Editor-in-chief: Jean-Marc Sabatier Professor UMR7051 Institute of Neurophysiopathology Aix-Marseille University, Marseille France ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-5647 SCOPUS ID: 7102018305 Journal of Health Science and Reports we are committed to disseminating high-quality, peer-reviewed research that addresses pressing health challenges globally. Our mission is to foster innovation, share knowledge and promote evidence-based practices in health science. Special Issue Title: Public Health Innovations: Strategies for a Healthier Future The Special Issue aims to highlight innovative research, emerging strategies, and evidence-based approaches that address current and future public health challenges. It provides a platform for researchers, healthcare professionals, policymakers, and public health practitioners to share knowledge and explore effective solutions for improving population health. Article acceptance will be in the form of Research, Review, Case Reports, Analysis, Magazines, Editorials, Opinion, Communications, Mini-Review, Short Communications, Picturized, Book Review, Video Type and Power Point Presentations (PPTS). Articles can be submitted through online from https://srcpublishers.com/health-science-and-reports/user/register or can send through an E-mail with attachment to healthscience@onlinescientificresearch.info 0.35 Impact Factor 84.5% Citations 60% Acceptance
Global Trends in Dietary Supplement Utilization and Prescriptıon-Related Signals: A Review with Exploratory Forecasting Implicatıons for Primary Care
Objective: To characterize global utilization trends of dietary supplements in primary care settings and to develop a forecasting model projecting supplement use through 2028. Material and Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies published between January 2010 and May 2025 (searched June 2026). Studies reporting prescribing frequency, dispensing rates, or consumption trends in primary and ambulatory care were included. Data were harmonized into a utilization index via a seven-step pipeline, and Facebook Prophet time-series modeling was applied to project eight supplements through 2028. NHANES (2007–2023) biomarker data were incorporated to assess safety signals. Results: Thirteen studies were included. Vitamin D demonstrated the steepest absolute trajectory (2028 projection: 1,987 [95% UI: 1,918–2,062]; +34.3%). Vitamin B12 (+38.3%), magnesium (+37.1%), and probiotics (+30.7%) grew fastest, whereas omega-3 (−17.0%) and vitamin C (−24.7%) declined. Excess vitamin D concentrations (>125 nmol/L) rose from 2.2% to 7.6% in the general population and reached 30.6% among multi-supplement users. Conclusion: Vitamin D is projected to remain the leading primary care supplement through 2028, with B12, magnesium, and probiotics emerging as high-growth categories. Rising excess concentrations highlight an evidence–practice gap warranting active counseling. Prophet forecasting requires validation against independent prescribing data before clinical application.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Health Science and Reports
Training in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and in-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Arrest Treated in A Second-Level Hospital in Spain
Introduction: Cardiopulmonary arrest is a leading cause of premature death; it is unpredictable and potentially reversible. When it occurs in a hospital, the patient has a greater chance of survival. Bidasoa Hospital has a cardiopulmonary resuscitation training group and a structured response system for in-hospital cardiac arrest. Objective: To evaluate the training program and the epidemiological characteristics of in-hospital cardiorespiratory arrests treated since 2016. Method: Observational, retrospective and descriptive study. Registration records for CPR courses held between 2020 and 2025 were reviewed, analyzing the type of training received, participating professional categories, course repetition, and expressed satisfaction. In-hospital cardiac arrests recorded between January 2016 and December 2025, coded with diagnoses of cardiac arrest, were also analyzed. For each episode, sociodemographic and episode variables were collected following the international Utstein model. In the analysis of the results, p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A low survival rate was observed (20% of resuscitated cardiac arrests), lower than that described in the literature. This is despite having an effective and widely accepted ongoing training program and an organized response system. Conclusions: The study makes it possible to identify areas for improvement, such as the need to establish a mandatory and standardized record of all cardiorespiratory arrests attended, following the Utstein model; to insist on correct coding; and to reinforce periodic refresher training.
Medical Care Services Becoming Money-Making Machine in Human Society Under Physicians Headship in Today’s World: A Pestle Analysis
In today’s world, people mostly behave with business mentality without considering moral obligations in society. These behavioral changes have been influencing service-market, particularly Medical-care service market which becoming vulnerable year after year. In supplying medical care services, the doctor or hospital receives capitation payments, fees-for-services, risk pool settlements etc. However, today it is probably the most criticized profession in world-economy country-wise such as Bangladesh. Sometimes here doctors’ professional activities are assumed to be related to promotional activities of pharmaceutical products by writing lengthy prescriptions. Sometimes doctors here are blamed for requiring unnecessary tests of patients. Here the existence of “asymmetric information” dominates the medical-care market where doctor takes advantages in multi-faucets. It causes market inefficiency that creates negative economic externalities i.e., deadweight loss. This situation is not just in one country. It is in economy country-wise such as Bangladesh. Today, the global medical-care system is transitioning into a highly financialized, commercial enterprise, with physician-leaders frequently tasked with reconciling ethical patient care with aggressive profit-driven demands. A PESTLE framework analysis reveals that this shift is propelled by corporate lobbying, high-margin economic strategies, and technological integration focused on volume, necessitating regulatory reform to balance commercial interests with patient-centric care. Improving medical education with special emphasis on ethical aspects and soft skills in communication are considered important in aiming to reduce the magnitudes of today’s dilemma in the medical-care service market. Also, strict enforcements of medical-care provisions and ethical code of conduct among all health works can be instrumental. Finally, the answer to the question “Do doctors work for patients or something else, depends on who are asked. But the reflections of today’s medical-care-market in economy of Bangladesh are no deniable, which deserves to be studied further curtailing the magnitudes of the problem.
Trapped Lung and Mononuclear Predominant Exudate with Pleural Cytology Tree Times Negative
Pleural effusions can develop as a result of over fifty different pleuropulmonary or systemic disorders of both benign and malignant etiologies. Consequently, the evaluation of patients with a pleural effusion is challenging since the differential diagnosis is broad. We present a case of a middle-aged woman with a left pleural effusion compatible with mononuclear predominant exudate and ADA level <40 units/L, her medical history includes being a heavy smoker with a history of breast cancer in complete remission, who underwent thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis on three occasions, cytology being negative every time, she had a trapped lung, thoracoscopic biopsy with no evidence of malignancy, was finally diagnosed with bronchoscopy.
Forensic Epigenetic Approaches in Human Biological Samples from Medico-Legal Investigations: A Systematic Review of Public Health
Forensic epigenetics has emerged as a promising extension of conventional forensic genetics, enabling the inference of physiologically and socially relevant characteristics from biological evidence beyond individual identification. In particular, DNA methylation–based approaches have demonstrated utility in estimating age, sex, and lifestyle-related traits, with growing relevance for medico-legal investigations and public health intelligence. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on forensic epigenetic methodologies applied to human biological samples, with a focus on their applications in age, sex, and lifestyle estimation. A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar using predefined search strategies. Study selection was guided by the Population–Exposure–Outcome (PEO) framework, while methodological quality was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Owing to methodological heterogeneity among included studies, a narrative synthesis approach was employed. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. DNA methylation–based age estimation emerged as the most robust and consistently validated application, particularly using age-associated CpG markers such as ELOVL2, although performance varied by tissue type. Epigenetic approaches to sex estimation and biological differentiation demonstrated potential, particularly in resolving complex forensic scenarios such as monozygotic twin discrimination but remain less mature than age prediction models. Additionally, lifestyle and environmental exposures were shown to modulate epigenetic signatures, underscoring their dynamic nature. Tissue specificity significantly influenced analytical accuracy, with blood and semen yielding more stable and reliable signals compared to touch DNA. DNA methylation–based forensic epigenetic approaches represent a valuable tool for age estimation and supplementary biological inference in medico-legal contexts. Despite ongoing methodological and interpretative challenges, these approaches hold substantial promise for advancing forensic investigations and informing population-level public health applications.
Clinico Biochemical Profiling of PCOS: Comparative Analysis of Integrated Serum Biomarker Patterns
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalances, metabolic abnormalities, and reproductive challenges. PCOS is also the most common endocrine disorder among females of reproductive age worldwide [1]. It is a multifaceted endocrine disorder affecting approximately 8–13% of reproductive-aged women [2]. The disorder significantly impacts various metabolic parameters, notably serum glucose and lipid profiles, and is associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The estimation of serum calcium, glucose, and cholesterol levels in PCOS patients provides critical insights into the metabolic derangements associated with the condition, facilitating better clinical management and therapeutic strategies.
Functional Predictors of Academic Performance in Portuguese in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome: A Documentary Study
Down syndrome is a genetic condition associated with intellectual disability, characterized by variability in cognitive and adaptive functioning, directly impacting academic development, particularly literacy acquisition. Evidence indicates that adaptive functioning plays a central role in learning outcomes in this population. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adaptive functioning and academic performance in Portuguese in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. This is a documentary, exploratory study conducted using secondary data from a specialized educational institution (ADID), following ethical standards applicable to this type of research. The sample consisted of 33 participants aged between 9 and 17 years (M = 14; SD = 2.6). Adaptive functioning was assessed using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and academic performance was measured through Match-to-Sample (MTS) tasks in Portuguese. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive association between adaptive functioning and performance in Portuguese (rs = 0.546; p = 0.001), with an effect size of r² = 0.30, indicating that approximately 30% of the variability in performance can be explained by functional skills. Additionally, odds ratio analysis showed that individuals with higher levels of adaptive functioning were approximately 5.3 times more likely to demonstrate adequate performance in Portuguese (OR = 5.28; 95% CI = 1.19–23.31; p = 0.024). The findings suggest that adaptive functioning is a relevant predictor of literacy-related skills in individuals with Down syndrome. The results reinforce the importance of parental guidance and behavioral interventions aimed at developing adaptive skills, contributing to the literacy process. Interventions focused on functional and behavioral domains may support educational planning and promote more favorable developmental outcomes in this population.
The Lived Experience of Emergency Department Nurses During the First Surge of the COVID-19 Pandemic a Qualitative Phenomenological Study
Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of Emergency Department nurses working during the first phase of the COVD19 pandemic. Background: The impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic to the national health care system was unexpected and devastating in many ways. Emergency Department nurses were overwhelmed with very little time to process this situation. Guidelines kept changing for dealing with this pandemic. Registered nurses working in the Emergency Department, as first responders, were called upon to make decisions for which they were not prepared. Methods: A purposive sample of 15 registered nurses working in the Emergency Department during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic were recruited using snowball technique. Data collection was conducted using unstructured interviews. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method which guided this study. Results: Analysis of the data revealed six essential themes: uncertainty and fear; overwhelmed and fatigued; stoicism and resilience; teamwork, ethical dilemma, and spirituality. These themes highlighted the failures in policy to address the health and well-being of Emergency Department nurses as they respond to public health disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic Conclusion: Emergency department nurses were affected physically, emotionally and professionally by the pandemic. Looking at the beginning of the pandemic, effective strategies for future crises should be developed so that nurses do not succumb to the stresses that Emergency Department nurses were confronted during this crisis.
Effect of Plant Products Polyphenols on Human Health
Polyphenols are one group of plant products that have antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, and by which they can protect human health from many diseases. Some of the sources of polyphenols are Apples, Berries, Cocoa, Nuts, Tea, Onions, and Seeds. These Polyphenols since can cross the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) are effective to prevent the neurons from damages from inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. Aggregation and deposition of amyloid-b-protein (Ab) and tau protein in the brain can cause the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Similarly, deposition of coagulated synuclein-protein in the neuron causes the Parkinson’s disease to develop. These phytochemicals can modulate the expression of various gene(s), and act as antioxidants as well as anti-inflammatory agents and protects from the neural damages along with the other kind of diseases like ischemic heart disease. However, there is a lack of enough clinical trials with the food constituents and also yet unknown their mechanism of action against the diseases.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Health Science and Reports
Burden of Presbyopia among Adults Aged 40 and Above in North Mecha, Ethiopia, 2024
Background: Presbyopia is the gradual loss of the eye’s ability to focus on near objects, resulting from decreased elasticity of the lens and weakening of the eye muscles with age. It is a natural part of aging and can affect everyone eventually. Globally, an estimated 1.8 billion people are affected by presbyopia. However, there is limited data on the community-level prevalence of presbyopia in Ethiopia. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of presbyopia and identify associated factors among adults aged 40 years and above in the North Mecha district, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 520 individuals aged 40 years and above from April 1 to May 30, 2023, in five randomly selected kebeles of North Mecha district. Participants were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and clinical eye examinations conducted by trained health professionals. Epi Info version 7 was used for data entry, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with presbyopia. Result: The prevalence of presbyopia was 52.3% [95% CI: 48.1%–56.7%]. Significant associated factors included increasing age (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6–4.8), history of eye symptoms (AOR = 7.5, 95% CI: 4.3–13.1), and knowledge about presbyopia (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6). Conclusion and Recommendation: The burden of presbyopia was found to be high among 40 and above year population. Addressing this issue requires large-scale community-based screening, public awareness campaigns, and the provision of affordable near-vision corrective spectacles through the existing healthcare system.
Capabilities Approaches Applied to the Homes of the Future
The capabilities approach, based on the work of Sen and Nussbaum, proposes a transformation in housing design by prioritizing human well-being over economic criteria. This framework assesses individuals’ real opportunities to develop fulfilling lives (“capabilities”), responding to contemporary challenges such as climate change and urbanization. Recent studies indicate that 68% of architects integrate this approach into sustainable projects (Chen et al., Journal of Sustainable Architecture, 2023, Q1), demonstrating its relevance for creating resilient and inclusive environments. The methodology combines theoretical analysis (UTAUT model for technology adoption and the capabilities approach) with global case studies. Designs are examined that incorporate: Smart technology: IoT and AI systems for security and energy efficiency; Biophilic design: Integrating nature into interior spaces; and Net-Zero Homes (NZEH): Energy self-sufficiency through renewables. Data were collected from projects in Belgium, Australia, and the US, assessing social and environmental impact using well-being and sustainability metrics. We determined the results and discussed the approach using Positive Impact: Smart-technology homes improve autonomy in older adults by 72% (Liu et al., Gerontology, 2022, Q1). Projects such as Savonnerie Heymans (Brussels) reduced energy consumption by 40% through solar panels and thermal insulation, while increasing social cohesion with community spaces. Biophilic design: Associated with 30% less stress and 25% higher productivity; Barriers: High initial costs (up to 20% more than conventional housing) and regulatory complexity limit widespread adoption. Furthermore, feminist and decolonial critics warn that the approach can perpetuate inequalities if it ignores sociopolitical contexts. Conclusions, the capabilities approach revolutionizes future housing by merging human well-being, sustainability, and inclusion. However, its implementation requires overcoming economic and ethical challenges: Accessibility: Universal designs for vulnerable populations. Collaborative governance: Policies that balance innovation, data privacy, and affordability. Cultural adaptation: Integration of non-Western perspectives. Projections indicate that NZEHs will grow by 40% by 2030, highlighting their potential to build equitable and resilient societies.
Effect of Nutritional Intervention During the Sars-Cov2 Pandemic in Pediatric Patients with Cystic Fibrosis in Mexico
Coronavirus 2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, has affected various areas of population health. Because of the risk associated with morbimortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), it is necessary to maintain and control medical and nutritional treatment, which may be compromised in times of adversity. Methods: Prospective observational study, whose objective was to identify nutritional evolution of paediatrics CF patients by anthropometry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anthropometric data of patients from the Cystic Fibrosis Clinic of the Children’s Hospital of Mexico were taken and recorded from the beginning of the pandemic (December 2019) until December 2021. During the lockdown period; medical-nutritional follow-up, enzymatic and pharmacological support, was on-site visits at the clinic, in contrast with others CF care centers who used telemedicine during the pandemic. Results: Data from 54 patients was recollected during the time of the study. In the first period, in 2020, 30 patients were evaluated. In the second period, in 2021, 22 of the first period were re-evaluated, losing the follow-up of 8 patients and 24 new patients were evaluated. Comparing the data of the 2 periods significant differences in z score of BMI and height-age were identified in those patients who received nutritional follow-up during the two periods, in addition patients without dietitian’s advice during the COVID-19 pandemic had more prevalence of short stature. Patients meeting the target BMI and MUAC z score, presented median to strong positive correlation (0.68) for those patients with a MUAC z score greater than -1.47.
Ocular Trauma in Albania: A 10-Year Retrospective Study
Ocular trauma remains a significant public health issue worldwide, with varying causes and outcomes depending on geographic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. This article aims to review the incidence, types, and outcomes of ocular trauma in Albania over the past decade. A total of 284 patients were diagnosed with ocular trauma during this period, with 10% of them experiencing complete vision loss. The majority of cases involved corneal lacerations, which account for a significant proportion of trauma-related injuries. This study provides insight into the types of ocular injuries most prevalent in Albania, offering valuable information for improving preventive measures and management strategies in the future.
Aesthetic Management of an Atypical Lip Malformation - Report of Two Cases
Double lip deformity is a rare congenital or acquired anomaly characterized by the presence of redundant mucosal folds in the upper or lower lip, often more pronounced in the upper lip. This condition may manifest as a cosmetic concern rather than a functional impairment. Though typically asymptomatic, the deformity becomes evident during smiling or speaking, leading to patient discomfort or self-consciousness. The etiology of double lip deformity can be congenital, linked to developmental anomalies of the lips, or acquired, often associated with habits such as lip sucking, trauma, or conditions such as Ascher syndrome. The clinical presentation involves excess lip tissue appearing as a fold or double layer, particularly in the upper lip. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on visual examination and patient history, with no additional imaging typically required. This case report reviews multiple patients who presented with double lip deformity, focusing on its clinical characteristics, psychosocial impacts, and treatment approaches. Surgical excision is the preferred treatment for those seeking correction, especially for aesthetic reasons. This procedure is minimally invasive and generally yields excellent cosmetic results with low recurrence rates. Through this case report, we aim to enhance understanding of this rare facial anomaly and discuss the significance of early diagnosis and intervention. The reports also highlight the importance of personalized care in managing patients’ aesthetic concerns, while ensuring minimal functional impact.
Process Evaluation of School Menstrual Hygiene Management Program at Governmental Primary School in Libo-Kemkem District, South Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia
Background: Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) is now recognized as a definitive public health and development issue, with a substantial increase in financial and human capital committed toward this topic. The package of interventions includes social support, knowledge and skills development, services provision, and distribution of menstrual materials and supplies to schoolgirls. The Evaluative assessment result shows there is interest in evaluating the program implementer, stakeholders, and beneficiaries. Finally, the aim of this evaluation show relevant information, conclusions, recommendations, and program implementation status at the government primary schools. Objective: To evaluate the school menstrual hygiene management intervention program in the government primary schools in Libo-kemkem district, South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia by 2023. Method: A single case study evaluation design using the qualitative and quantitative data was collected concurrently, analyzed separately, and integrated during interpretation. A total of 626 school girls were interviewed to measure acceptability, and 7 KII interviews were conducted. The quantitative data was entered in Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 27 for binary logistic regression analysis. The qualitative data was collected using a tape recorder, transcribed into Amharic, and then translated into the English language. The translated data was coded and analyzed thematically. The final evaluation of school MHM program affordability, availability, and acceptability was judged as poor (<60%), fair (60–80%), and good (≥8 0%). Results: The performance of MHM facility and resource availability among primary schools was judged as good (96.5%), and the performance of its affordability was judged as fair 66.81 %. The performance of MHM program acceptability was also judged as fair 73.57%. However, the overall MHM program implementation status was judged as fair 78.96%. Having fathers who had a primary level of education [AOR, 95% CI: 2.09 (1.18, 3.70)], having mothers who had secondary education [AOR, 95% CI: 2.25 (1.31, 4.03)], having mothers who had college and above educational level [AOR, 95% CI: 3.00(1.50, 5.88)], having mothers who are merchants [AOR, 95% CI: 2.14(1.37, 3.41)], having family members who buy sanitary pads for school girls [AOR, 95% CI: 2.35(1.42, 3.88)] was identified as significant predictors of MHM program acceptability among school girls the district. Conclusion: The overall school MHM program implementation status was judged fair. The performance of MHM program acceptability among school girls was low compared to expected (51.6%). Therefore, health promotion activities should be the focus area of interventions, especially for mothers and fathers who have a low level of education
Influences of Education and Counselling on Prompt Initiation of Treatment Among People Living with Tuberculosis in the Volta Region, Ghana
Background: Education and counselling of people with TB play an important role by instilling an understanding of risk factors and the impact of bad habits, the skills necessary for a responsible attitude to one’s health, self-preservation behaviour, and, thus, initiating prompt treatment to a successful completion — in other words, a cure. Objective: This study attempts to investigate the influences of education and counselling on prompt initiation of treatment among people living with tuberculosis in the Volta Region, Ghana. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional design was employed with 400 participants. Frequency distribution, Pearson’s chi-squared test of independence and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Results: Medication dosage was statistically significant related to prompt initiation of tuberculosis treatment at p=0.002, (OR=3.569, 95%CI ([1.604- 7.942]). Appointment schedules and risk percentages was statistically significant at P=0.000, (OR=4.926, 95%CI [2.335-10.389]). Self-care, communication and advocacy skills was statistically significant at p=0.02, (OR=3.569, 95%CI [1.604-7.942]). Conclusion: The study recommends that patients should endeavour to join the education that goes on during hospital visit for it supports their access to high-quality care, controls their overall healthcare spending and improves their literacy outcomes. It also allows them partner with their doctors in their healthcare journey
Impact of Laboratory Hours on Improving Practical Skills and Clinical Understanding of General Nursing Students at Aldent University
Laboratory hours play a crucial role in developing the practical skills and clinical understanding of nursing students. This study aimed to assess the impact of laboratory hours on improving nursing students’ practical skills and clinical understanding at Aldent University. A total of 102 first-year Bachelor of Nursing students participated in the study, which was conducted between October and December 2024. The students’ perceptions were measured using a structured survey with a Likert scale. The results indicate that the majority of students highly value laboratory hours, reporting improvements in practical skills and clinical understanding. Notably, the study found a positive correlation between the availability of equipment and the improvement of practical skills. Furthermore, most students reported higher satisfaction with laboratory hours than with theoretical sessions, though a concern regarding insufficient practice time emerged. This study highlights the importance of laboratory hours for nursing education and suggests improvements in the organization and availability of resources.