Retinal Dopaminergic Activation and Oxidative Stress Reduction Induced by Green Landscape Exposure: Evidence from a Controlled Myopia Study

Abstract

Background: Exposure to natural green environments has been associated with various physiological and psychological benefits, including potential improvements in visual acuity. This study investigates the molecular and visual effects of daily exposure to green landscapes among individuals with myopia in Parepare, Indonesia.

Methods: A total of 250 participants with clinically diagnosed mild to moderate myopia were enrolled from January to December 2024. Participants underwent daily 2-hour exposure to green rice fields and were evaluated biweekly using standardized Snellen chart assessments over a 10-week period. Changes in visual acuity were tracked and statistically analyzed. Ethical clearance was obtained (EC/66891/01/2024).

Results: Visual acuity improved significantly across the 10-week period. Biweekly assessments demonstrated a consistent improvement in uncorrected distance visual acuity, with a mean improvement of 0.2 logMAR by week 10. Molecularly, retinal tissue response to the green wavelength (495–570 nm) suggests reduced oxidative stress and increased dopamine activity, contributing to visual clarity.

Conclusion: Daily exposure to natural green scenery can lead to measurable improvements in visual acuity, potentially via both ocular relaxation and molecular pathways involving dopamine signaling and oxidative stress reduction.