workplace due to inherent hazards and variable working conditions. How workers perceive these risks is a multidimensional process shaped by technical safety measures as well as psychosocial, cultural, and ethical factors. This study examines the fundamental psychosocial dynamics that determine construction workers’ risk perception and takes a comprehensive approach to the impact of cultural norms, societal values, organizational relationships, and ethical attitudes on safety behavior. The findings demonstrate that risk perception is strongly determined by the cultural structure and social environment within which workers operate, beyond the level of individual awareness. “Fatalism,” “norms of masculinity,” the “master-apprentice hierarchy,” economic concerns, and production pressures stand out as the primary cultural factors that increase risk-taking. In addition, lack of communication, insecure leadership, low ethical standards, psychological burnout, and a weak sense of belonging are critical psychosocial factors that negatively impact compliance with safety regulations. The study also reveals that ethical values play a central role in strengthening risk perception. Respect for workers, fair management, and embracing safety measures as an ethical responsibility increase the capacity to develop safe behavior. Consequently, the need for holistic strategies that go beyond technical measures and include cultural and psychosocial dimensions for sustainable occupational safety is emphasized.
Risk Perception, Psychosocial Factors, Safety Culture, Construction Industry, Cultural Norms
Paraesophageal cyst is an exceptionally rare congenital malformation of the esophagus which is often incidentally found in adults. In this paper, we report a case of a paraesophageal cyst in a 61-year-old man revealed by progressively worsening dysphagia and recurrent chest infections, give a brief overview of the clinical revealing features, and especially highlight the radiological aspects and role of imaging in this diagnosis.
Skin Manifestations in Confirmed COVID 19 Patients; A ShortProspective Multicenter Case Series Cohort Study
Coronaviruses are enveloped non-segmented RNA viruses belonging to the family Corona viridae. In December, 2019, a series of pneumonia cases of unknown cause emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China, with clinical presentations greatly resembling viral pneumonia.
Haglund’s syndrome is a poorly understood mechanical condition resulting from a conflict between a prominent posterosuperior tuberosity of the calcaneus and the shoe responsible for inflammation of the retrocalcaneal bursa, supracalcaneal bursa, and Achilles’ tendon. Clinical evaluation and lateral radiographs of the ankle are usually sufficient to establish the diagnosis. Haglund’s disease is often treated conservatively, surgical excision of bony exostoses of the calcaneus is necessary only in resistant cases.
Multifocal Tuberculosis with Bilateral Adrenal Involvement: ACase Report
Tuberculosis can affect all endocrine glands including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid and adrenal glands. The endocrine gland most affected by tuberculosis is the adrenal gland. The adrenal location of tuberculosis accounts for less than 2% of adrenal incidentalomas. It is the most common infectious cause of adrenal insufficiency. We report the case of a 31-year-old patient hospitalized for confirmed tuberculous spondylodiscitis. The CT scan showed a discal-vertebral damage of the dorsal- lumbar-sacral spine with epiduritis and multiple abscessed prevertebral collections and of the iliac psoas muscle, complicated by a posterior wall recession considered as a dorsolumbar and sacral pott’s disease, considering the context, associated with the discovery of deep necrotic abdominal adenopathies with bilateral involvement of the adrenals involving the body and the internal arm of the left adrenal gland and the two arms of the right adrenal gland, which are the site of hypodense collections.
Adrenal tuberculosis, Multifocal Tuberculosis, Tuberculous Spondylodiscitis, Imaging, CT
Aseptic Necrosis of the Joints, As A Complication of Post-COVIDSyndrome (Clinical Case)
The COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11.03.2020, has stimulated the search for treatment and prevention of this disease in many countries around the world. The rapid phase of the development of the disease is the viral phase, when it is still possible to use antiviral drugs, for example, ivermectin or hydroxychlorakine, and the inflammatory phase, when the virus penetrates into the lower parts of the lungs and enters the circulatory system. This phase of the disease is fraught with complications, sometimes requiring the use of ventilation, and with an unfavorable combination of risk factors - and to death. In the literature devoted to the topic of COVID-19, the term “PostCOVID syndrome” appeared, which describes the defeat of the central and peripheral nervous system, thrombosis of the vessels of various organs, damage to the gastrointestinal tract and skin. We present a rarer complication, however, characteristic of the Republic of Uzbekistan. We will talk about aseptic necrosis of the joints and tubular bones (bone infarction).
COVID-19 Post-COVID syndrome, thrombosis, aseptic necrosis of the joints and bone marrow infarction of tubular bones
Bilateral Renal Artery Aneurysms: about a Case
A renal artery aneurysm is defined as a dilated segment of the renal artery that exceeds twice the diameter of a normal renal artery. Although rare, the diagnosis and incidence of this entity has steadily increased with the routine use of cross-sectional imaging. In some cases, renal artery aneurysms can be clinically telling and potentially lethal. However, knowledge about their occurrence, natural history and prognosis with or without treatment is still limited. The purpose of this article is to review the recent literature concerning renal artery aneurysms, with particular attention to pathophysiology, aspect of imaging, indications for treatment, different technical options, post-procedural complications and treatment outcomes.
Najat Cherif Idrissi El Ganouni Najat Cherif Idrissi El Ganouni
Neck of Femur Fracture in a Young Athlete
Neck of femur fractures in young individuals are rare but potentially serious injuries. They may result from an acute traumatic event or develop from repetitive stress in athletes. Young people with femoral neck fractures generally present differently to elderly patients with many having a longer duration of symptoms and being able to weight bear on the affected leg. Failure to diagnose and treat neck of femur fractures in young people can result in fracture displacement and compromise of the femoral head blood supply, leading to osteonecrosis.
Fracture Hip, Young adult, Athlete, Femoral Neck, Stress Fractures
Type 3-Pancreatic Divisum presenting as Recurrent AbdominalPain
A previously well 8-year-old girl presented with recurrent bouts of upper abdominal pain mostly post-prandial in nature. She was seen on multiple occasions with recurrent episodes of the same and was treated as “Acute gastritis “with multiple courses of Proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Her response to the pain was short lived and re-occurred frequently only to be prescribed again with another course of PPI’s. Her evaluation by the paediatric gastroenterologist showed a Complete blood count, Liver function tests, Serum Amylase and Lipase were all within normal limits. Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy revealed a normal mucosa up to the 2nd part of Duodenum and her biopsy of the Oesophagus, antrum and Duodenum were all normal. Her upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy revealed two ducts of Pancreas which indicated the likelihood of a probable pancreatic divisum. The child underwent a MRCP (Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography) which revealed a filamentous accessory pancreatic duct and a Main pancreatic duct which confirmed the diagnosis of Type 3 pancreatic divisum. She was prescribed oral pancreatic supplements and is being followed up for monitoring her growth and prevention of recurrence.
Recurrent pancreatitis, Pancreatic Divisum, Recurrent abdominal Pain
CT scan Diagnosis of Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome in A Patient with Recurrent Respiratory Infections: About A Rare Case Report
Tracheobronchomegaly or Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is a very rare condition characterized by dilatation of the trachea and main bronchi, bronchiectasis and recurrent respiratory tract infections. The causality of this syndrome is unclear and the clinical representation is variable. The diagnosis is mostly established on the basis of characteristic CT scan findings. We report the case of a 65-year-old female with a history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, that was not initially diagnosed by repeated chest radiographs, but was later identified by CT scan.
Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome, Tracheobronchomegaly, Computed tomography
Prognostic Factors of the Overall Survival and Disease Progressionin Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in India: MiniReview
Lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females and males, carrying the highest cancer-related mortality rates worldwide. Nearly two-thirds of patients present in the advanced stage at diagnosis requiring palliative therapy with chemotherapy and often radiotherapy, giving a variable response, too. Knowledge of prognostic factors might guide in tailoring the therapy in resource-limited countries. Hence, we reviewed the prognostic factors affecting overall survival and disease progression in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients.
Lung cancer, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Prognostic factor, NSCLC
Biventricular Assist Devices for Acute Heart Failure After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Background: Medical comorbidities augment surgical risk of liver transplantation. This is a report of immediate post-operative biventricular failure following liver transplant requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and subsequent conversion to minimally invasive biventricular assist devices (BIVAD) for cardiac recovery and liver graft preservation. Case Report: 66-year-old male decompensated alcoholic cirrhotic with a pre-operative stress echocardiogram (ECHO) showing no significant valvular or coronary disease and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 65% underwent liver transplantation. Transesophageal echocardiogram at the conclusion of the case demonstrated a LVEF of 10% with biventricular dysfunction and severe mitral regurgitation requiring four pressors. VA-ECMO was initiated for temporary stabilization with subsequent transition to biventricular support using an Impella® 5.5 left ventricular device (VAD) via axillary artery graft and a Protek-Duo percutaneous right VAD via the right internal jugular vein, both placed peripherally through a minimally invasive approach. Serial echocardiograms showed recovery of myocardial function. BIVAD were removed on day 8 and day 13. Excellent liver function was maintained. Conclusion: This is the first report of minimally invasive BIVAD used for acute cardiogenic shock after liver transplantation. A multidisciplinary team approach to prompt mechanical support ensured preservation of liver graft while allowing for cardiac recovery
Physiotherapy on Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation PostConvalescence by COVID-19: A Review
COVID-19 could be defined as a infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus, identified in December of 2019, in Wuhan, China. The symptoms more common of the disease are: fever, fatigue and dry cough. Some patients could present pain, nasal congestion, headache, throat pain, diarrhea, taste or smell lost, cutaneous eruption in the skin or hand or feet fingers discoloration. These symptoms generally are light and begin gradually. Perhaps, according the Health World Organization 2021, one of each six infected persons by COVID-19 still seriously ill and develop cardiorespiratory diseases. The elderly people and ones that have other comorbidities as high pression, cardiac and lung problems, diabetes or cancer, have more risk of stay seriously ill. Perhaps, any person could take COVID-19 and remain ill. Persons of all ages that presented fever, associated cough to respiratory difficulty, chest pain or loss of the movements must search the health service more closely immediately. The asymptomatic patients and stable clinically don’t need hospitalization and intensive care. The physiotherapist must do part of the care team, give help in the treatment and recovering.
COVID-19, Coronavirus, cardiorespiratory rehabilitation, Physiotherapy
Twiddler’s syndrome is a rare condition characterized by permanent pacemaker dysfunction due to patient’s own manipulation. It happens knowingly or subconsciously. Twiddler’s syndrome is diagnosed in the first year of implantation. The pacemaker failure is due to lead displacement and loss of ventricular pacing. In this case report we would like to present a case of Twiddler’s syndrome which was diagnosed ten days after pacemaker insertion.
Bardet Biedl Syndrome-Report of three Cases and Review of Recent Articles
Purpose: To report three cases of a rare inherited familial disorder of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS). Study Design: Observational case report. Method: Two out of eight siblings presented in their second decade of life with dimness of vision in both eyes since birth. The third one is the only person of the family presented also in second decade of life with gradual blurring of vision in both eyes and outward deviation of left eye. Detail clinical history was taken. Physical, anthropometric, ophthalmic, psychological examination was done and appropriate clinical investigations were performed to exclude other systemic disorder. Review of recent literatures was done. Result: First two cases were brothers, who were mentally retarded child with delayed developmental mile stone. They were short, obese and had polydactyly, gynecomastia, hypogonadism. Their vision was poor and had retinitis pigmentosa with optic atrophy. The third one was also mentally retarded and had polydactyly, trunkal obesity, atypical retinitis pigmantosa with optic atrophy. They did not had deafness or any systemic abnormalities. Depending on clinical findings they were diagnosed as a case of BBS. Conclusion: The retinitis pigmentosa in BBS is progressive and visual loss can not be halted. So proper rehabilitation and counseling is only the way to help the BBS child and to protect them from being social burden.
The Most Common Ten Diseases in the Dental Department
In this article the author focuses of the most common ten diseases and anomalies that come across our daily practice in the Dental Department of AHT-SA Hospital. The author depended on the statistics, cases reports and active cases of his daily practice. The most registered anomaly “considered disease” in the Orthodontic Department has been the Malocclusion. It’s found out that 94% of the patient who visited the Orthodontic Clinic of A.H. Hospital have had a sort of “Mal-Occlusion”. The other diseases that had been registered had been: the Dental Caries, Periodontitis, Cleft-Lip and Palate, Ectodermal Dysplasia, Dentigerous Cysts, Impacted Third Molars, Mouth breathing “and Snoring”, Diabetes and its dental aftermaths and Finally Achondroplasia. Discussion: This study has used the files, the notes and all the registrations and statistics of the hospital [1, 2]. Despite that the diseases differ in their advent according to the region, the ethnic considerations and the patients’ habits, however, the author tries in summarize the highest registered cases during the period of the latest 18 months within the Hospital. The most numbered diseases in the Orthodontic Clinic have been: