Improvement in EEG-Derived Functional Brain Age During a 4-Week Biophoton Therapy Intervention in 5 Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease – A Case Report

Authors

  • James Z Liu First Institute of All Medicines, 139 Pittsburg Road, Butler, PA 16001, USA Author
  • Mariola A Smotrys Tesla BioHealing, Inc. 111 McCoy Street, Milford, DE 19963, USA Author
  • Audrey Ager First Institute of All Medicines, 139 Pittsburg Road, Butler, PA 16001, USA Author
  • Devin R Liu Tesla BioHealing, Inc. 111 McCoy Street, Milford, DE 19963, USA Author
  • Gu Tesla BioHealing, Inc. 111 McCoy Street, Milford, DE 19963, USA Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47363/JADR/2026(3)116

Keywords:

Alzheimer’s Disease, Electroencephalography, Quantitative EEG, Functional Brain Age, Event-Related Potentials, Brain Aging

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with progressive cognitive impairment and characteristic electrophysiological alterations on Electroencephalography (EEG). EEG-derived functional brain age, integrating quantitative EEG (qEEG) and Event-Related Potential (ERP) features, has emerged as a surrogate marker of neurophysiological aging that may diverge from chronological age in neurodegenerative conditions.
Methods: This report describes a longitudinal case series of five patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease who underwent serial qEEG assessments during a 4-week biophoton therapy intervention. EEG recordings were obtained at baseline and at follow-up time points ranging from 2 to 6 weeks. Functional brain age was calculated using a fixed-weight composite model incorporating posterior alpha rhythm integrity, theta/beta balance, and ERP 
latency measures related to attention and memory, applied consistently across all time points.


Results: At baseline, all patients demonstrated electrophysiological profiles consistent with advanced functional brain aging relative to chronological age.  Across cases, longitudinal analysis revealed directionally favorable changes in multiple EEG features, including normalization of posterior alpha rhythms and shortening of ERP latencies. These changes corresponded to reductions in EEG-derived functional brain age ranging from approximately 3 to 8 years 
over short observation intervals, with variability in magnitude and timing among individuals.

Conclusion: This case series demonstrates that qEEG-derived functional brain age is a sensitive and responsive surrogate biomarker capable of capturing short-interval neurophysiological changes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease during biophoton therapy exposure. Although causality and clinical efficacy cannot be inferred from these observations, the findings support further controlled investigation of functional brain age as an objective outcome measure  for evaluating non-pharmacologic interventions in neurodegenerative disease.

Author Biographies

  • James Z Liu, First Institute of All Medicines, 139 Pittsburg Road, Butler, PA 16001, USA

    James Z Liu, First Institute of All Medicines, 139 Pittsburg Road, Butler, PA 16001, Tesla BioHealing, Inc 111 McCoy Street, Milford, DE 19963, USA.

  • Mariola A Smotrys, Tesla BioHealing, Inc. 111 McCoy Street, Milford, DE 19963, USA

    Tesla BioHealing, Inc. 111 McCoy Street, Milford, DE 19963, USA

  • Audrey Ager, First Institute of All Medicines, 139 Pittsburg Road, Butler, PA 16001, USA

    First Institute of All Medicines, 139 Pittsburg Road, Butler, PA 16001, USA

  • Devin R Liu, Tesla BioHealing, Inc. 111 McCoy Street, Milford, DE 19963, USA

    Tesla BioHealing, Inc. 111 McCoy Street, Milford, DE 19963, USA

  • Gu, Tesla BioHealing, Inc. 111 McCoy Street, Milford, DE 19963, USA

    Tesla BioHealing, Inc. 111 McCoy Street, Milford, DE 19963, USA

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Published

2026-02-25

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3 Issue 1

Section

Articles