From Womb to Wellness: The Hidden Link between Periodontal Health and Reproduction

Abstract

This article review explores the hidden link between periodontal health and reproduction, analyzing recent studies that highlight the impact of gum disease on fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and overall reproductive health. Research suggests that chronic periodontal infections contribute to systemic inflammation, hormonal imbalances, and increased risks of complications such as preterm birth and reduced sperm quality. The review critically examines this relationship's biological mechanisms, including inflammatory mediators and microbiome alterations. By assessing current findings and their implications, this article underscores the importance of oral health in reproductive medicine and calls for further interdisciplinary research. Recent studies have revealed a significant but often overlooked connection between periodontal health and reproductive outcomes. This article review examines current research on how periodontal diseases, particularly periodontitis, can influence fertility, pregnancy, and overall reproductive health in both men and women. Chronic inflammation caused by periodontal infections triggers systemic effects, including increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and hormonal imbalances, which may contribute to complications such as infertility, miscarriage, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Additionally, evidence suggests that poor periodontal health is associated with lower sperm quality, erectile dysfunction, and hormonal disruptions in men. This review critically analyzes the biological mechanisms linking oral and reproductive health, with a focus on inflammatory pathways, microbial translocation, and immune system responses. It also evaluates clinical studies that investigate the impact of periodontal treatment on improving reproductive outcomes. By synthesizing these findings, the review highlights the need for greater awareness among healthcare professionals and calls for an integrated approach that includes oral health as a key component in reproductive healthcare. Further interdisciplinary research is necessary to establish more definitive causal relationships and develop effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.