Remembering Alzheimer’s Legacy: 110 Years since the Passing of Alois Alzheimer

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), first identified by Alois Alzheimer in 1906, is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. While Alzheimer’s findings were pivotal, Emil Kraepelin classified AD, Oskar Fischer described similar pathology, and Gheorghe Marinescu’s early work on senile plaques contributed to its understanding. Despite extensive research, AD remains incurable, with its pathophysiology still 
under investigation.

Methods: For this historical and medical review, we systematically explored academic databases like PubMed and Google Scholar, prioritizing original works by Alzheimer, Kraepelin, Fischer, and Marinescu alongside modern interpretations. Our analysis covered neuropathological studies, advancements in imaging, and evolving diagnostic criteria while also considering the historical and scientific contexts that shaped their recognition.

Results: While Alzheimer is credited with identifying the disease, Fischer’s 1907 work offered a more detailed analysis of amyloid plaques but was overlooked due to historical biases. Marinescu’s 1892 study on neuroglial nodules predated Alzheimer’s findings but was not initially linked to dementia, while Kraepelin’s 1910 classification secured AD’s place in medical literature. Modern imaging techniques have confirmed these early discoveries, yet effective treatments remain elusive.

Conclusion: Alzheimer’s disease remains one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine. While the scientific understanding of its pathology has advanced considerably since the early 20th century, the disease continues to evade definitive treatment. Reflecting on the historical roots of AD research underscores the importance of continued innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration in the quest for better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.