Journal of Global Warming and Climate Change
Journal of Global Warming and Climate Change is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Global Warming and Climate Change. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of Research, Review, Case Reports, Analysis, Magazines, Editorials, Opinion, Communications, Mini-Review, Short Communications, Picturized, Book Review, Video Type and Power Point Presentations (PPTS). Articles can be submitted through online from https://srcpublishers.com/global-warming-and-climate-chang/user/register or can send through an e-mail with attachment for climatechange@onlinescientificresearch.net or globalwarming@onlinescientificresearch.info 0.35 Impact Factor 84.5% Citations 90% Acceptance
Technocratic Green and the Silence of Local Knowledge: The Case of the Bakolori Dam in Sokoto State, Nigeria
This paper examines the tensions between technocratic environmental governance and indigenous ecological knowledge through the case of the Bakolori Dam project in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Conceived as a large-scale irrigation and agricultural modernization initiative, the project was designed to improve food production and stimulate rural development. However, its implementation largely excluded the local farming communities whose livelihoods depended on traditional floodplain agriculture and seasonal ecological patterns. Adopting a qualitative, comparative case study methodology, the study draws on historical records, scholarly literature, policy documents, and documented community experiences to analyze the environmental and social consequences of the project. Guided by the framework of political ecology, the paper reveals how the privileging of technical expertise over indigenous knowledge disrupted local ecological systems, reduced agricultural productivity, displaced communities, and deepened social inequalities. The study argues that technocratic approaches to sustainability often conceal power relations that marginalize local agency and environmental knowledge. It concludes that inclusive and participatory environmental governance that recognizes indigenous ecological knowledge is essential for achieving sustainable and socially just development in Africa
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Global Warming and Climate Change
We Should Adapt to Global Warming, as Fighting CO2 is in Vain– An Opinion
Global warming is under discussion. About 95% of scientists agree that CO² and other climate gases are responsible for it. About 5% disagree. In this article it is claimed that the fight against CO² is and will be unsuccessful and is a loss of money. Non-manmade are natural cycles which occured in the whole history again and again, with high CO² concentrations in the past. Manmade and enormously increasing is technical electrosmog which can heat the atmosphere. CO² is necessary for the food supply of mankind and will be needed in our future.
What is Global Warming and How it can Disrupt the World Economy by 2030?
The long-term rise in Earth’s average surface temperature, mostly brought on by human activity that releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, is known as global warming. It is predicted to cause severe weather-related damage, lower worker productivity, and substantial expenses for food and public health systems by 2030, upending the global economy.
Why is the Ocean Heat Annual Increase Seven Times that of Global Warming?
Errors, in The Earth’s internal heat is leaking into the ocean in amounts that exceed the global warming heat, are addressed. The estimate of global warming is about 0.4°C too low, which causes an overestimate of the time until global warming reaches the IPCC 1.5°C limit. The ratio of the ocean heat content to the global warming heat is corrected. How seafloor stresses may be caused by the increasing temperature differences between the land-ocean and the seafloor is hypothesized.
Bioreceptor-Free Electrochemical Sensors: Mechanism-Guided Design for Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Diagnostics
The rapid expansion of decentralized healthcare, wearable bioelectronics, and environmental monitoring demands sensing platforms that are not only sensitive and selective, but also stable, scalable, and energy-efficient. Conventional biosensors rely heavily on biological receptors such as enzymes and antibodies, which require cold-chain logistics, complex immobilization strategies, and frequent recalibration. These constraints limit long-term deployment and sustainable integration into distributed systems. This work introduces a bioreceptor-free sensing paradigm in which molecular recognition is encoded directly into material chemistry and structure. By engineering interfacial electronic properties, pore architecture, and structural flexibility, sensing mechanisms are designed at the materials level without reliance on biological components. Central to this approach is the development of azine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with tunable core flexibility and curvature for attomolar-level impedimetric glucose sensing. Unlike enzyme-based platforms, the COF operates via adsorption-driven interfacial modulation, where analyte binding alters charge-transfer resistance without catalytic turnover. The nitrogen-rich framework enables controlled hydrogen bonding and dipolar interactions, translating nanoscale adsorption events into amplified electrochemical signals. Extending this philosophy toward circular sustainability, a waste-to-wealth strategy is demonstrated by recovering gold from waste samples and integrating it with COF-coated electrodes for dopamine detection. In parallel, a sunlight-powered topochemical transformation route is introduced for converting MoS? into device-grade α-MoO? macrocrystals, illustrating the use of solar energy as a scalable synthetic tool. The resulting materials are incorporated into biosensing platforms to establish a mechanism-aware taxonomy for bioreceptor-free electrochemical sensing. Beyond analytical performance, these material-centric strategies enhance sustainability by eliminating biological degradation pathways, reducing cold-chain dependency, enabling low-energy electrochemical interrogation, and supporting scalable fabrication through printable, device-compatible architectures. Collectively, this work positions materialprogrammed recognition as a pathway toward robust, energy-efficient, and environmentally responsible diagnostic technologies.
The Neptun Deep Project and the Asymmetric Risks in the Black Sea: Strategic Options for the Romanian State from a Diplomatic Perspective
The theme of this article is the analysis of the asymmetric risks associated with the exploitation of natural gas resources in Romania’s exclusive economic zone, in the hypothesis of an assertive behavior of the Russian Federation in the Black Sea. The main argument is that Neptun Deep must be approached as a foreign policy and security dossier, and the management of the related risks requires an integrated approach, combining international law, strategic alliances, energy diplomacy and internal state coherence. The analysis will follow the strategic relevance of the project, the nature of the asymmetric risks and Romania’s options for action at the diplomatic level, focusing on non-military instruments for managing external pressures.
Saving Smallholder Farmers and Us: The Unexpected Benefits of Very Small-Scale Biochar
Smallholder farmers produce about 30% of the world’s food and are central to food security, especially in developing countries. However, agriculture contributes up to 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and smallholders also generate significant smoke (PM2.5) from burning crop waste. At the same time, many smallholders face poor soils, limited access to fertilizers, and low incomes. Unfortunately, the non-collectability of smallholders biomass means that it will always contribute to climate change and smoke (PM2.5) emissions. Very small-scale biochar offers a simple and affordable solution. Made from crop waste through low-oxygen heating (pyrolysis), biochar reduces smoke emissions and stores carbon in the soil. When mixed with manure, it improves soil fertility and water retention, helping farmers increase productivity sustainably. Despite limited awareness and policy support, small-scale biochar requires no expensive infrastructure and can be produced locally. It presents a practical, low-cost strategy to reduce emissions, improve public health, and strengthen smallholder livelihoods—a clear win–win for people and the environment.
Emerging Technologies in Renewable Energy
The entire world is looking towards renewable energy because of the existing environmental challenges. Advancements in the field of renewable energy is because of the ongoing research for sustainable and eco-friendly. Various persons such as researchers, engineers, and innovators are working to develop new technologies in different areas with the various challenges of changes in climate. The sustainable energy explores new possibilities for energy sources, recent advancements in renewable energy mostly focusing on innovations which has various applications such as electronic industry and agricultural, automobile etc., Most of the exciting innovations shape the future of renewable energy, from solar power to wind energy and role of renewable energy in particular solar energy, emerging solar technologies and innovations have the impact of climate change. Technologies and innovations were identified as broad exploration and solar technologies dominate innovations in the renewable energy sector.
Identifying Factors for Rooftop Solar Deployment: A Comparative Study of South and West Zones in Delhi
Solar energy has emerged as a cornerstone of the global transition toward sustainable energy, driven by the urgency to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. As one of the most abundant and renewable energy sources, solar power has witnessed remarkable advancements in technology, policy support, and large-scale deployment across various regions. India, in particular, has positioned itself as a leader in solar energy through strategic initiatives and policy frameworks that aim to achieve ambitious renewable energy targets. India’s commitment to a 45 % reduction in emissions intensity of its GDP by 2030, compared to 2005 levels, is a very ambitious step (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, 2022)1. Further, the 14th National Electricity Plan (NEP14) aims to double the country’s electricity generation capacity by 2032, with solar energy playing a pivotal role. Delhi’s solar adoption has significantly increased, aiming to increase the state’s solar capacity to 4,500 MW by 2026-27, meeting 20 percent of electricity needs by 20272. The solar policy aims to reduce electricity bills to zero and slash commercial and industrial electricity bills by 50 per cent. Several factors determine the deployment of rooftop solar at the residential level. Some of the selected factors are social factors (age, gender, marital status, educational qualification, occupation, population density, land area, number of members living in the house, number of bedrooms, rented or owner-occupied etc.,) economic factors (household income, employment status, number of vehicles owned, operation and management costs, fuel costs, user costs etc.), policies and regulatory factors (feed-in- tariffs, net metering, subsidies to stakeholders, access to solar leasing, power purchase agreements (PPA), green loans), behavioural factors (social norms, peer influence. aesthetic concerns such as architectural features, degree or extent of public awareness), technological factors (efficiency, advancement, and cost-effectiveness, energy storage, invertors, generators, the life span of PV solar components, replacement costs, conversion efficiency, the potential to support basic appliances such as radio, TV, refrigerators, charging requirements), and environmental factors (emissions associated with electricity generation, recycling of batteries, land use, and degradation) affect the solar energy deployment. The main objective of the study is to investigate various factors that determine rooftop solar deployment in the Delhi region. In addition, the study aims to examine the willingness of individuals to adopt rooftop solar deployment among residents that are without rooftop solar. Finally, the paper attempts to examine factors that determine the degree of awareness regarding rooftop solar deployment. The factors that are considered are socio-demographic, economic, policy and regulatory factors, behavioural factors, technological factors, and environmental sensitivity factors. The hypothesis that socio-economic factors, along with behavioural factors, play a critical role in determining solar deployment is tested in the paper. Reference 1. https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage. aspx?PRID=1885731&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=2#:~:text=India%20stands%20committed%20to%20reduce,by%202030%2C%20from%202005%20level 2. https://www.pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails. aspx?id=155063andNoteId=155063andModuleId=3andreg=3andlang=2
The Presentation Will Be on Kanadevia Inova as a Company and What We Offer as Solutions for MSW Treatment
The presentation will be on Kanadevia Inova as a company and what we offer as solutions for MSW treatment I will touch upon how waste treatment is important and How our projects helped UAE to divert from Land fill.
The Power of Renewable Energy: Driving a Sustainable Future
Renewable energy is central to the global effort to combat climate change and promote sustainable development. By replacing fossil fuels with clean alternatives, we can significantly cut greenhouse gas emissions and create a healthier planet. Studies shows that doubling the global share of renewables could reduce emissions by about 8.6 gigatonnes of CO₂ annually by 2030, especially when combined with energy efficiency measures. Technological innovation is making renewable energy more affordable, reliable, and accessible. Solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal power are transforming energy systems worldwide, supported by policies such as carbon pricing and renewable energy standards. Breakthroughs like perovskite solar cells, floating solar farms, and advanced wind turbines are boosting efficiency and capacity. Energy storage technologies—such as solid-state and flow batteries—are improving reliability, while green hydrogen and smart grids powered by AI are enabling cleaner, smarter energy systems. The United Arab Emirates is a leading example of renewable progress. Dubai’s worldscale solar park and Abu Dhabi’s 2-GW mega solar project are among the largest globally, generating vast amounts of clean power. Masdar City stands as a model for sustainable urban living, while green hydrogen production, Hatta hydro energy storage, and a 24/7 solar-plus-battery project highlight the nation’s commitment to innovation and sustainability. With continued investment, strong policies, and global cooperation, renewable energy can drive a low-carbon, climate-resilient future that supports both economic growth and environmental well-being.
Engineering the Energy Transition: Offshore Innovation, Digital Efficiency, and Sustainability Integration Across Mega-Projects
The global energy transition demands engineering solutions that are not only innovative but operationally realistic. Drawing from multidisciplinary experience across offshore installation, water technologies, MEP systems, and sustainable development consulting, this presentation explores how engineering rigor can accelerate sustainability outcomes in complex project environments. From Subsea7’s offshore installation scopes to Seaway7’s growing offshore wind portfolio, Utkarsh highlights how digital tools, riskbased planning, and installation-driven design principles contribute to safer, more efficient, and lower-carbon marine operations. He shares insights from developing automation tools that streamline time estimation for offshore activities-demonstrating how process optimization directly supports sustainability by reducing vessel time, fuel consumption, and operational uncertainty. The talk also examines sustainability verification and green-building integration through Utkarsh’s work on major regional developments, including NEOM. His experience with LEED, Estidama, and BREEAM frameworks provides a practical lens on how large-scale projects can embed environmental performance from concept to execution.
Agrivoltaics in the Middle East: A Dual Solution for Clean Energy and Water-Efficient Farming
The Middle East is rapidly expanding solar PV while facing extreme heat, limited arable land, and increasing water scarcity. Agrivoltaics—the co-location of photovoltaic systems and agriculture on the same land—offers a strong solution for the region’s energy–water–food challenges. Research in dryland conditions shows that partial shading from PV modules can reduce crop heat stress, lower evaporation, and improve water productivity, while also supporting PV performance through reduced module temperatures. This presentation highlights the high potential for agrivoltaic scale-up across MENA, where suitability studies show strong overlap between areas favorable for agriculture and agrivoltaics. Key regional design considerations will be covered, including shading ratio, structure height, dust/soiling mitigation, irrigation integration, and crop selection, aligning with global best practices for dual land-use solar.
Community Centric Strategy for a Just Energy Transition
As the global energy landscape rapidly shifts toward renewable and sustainable energy, ensuring a just and equitable transition is now more imperative than ever. While technological innovation and investment are advancing energy transitions, these changes are often uneven across regions and communities. However, uneven transitions are not inherently unjust; they can instead present unique opportunities for innovation, investment, and localized development when guided by smart policies, supportive financing, and active community participation. This presentation explores how meaningful community engagement can drive equitable energy transitions by aligning technological solutions with local needs, capacities, and socio-economic realities. It examines the role of inclusive decision-making, local ownership models, and participatory governance in building trust, improving adoption, and ensuring the long-term sustainability of energy projects. By placing people at the center of energy planning, communities can actively shape their energy futures while benefiting from cleaner, more resilient, and affordable systems. Through case studies and practical examples, the session highlights how the three critical pillars—technology, affordability, and policy—intersect to enable community-driven energy systems that deliver both social and economic value. Attendees will gain insights into strategies for empowering communities, fostering resilience, and bridging the gap between technical solutions and social realities.
Characterization & Reliability Challenges of New Generation Solar PV Modules
The rapid emergence of high-efficiency Photovoltaic (PV) technologies - such as perovskites, tandem architectures, TOPCon, HJT, and large-format modules - poses new challenges for accurate characterization and long-term reliability assessment. While these devices promise unprecedented performance gains, their unconventional materials, optical properties, and degradation pathways require significant updates to existing measurement standards and testing infrastructures. This talk presents the key technical hurdles encountered in electrical, and optical characterization of next-generation PV modules, including spectrum-dependent measurements, instability under illumination, temperature-sensitive performance, and the need for advanced solar simulators capable of reproducing complex spectral profiles. Reliability challenges such as moisture sensitivity, ion migration, encapsulant compatibility, and emerging failure modes in larger and thinner module formats are examined in the context of harsh climates, including desert conditions. Finally, the presentation outlines ongoing efforts in international standardization, accelerated testing development, and advanced diagnostics that aim to ensure bankability and field durability of future PV technologies. The goal is to provide a clear roadmap connecting laboratory characterization, reliability science, and global deployment of next-generation solar modules.
Empowering Communities for Sustainable Energy Transition: A Public Health Education and Awareness Framework
Public Health and Epidemiologist Consultant The rapid expansion of renewable energy across the Middle East demands robust public education strategies to secure long-term sustainability outcomes. In the UAE, national decarbonisation targets—including the UAE Energy Strategy 2050 and the Net Zero 2050 initiative—highlight the need for public engagement to complement infrastructure investment. This abstract proposes an integrated public health education and awareness framework designed to enhance community readiness for sustainable energy transition in healthcare and industrial sectors. Drawing on epidemiological evidence linking fossil fuel exposure to respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and supported by WHO and IRENA findings, the framework examines how structured awareness programs improve community acceptance of clean-energy technologies. In addition, pharmaceutical supply-chain organisations—particularly those opera ng under stringent cold-chain and manufacturing conditions—present measurable opportunities to reduce energy demand through training, behavioural optimisation, and digital monitoring. SKY HEALTH Pharma demonstrates how private healthcare entities can act as catalysts for carbon-reduction awareness, workforce training, and green-technology procurement across the UAE. The framework concludes that renewable-energy literacy, curriculum integra on, and community-health messaging significantly improve societal participation in sustainability agendas. This approach positions education as a central mechanism for empowering regional populations to adopt clean energy behaviour and strengthen resilience against climate-related disease burdens.
Embedding ESG and Energy Efficiency in Construction: An Engineering-Led Approach
The construction sector has a significant impact on energy consumption, carbon emissions, and environmental performance across the project lifecycle. As expectations around ESG performance continue to rise, construction companies are increasingly required to move beyond policy commitments and demonstrate measurable, engineering-driven sustainability outcomes. This presentation explores how ESG principles and energy-efficiency strategies can be effectively embedded into construction projects through a practical, execution-focused approach.
Impact of Climate Change on the Agricultural Productivity: A Case Study in Cooch Behar District of West Bengal, India
Introduction: Agricultural systems worldwide are facing increasing challenges from climate change along with localized effects from changes in temperature, rainfall patterns and increases in extreme weather affecting crop productivity and livelihoods of farmers. Objectives: The study has tried to explore the adverse impact of climate change on agricultural production in the Cooch Behar region of West Bengal and the response of local farmers to recent challenges. Research Methodology: The study has tried to show how climate change affects agricultural output in Cooch Behar district, West Bengal through quantitative and qualitative data acquisition methods based on a micro-level case study approach. The study’s area of interest includes in the Terai and the Eastern Himalaya agro-climatic region of Cooch Behar of West Bengal. Due to its high dependence upon agriculture, with many farmers being small and marginal producers using rain-fed agriculture practices, Cooch Behar is particularly vulnerable to variations in rainfall quantity and quality; flooding; and temperature extremes. Results and Discussion: Adverse impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity and its mitigation especially in Cooch Behar district are sought. Suggestions: Use & expand agricultural techniques that are climate resilient, water resource management improvement, supporting climate-smart agriculture, i.e., crop diversification and resilient varieties are suggested. Conclusion: In West Bengal, Cooch Behar's agriculture is facing challenges from climate change; these include altered rainfall patterns, increased variation in temperatures, extreme weather events, and unstable yield. The area's farmers have identified increasing temperatures and changing rainfall as ongoing problems with regards to how they plant, grow, and harvest their crops, impacting food security and their livelihoods
Geospatial Multi-Criteria Modelling of Large-Scale Sugarcane Production Suitability in Taraba State, Nigeria
This study conducts a comprehensive geospatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) to assess the suitability of Taraba State, Nigeria, for large-scale sugarcane production. The assessment integrates eleven critical biophysical and environmental criteria within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, including land use/land cover, elevation, slope, drainage density, soil classification, annual precipitation, and key soil fertility parameters (exchangeable potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH). Data were derived from high-resolution satellite imagery (Sentinel-2), digital elevation models (SRTM), national climate records (NIMET/CHIRPS), and global soil databases (ISRIC SoilGrids). Each criterion was standardized, weighted based on established agronomic thresholds, and combined using a weighted overlay analysis to generate a spatially explicit suitability map. The results classify the state’s landscape into three distinct zones: high suitability (15,697.9 km², 26.7%), moderate suitability (21,043.7 km², 35.8%), and low suitability (22,056.4 km², 37.5%). High-suitability areas are predominantly located in the central and southern regions, characterized by low elevation (<800 m), gentle slopes (<5%), deep alluvial soils, adequate annual rainfall (1,400–1,800 mm), and optimal soil fertility. The analysis demonstrates that integrated geospatial modeling is an effective tool for evidence-based agricultural planning. The resulting suitability map provides a vital decision-support resource for policymakers, investors, and agricultural planners to prioritize land allocation, guide sustainable investment, optimize resource use, and promote the development of a viable sugarcane agro-industry in Taraba State, thereby contributing to economic diversification, rural livelihoods, and food security
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Global Warming and Climate Change
The Earth’s Internal Heat is Leaking into the Ocean in Amounts that Exceed the Global Warming Heat
Global warming began increasing exponentially in the 1940s. However, the annual increase of the ocean heat content now greatly exceeds the annual increase of global warming heat, which is all of the heat that the Earth receives from the Sun. Thermal expansion of the Earth’s crust would cause the boundaries of its cracks to be enlarged. This enlargement is evidently causing some undersea cracks to admit more of the Earth’s internal heat into the ocean. The 50th percentile of 1.5°C global warming is estimated to arrive in the 2030s.
From Waste to Energy to Currency: A Model for Closed-Loop Sustainability in Institutional Communities
Conventional institutions-particularly prisons, military bases, and remote settlements-operate as miniature economies that consume large volumes of food, water, and energy while generating equally large volumes of waste. These closed or semi-closed systems face the same challenges confronting nations: how to manage waste sustainably, reduce dependence on external fuel and currency, and create economic incentives for efficient resource use
A Metrologist Viewpoint on how Maps can support Evaluation of Earth’s Surface Features and Evolution in Time better than Global Numerical Parameters
Global numerical parameters are recently preferred in scientific fields to evaluate Earth’s surface features, namely in climate evolution. However, they may not fully represent the complexity of the issue they intend to qualify. The paper illustrates the fact that the intended aim can be better reached by adding the assistance provided by the evaluation of maps, especially in the case of Earth’s parameters, a method already common in Spatial Big Data evaluation. Additionally, the fact that the map graphical representation is intrinsically mediating a parameter that is always associated with each data of experimental origin, datum uncertainty, so representing a kind of alternative way to model a database. Especially when maps illustrate a great variety of local situations, the visual (i.e., geometrical) examination offered by maps often allows superior information, so a more reliable and full evaluation of evolution typically in time. Cases are reported to exemplify these statements.
Quantification of the Influence of Wind Speed on Diurnal Urban Heat Island Across Climatic Belts in Nigeria
This study investigates the influence of wind speed on diurnal urban heat islands (UHI) across climatic belts in Nigeria using meteorological and remote sensing data analysis. Remote sensing techniques were utilized to collect data such as LST, GPS ground truth points, MODIS & Landsat images, and wind speed data from NASA spanning 20 years (2003-2022). The UHI intensity was calculated by determining the temperature difference between urban and rural areas. Statistical regression analysis was employed to quantify the influence of wind speed on UHI, considering other meteorological variables as potential confounding factors. The results indicate that wind speed slightly increased the UHI intensity in selected cities during the dry season and decreased it during the rainy season between 2003 and 2022. However, the correlation coefficient between wind speed and UHI intensity was found to be insignificant (r = .093, p < .706), suggesting a minimal direct influence of wind speed on UHI variations. These findings contribute to a better understanding of UHI dynamics in Nigeria and have implications for urban planning and climate resilience strategies in the region.
Quantification of the Influence of Cloud on Diurnal Urban Heat Island Across Climatic Belts in Nigeria
The study quantified the influence of clouds on diurnal (day and night) urban heat islands across climatic belts in Nigeria from 2003 to 2022. Remote sensing techniques were utilized to collect data such as Land Surface Temperature, GPS ground truth points, MODIS & Landsat images, and cloud cover data from CRU-TS spanning 20 years. The study covered urban and rural areas in Nigeria, with a sample size of 160 points distributed across eight cities. Statistical analysis, performed through SPSS, showed significant impacts of cloud cover variations on UHI dynamics (F = 7.837, p = 0.012). Diurnal UHI exhibited a significant difference (H = 59.15, P=.001). Urban expansion was identified as exacerbating UHI effects, emphasizing the urgency of sustainable urban planning strategies. The study reiterated the necessity of tailored mitigation plans, considering diverse UHI patterns across cities and climatic zones. Therefore, the study advocates evidence-based urban planning for UHI mitigation and climate resilience. Recommendations include prioritizing green infrastructure and integrating cloud cover and wind speed variations into urban planning strategies.
The Relationship Between Water Quality and Keystone Species Loss in Lake Ecosystem
Keystone species have a significant impact on the lake’s ecosystem, biodiversity management, and water quality. This review explores the complex interconnections between adverse water quality deterioration and loss of keystone species in lakes, with a focus on pollution, fragmentation and climate change. Nutrient pollution and eutrophication are the leading causes of poor water quality and have been a major cause of the decline of keystone species, for example, fish, amphibians and invertebrates that are important in controlling the trophic cascade and organising structural complexity of the habitat. The extinction of these species triggers a series of occurrences that worsen water quality, establishing a feedback loop that worsens problems with ecosystem health and solutions. The study also includes several keystone case studies on species restoration, water quality research, integrated management, and invasive species control measures that demonstrate habitat and community involvement. Long-term monitoring is required to assess the efficacy of climate-resilient techniques, restoration, and species interactions in responding to pressures. Given that climate change may exacerbate such pressures, it is critical to have management approaches and preventive measures in place, such as maintaining climate refugia and improving connectivity within aquatic ecosystems, as well as restoration and enhancement of keystone species in lakes. The findings underline the necessity for a collaborative, multi-stakeholder approach to managing freshwater ecosystems to retain keystone species and maintain ecological equilibrium in lakes.
Time Series Analysis of Black Carbon and Rainfall Pattern in some Selected States in the Guinea Savannah Region of Nigeria
Time series analysis of black carbon and rainfall patterns in some selected states in the Guinea Savannah region of Nigeria was assessed in this study over 40 years (1983 – 2023) using Satellite-derived datasets and images depicting the frequency, intensity, and concentration of black carbon in the region were produced and examined through remote sensing techniques utilizing Earth data resources from the NASA GESDISC data repository accessed via the NASA Giovanni platform. Trend analysis on black carbon and rainfall data from six (6) states (Oyo, Kaduna, Enugu, Benue, and Taraba states) was done using Microsoft Excel software. The lowest level of Black carbon concentration (0.65 µg/m3) in Benue State was observed in 1996. High concentrations of Black carbon (1.09 µg/m3) were observed in 1995, followed by 1.13 µg/m3 in 1990. The lowest amounts of rainfall (1070.63 mm) in Benue state were observed in 2023. A lower amount of rainfall (1619.84 mm) was observed in 2023. The lowest level of Black carbon concentration (0.52 µg/m3) in Bauchi was observed in 1983. High levels of Black carbon concentration (1.07 µg/m3) in Kaduna were observed in 2000 which the lowest amount of rainfall 940.71 mm was observed in 2021. The lowest amount of rainfall (860.34 mm) in Oyo State was observed in 2001. The data presented in this study will be crucial in influencing climate change mitigation strategies, enhancing climate resilience, and shaping policy frameworks in Nigeria.
Impacts of Climate Change Variability on Livelihoods of Rural Households in Agroecological Zones of Taraba State Nigeria
This study examines the impacts of climate change variability on the livelihoods of rural households across the agroecological zones of Taraba State, Nigeria. The state’s ecological diversity, spanning Sudan Savannah, Guinea Savannah, and Montane zones, provides a critical context for understanding differentiated climate risks. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through household surveys (n=1,067), focus group discussions, key informant interviews, field observations, and secondary meteorological records. Findings reveal significant shifts in rainfall onset, cessation, and distribution, alongside rising temperatures, with marked implications for agricultural productivity and rural welfare. Perceived impacts varied across zones, with the Sudan and Northern Guinea Savannahs reporting the highest livelihood disruptions, including crop yield decline, property damage, flooding, and transportation challenges. Decline in crop yields emerged as the most severe impact, while increased temperatures and altered livelihood patterns were also widely acknowledged. Statistical analyses (Chi-square and ANOVA) confirmed significant associations between ecological zones and climate impacts, underscoring the heterogeneity of vulnerabilities. Despite widespread awareness, adaptive responses remain constrained by limited access to extension services, climate information, and financial resources. The study highlights the urgent need for zone-specific, evidence-based policies to strengthen resilience, safeguard food security, and reduce poverty among rural households in Taraba State.
Why Do We Fail to Harness the Benefits of Bio-Fertilizer Use in The Agricultural Production System
Bio-fertilizers and beneficial microbes have been used in crop cultivation systems for the last 6 to 7 decades to minimise the use of inorganic farm inputs in agriculture, but have not transformed agriculture holistically into an organic-based crop cultivation system. The obvious reasons seem to be associated with the developments and transfer of this bio-fertilizer use technology to geographically different areas, where these microbes may be alien, facing soil ecological, soil environmental, and soil biological challenges. In this paper, all such challenges are discussed, which may be useful for further refinement and proper use of this bio-fertilizer and beneficial microbes’ use technology, to have an organic crop cultivation system for healthy food on this globe.
National Environmental Impact Assessment and Challenges: Scoping Review in Ethiopia Context
Introduction: Economic development can have major impacts on the environment by degrading soils, polluting bodies of water, altering landscapes and threatening biodiversity, in some cases driving species into extinction. Under this circumstances, Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has emerged in Ethiopia in the last five decades as one of the primary management tools for protecting the environment as well as social from the environmental threats and impacts. Objective: The aim of this review was to provide general information on national Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), its methodological approach and challenges. Methods: Narrative information were found using the EndNote online search tool, Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Global Health electronic databases, government web sites and reports. The current EIA approaches, Policy frame work, proclamation and Gaps and Challenges of EIA implementation at national spectrum were reviewed under the scope of the review. Result: A total of 42 studies/ reports/grey documents were identified from government web sites(n=3), National proclamation (n=7), Reports (n=6), International Initiatives (n=3), Google Scholar (n=4), PubMed (n=4), Medline (n=3), Embase (n=3), Google (n=6) and Global Health (n=3). Finally, ten documents were considered for the narrative of this scoping review. The review revealed that development programs and projects in the country are not conducted according to EIA compliance, which have the impact on both environment and social. The review also found that there were challenges for implementation of EIA across the countries due to lack of inherent evaluation mechanisms, quantifying impact and attribution gap, lack of awareness, absence of effective mechanisms for process, lack of incentives, problems of capacity, weak political commitment, and weak public participation. Conclusion: Ethiopian Constitution provides a strong constitutional foundation for the introduction of EIA but lack of follow-up about effective implementation of the EIA system. The review advises that the right of citizens to live in a healthy and clean environment and the right to be consulted and to express their views on the planning and implementation of plans, programs, strategies, policies and projects that affect them. The review also recommends that every of project owner should aware about the interactions of development, environment and sustainability while we plan any project within the country
The Role of Harmonized Solid Waste Management in Mitigation of Wastes and Climate Change in Calabar South
The exponential increase in solid waste generation in Calabar South, Nigeria, presents a multidimensional urban and climate challenge, mostly driven by demographic expansion and intensified commercial activities. The current waste management system marked by open dumping, poor collection logistics, and weak institutional coordination proves insufficient. Waste accumulation obstructs urban drainage, leading to severe flooding, particularly during the prolonged wet season. Climate-induced events, such as rising sea levels and erratic rainfall, further destabilize landfills and hinder waste logistics. Also, waste scavengers operating without regulation also interfere with designated disposal systems, disrupting waste integrity, generating odor, and increasing the risk of air and water contamination. The introduction of a Harmonized Solid Waste Management (HSWM) strategy becomes essential to address these challenges. HSWM proposes an integrated approach that promotes waste segregation at source, logistical efficiency, stakeholder synergy, and material valorization. It is a framework that will treat waste not as an environmental burden but as a potential economic resource. Additionally, the framework promotes industrial accountability and localized solutions such as domestic production of receptacles. Therefore, implementing the HSWM model in Calabar South is critical for mitigating urban flooding, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and achieving long-term sustainability.