VPN Usage Monitoring: Investigating User Browsing Behavior While Connected to VPN to Enhance Network Security

Abstract

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are critical tools for maintaining secure communication and privacy. However, encrypted VPN traffic can create blind spots for network monitoring, increasing organizational vulnerability to threats such as data breaches and policy violations. This paper introduces a structured framework for monitoring user activity over VPN connections, utilizing DNS-layer security, metadata analysis, and AI-based anomaly detection. The approach ensures privacy compliance under regulations like GDPR and CCPA. By addressing the dual challenge of security and privacy, the proposed framework contributes to improved threat detection, reduced insider risks, and organizational trust.