Study the cytologic changes In Oral Mucosa of Normal and Diabetic patient using H&E, PAP, PAS and PAS-Diastase Stain

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is the fifth most common chronic condition and the sixth most frequent cause of death among elderly. An estimated 100 million people are affected by diabetes mellitus world-wide. It represents an extreme disturbance in glucose metabolism with severe hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency Objective: The objective of this research was to study the effect of diastase enzyme on the glycogen content of the epithelial cells of normal and diabetic patients in oral exfoliative cytology. Materials and Methods: Ten control subjects and ten diabetic patients (study group) were taken, four oral smears for both control and study group from the buccal mucosa were taken and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain, Papanicolaou (PAP) stain, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain and PAS-Diastase (PAS-D) stain. Results: Glycogen is stained magenta with PAS and was absent on PAS(D) stained slide because of glycogen digestion by diastase enzyme. Such detection of glucose can help in the diagnosis of diabetes. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that exfoliative cytology of the oral cavity, when stained with PAS-D, can be used as an effective screening and diagnostic tool for DM patients.