Calculating Electron and Proton Properties Using the Ulianov StringTheory

Abstract

Ulianov String Theory (UST) introduces a geometric and dynamical reinterpretation of the fundamental constituents of matter by treating electrons and protons not as point-like particles but as extended spherical membranes formed by the collapse of imaginary time in a five-dimensional wormholebased framework. Each particle is modeled as an Ulianov String, a chain of N_S Planck-scale wormhole copies that folds into stable three-dimensional configurations capable of reproducing known atomic properties while revealing new internal structures that organize protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus and electrons in the electrosphere.

At the proton scale, UST predicts a structured spherical membrane arranged in onion-like layers, with electric charge distributed over all membranes and mass concentrated at a small point located at the pole of each layer, so that the proton mass may be viewed as a small cylinder. Alternatively, the proton can behave as a hemispherical shell of negative charges with the mass positioned along a circular ring, a configuration that arises when the spherical membrane is cut in half. These features naturally account for the observed variation of the proton radius, its magnetic moment, and the emergence of Strong Gravitational Contact Forces (SGCF), which provide a clearer explanation than the conventional strong nuclear force for the formation and stability of atomic nuclei.

For electrons, UST proposes a rotating spherical shell with Planck-length thickness and a large radius (from micrometers down to 5 nanometers depending on context), with charge spread across the membrane and mass concentrated asymmetrically at a polar point. This geometry simultaneously explains quantum-wave behavior, spin orientation, orbital formation, and electron–electron interactions. Applying these structures to atomic hydrogen, we compute electron and proton geometries that match the Bohr radii, Rydberg energies, and ground-state stability with high precision. The same membrane kinematics predicts elastic electron–proton interactions, UWH clustering, shrinkage of the electron radius, and expansion of the proton radii inside atoms.

We also derive the electrodynamic consequences of the UST particle geometry, showing how the extended electron shell naturally leads to Ulianov’s reformulation of Maxwell’s equations, in which the current density emerges from polarization and magnetization fields generated by shell dynamics. This provides a unified microscopic foundation for classical electrodynamics, superconductivity mechanisms, and electron transport in metals, insulators, liquids, and vacuum.

Overall, this work shows that the UST membrane model of electrons and protons yields quantitatively accurate atomic predictions, including a method for computing the radius and mass of these particles, which no theory in modern physics has achieved. Furthermore, UST clarifies the physical meaning of the fine-structure constant α (with 1/α=137), relating it to the existence of 137 layers in the electron membrane, which reduces the effective electron charge (to 1/11.7 of its maximum theoretical value in UST) and causes the gravitational force between two Planck-mass bodies to be 137 times weaker than the electric force between two electrons at the same distance.

The electron and proton configurations in UST reveal deeper geometric patterns from which nucleon behavior emerges naturally. The proton-neutron structures follow from the SGCF, and each proton configuration (hemisphere or sphere) determines the associated electron configuration (cap or spherical shell), providing a new way to understand and organize electrons in the electrosphere, in an analogy with Russian nesting dolls.

Although this framework differs significantly from how modern physics interprets protons, electrons, neutrons, and the atomic structures they form, the UST model elucidates several longstanding physical mysteries and computes quantities that no current atomic model can reproduce. Even if the theory is not entirely correct, the convergence of so many independent results makes it unlikely that these findings arise by coincidence. Thus, UST almost certainly captures aspects of atomic reality that remain inaccessible to current theoretical models. At the very least, it can serve as a powerful source of inspiration and new ideas for rethinking modern physics and for addressing several open problems that remain major challenges in the field.