Journal of Diabetes Research Reviews & Reports
Journal of Diabetes Research Reviews & Reports is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC), which publishes articles in the form of written, Video and Power Point Presentations from the arena of Diabetes Research Reviews & Reports. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of Research, Review, Case Reports, Analysis, Magazines, Editorials, Opinion, Communications, Mini-Review, Short Communications, Picturized, Book Review, Video Type and Power Point Presentations (PPTS). Articles can be submitted through online from: https://www.onlinescientificresearch.com/submit-online or can send through an E-mail with attachment to: diabetessciences@onlinescientificresearch.info
The Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in South Indian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A CrossSectional Study
In South India, there’s limited research on dyslipidemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, despite the global burden of T2DM. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of elevated lipid profiles in Type 2 diabetic patients from Coimbatore, South India. The scope of dyslipidemia in this population and its potential implications for cardiovascular health can be better understood by assessing the lipid profiles of these patients. Methods To address this knowledge gap, a comprehensive cross-sectional study was conducted, collecting essential patient information, including the following: age, sex, diagnosis, disease duration, fasting blood sugar levels (BSL), post-breakfast BSL, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, LDL cholesterol (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), triglyceride levels, and any relevant notes or observations. Conducting a cross-sectional study in Tamil Nadu with 100 T2DM patients, we found a high prevalence of dyslipidemia. Results Elevated lipid levels indicate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among the T2DM patients in Coimbatore. This emphasizes the need for effective management to reduce cardiovascular risks in T2DM. Conclusion Our findings call for a comprehensive approach, including vigilant lipid profile monitoring alongside glycemic control, to improve patient outcomes. Addressing dyslipidemia alongside glycemic control can substantially reduce the burden of cardiovascular complications, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. This study contributes crucial data for region-specific guidelines and interventions in South India.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Diabetes Research Reviews & Reports
Occupational Therapy-Based Health Promotion for Diabetes and Weight Management in Correctional Facilities
Background Chronic diseases, particularly diabetes and obesity, are prevalent in correctional facilities. Factors such as sedentary lifestyles, limited access to resources, and high stress contribute to escalating health care costs and poor health outcomes. Occupational Therapy (OT) provides an evidence-based, holistic framework to address these challenges. Purpose This abstract presents an OT-based health promotion program tailored for incarcerated adults managing diabetes and weight issues. By integrating key theoretical models and frames of reference, the program aims to foster sustainable lifestyle changes and reduce the burden of chronic disease. Theoretical Frameworks and Intervention Guided by the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) model, and supporting frames of reference (e.g., Cognitive Behavioral, Biomechanical, and Lifestyle Redesign®), OT practitioners implement a comprehensive approach focusing on individualized goal setting, education, and skills training. The Chronic Disease Self Management Program (CDSMP) serves as an evidence-based intervention to address diet, exercise, and medication adherence. Interdisciplinary collaboration, environmental modifications (e.g., healthier commissary options, designated exercise areas), and peer support enhance program efficacy. Results Preliminary outcomes in correctional facilities that have adopted OT-based health promotion interventions demonstrate improved glycemic control, weight reduction, and decreased medical emergencies. Cost-savings are achieved through reduced off-site medical transports, fewer hospitalizations, and lower reliance on acute care. The long-term impact extends beyond prison walls, as participants develop skills that support community reintegration and reduce recidivism. Conclusion Occupational therapy’s client-centered, holistic approach addresses the multifaceted health needs of incarcerated individuals. By leveraging established models like MOHO and PEOP, and incorporating evidence-based programs such as the CDSMP, OT practitioners empower inmates to manage diabetes and weight effectively. This approach offers significant benefits, including improved health outcomes, cost savings, and a positive ripple effect on families and communities.
In-Vitro Combo Treatments of Human Melanoma Cell Lines (BLM, 1205Lu, WM238) with Curcumin, Steroids and Vitamins
Results of our previous in-vitro studies on the inhibition of human melanoma cell growth by steroids (progesterone (P), RU-486), curcumin (cur) and vitamins (A and D3), gave the idea for a combination treatment of melanoma cells in-vitro. The aim was to study the combined effects of curcumin, vitamins (D3 and A), and steroids (P4 and RU-486) on human melanoma (BLM, 1205Lu, WM238) cell growth and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion in vitro. Human melanoma cells were incubated in a 96-well plate with a single (solo) compound or a double combo of the compounds or a triple combo of the compounds in various combinations. Supernatants were subjected to Elisarray and quantitation of the cytokine IL-8 secreted by the cells. Results from the three cell lines (BLM, 1205Lu and WM238) were compared. Solo or single compound treatment of Cur, P, RU, A and D3 resulted in 40 to 57% of BLM cell growth compared to its untreated control cell growth at 100%. Similarly, 1205Lu cell line treatments resulted in 37 to 59% cell growth compared to its untreated control cell growth at 100%. A double combo of compounds such as Cur+D3, Cur+P treatments resulted in 19 to 42% of BLM cell growth and 17 to 37% of 1205Lu cell growth. Whereas WM238 cell line showed 18 to 22% cell growth. A triple combo such as Cur+P+RU, treatments resulted in 21 to 30% of BLM cell growth and 19 to 30% of 1205Lu cell growth. Whereas WM238 cell line showed 19 to 20% cell growth. Elisarray of the supernatants pointed to the two combo treatments A+RU and Cur+P+RU as having a basal secretion profile of various proinflammatory cytokines by the three cell lines with IL-8 secretion significantly suppressed. Hence, IL-8 in the supernatants of the two combo treatments was quantitated by Elisa. IL-8 secretion by the BLM cell line was 46.1 pg/ml and 31.08 pg/ml respectively in the supernatants of the combos A+RU and Cur+P+RU. Whereas IL-8 secretion by the 1205Lu cell line was 17.5 and 8.0 pg/ml respectively and IL-8 secretion by the WM238 cell line was 0.515 and 0.926 pg/ml respectively.
Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education on Glycaemic Control in Sudanese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Background Diabetes mellitus significantly affects patients’ quality of life (QoL), particularly among women in low-resource settings. This study assessed the impact of diabetes on QoL among Sudanese women attending a diabetes center in Port Sudan, Red Sea State, from 2023 to 2024. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 246 female patients with type 2 diabetes. QoL was assessed using the WHOQOL BREF tool, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results Participants had a mean age of 54.7 ± 13.6 years, with a disease duration ranging from 6 months to 40 years (mean 9.1 ± 7.7 years). Most women (69.9%) reported an average QoL, with domain scores of 56.4 (physical), 62.4 (psychological), 52.0 (social), and 53.2 (environmental). Neuropathy was the most common complication. Key determinants of QoL included age, marital status, education, socioeconomic status, and insurance coverage (p ≤ 0.05). Women using both oral medication and insulin had the highest QoL, while those on oral medication alone had the lowest. Although glycemic control was associated with better QoL, the relationship was not statistically significant. Conclusion Demographic and disease-related factors play a crucial role in shaping QoL among diabetic women. Tailored interventions addressing these factors are essential to improve health outcomes and overall well-being in this population.
Corneal Thickness of Glaucoma Patients in Onitsha, SoutheastNigeria
Background: The assessment of the Central Cornea Thickness (CCT) is crucial in the decision-making process in the management of glaucoma. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the mean CCT of glaucoma patients of Igbo descent, and to evaluate any relationship of CCT and the patients’ demographics. Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional study done at a private eye specialist clinic in Onitsha, southeastern Nigeria. Participants were eligible glaucoma patients of Igbo ethnicity. The corneal thickness of each eye was measured using ultrasound pachymeter. The mean CCT was calculated and its relationship with gender and age was studied. Results: A total of 155 eyes of 79 participants were studied; males constituted 57%. The mean age of the participants was 53.69±16.29years. The mean CCT for all eyes studied was 529.51±35.77μm (95% confidence interval (CI): 523.83 – 535.19μm), while the right and left eyes had mean CCT of 528.99 ±36.16μm (95% CI: 520.84 – 537.14μm) and 530.04 ±35.61μm (95% CI: 521.96 – 538.12μm) respectively. There was no significant difference in mean CCT with increasing age (P = 0.38). The mean CCT were thicker in males for both the right and left eyes, however, these differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.74, P = 0.86 respectively). Conclusion: CCT values of glaucoma patients of Igbo ethnicity is similar to that of the non-glaucoma individuals. There is no significant relationship between age and CCT in both gender.
A New Era in Fitness: Holistic Support for Individuals ManagingObesity
Starting in Q1 2024, the health and fitness sector became engaged through various conference presentations, panel discussions, focus groups, and podcasts-both virtual and live-regarding the potential impact that Anti-Obesity Medications (AOMs) could have on the industry.
Significant Improvement in Sensory Nerve Function withElectroacupuncture in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A CaseReport
Introduction: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by sensory deficits and increased risk of foot ulcers. Conventional treatments often focus on glycemic control and symptom management but do not reverse nerve damage. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture as a complementary therapy for improving sensory nerve function in DPN. Case Presentation: A 56-year-old male with a 6-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and recently diagnosed DPN presented with numbness in the soles. His HbA1c was 8.5%, with fasting blood sugar at 189 mg/dL. He underwent 12 sessions of electroacupuncture over 12 days, targeting points traditionally associated with nerve function and circulation. Intervention: Electroacupuncture was applied to specific points, including St44, GB41, UB60, St36, K2, K3, Sp6, and Sp9. Results: Post-treatment, the patient exhibited marked improvement in protective sensation, vibration perception, and hot and cold stimuli perception. These findings suggest enhanced sensory nerve function and potential nerve regeneration. Conclusion: This case report indicates that electroacupuncture may be an effective adjunctive treatment for DPN, improving sensory function. Further research is needed to validate these findings and assess long-term benefits. Integrating electroacupuncture into standard diabetes care may offer a holistic approach to managing DPN.
Effectiveness of a Short-Term OT-Based Health Promotion ProgramFocused on Improving the Quality of Life and Weight Management
The effectiveness of a Lifestyle Redesign program on improving the quality of life and functioning of the elderly has been documented thoroughly in the [1]. However, there has been little research conducted on other populations such as young and middle-aged adults. As recently as 2008 the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that the medical cost of people who were obese was $1,400 higher than people of normal weight costing a total of $147 billion dollars [2]. Despite this information, the number of people in the US who are overweight or obese has continued to rise. One-third of all adults in the United States are obese [3]. Furthermore, Obesity negatively impacts a person’s mental health and decreases the quality of life [4].
Complication and Assessment of Time Sensitive Tablets InvolvingDesign Expert Software
This research investigated the creation of fast-dissolving tablets containing glipizide, utilizing a Box-Behnken design and direct compression method. The study aimed to incorporate natural super disintegrants such as Plantago ovata seed mucilage and the natural binder Guar gum, in addition to the synthetic super disintegrant cross-povidone. Detailed pre-formulation studies were carried out to verify the compatibility between glipizide and all the excipients used in the formulation. The resulting fast-dissolving tablets were thoroughly assessed for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, in vitro drug release profile, and stability. The Box-Behnken design proved to be an effective approach for optimizing the amounts of both natural and synthetic super disintegrants, with the goal of achieving quick disintegration and an optimal drug release profile. The expected result is a promising formulation of fastdissolving glipizide tablets that could greatly enhance patient compliance, particularly for diabetic patients who have trouble swallowing. This formulation has the potential to improve therapeutic effectiveness and patient ease in managing diabetes.
Crossed Nerve Palsies in Sinonasal Mucormycosis: A Diabetic’sFacial-Hypoglossal Puzzle
Introduction: Sinonasal mucormycosis is an acute invasive fungal infection of the nose and paranasal sinuses, which is rare, opportunistic and potentially fatal, occurring in both normal and immunocompromised individuals. Uncontrolled diabetics and immunocompromised patients are more prone to this invasive fungal infection. Sinonasal mucormycosis is approximately 1.7 cases per 1,000,000 inhabitants per year. Incidence of VII Cranial nerve palsy is 11% in these cases, and coexistence of ipsilateral Facial nerve and contralateral hypoglossal nerve is not documented in existing literature. Case Report: A 53-year-old woman was diagnosed with Sinonasal Mucormycosis with extension to the skull base and Infratemporal fossa with involvement of ipsilateral facial nerve palsy and contralateral hypoglossal nerve palsy, in the setting of newly diagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. She was promptly started on Liposomal Amphotericin-B and underwent “Endoscopic trans-nasal trans-maxillary trans-pterygoid debridement”. Conclusion: Mucormycosis is a rare condition that is still fatal in the era of medical and surgical advancements. A combination of endoscopic surgical debridement followed by intravenous Amphotericin B therapy is quintessential in the management of such patients and has less morbidity compared with conventional treatment. Rare presentations like multiple cranial nerve palsy, which would otherwise raise the suspicion onwards granulomatous disease, need to be scrutinised and aspects ruled out in effective treatment of patients.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Diabetes Research Reviews & Reports
Atypical Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Young Male: Lessonsfor Early Detection in Primary Care
Early diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is critical to preventing long-term complications, but atypical presentations can make recognition challenging. This case report presents a 40-year-old male with subtle symptoms of fatigue and blurred vision, absent the hallmark signs of polyuria or polydipsia, leading to a delayed diagnosis of T2DM. Risk factors, including obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and a positive family history, were key clues to identifying the disease. Through a multidisciplinary approach combining lifestyle modification and metformin therapy, the patient achieved significant improvements in glycemic control and overall health within three months. This report emphasizes the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion in family medicine to identify atypical presentations and highlights how early intervention can dramatically alter patient outcomes
An Animal Model for the Study of Compressive (Constrictive) CervicalRadiculopathy
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the basis for the clinical and anatomical findings associated with C7 cervical radiculopathy in an animal model. In the diabetic population cervical radiculopathy is particularly more severe and symptomatic, especially C7. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of 10 each. In each group, the nerve roots of C4, C5, C6, C7 and cervical plexus were exposed under the operating microscope with general anesthesia with pentobarbital and ketamine. Group 1 served as the sham operation group. In groups II-VI, different cervical roots were exposed and ligated by using 9.0 nylon at the point where they emerged from the foramina. In Group II C5, C6, and C7 were exposed and ligated, in Group III C4 was litigated, in Group IV C5 was ligated, in Group V C6 was ligated, and in Group VI C7 was ligated. Results: After six weeks of ligation Groups III, IV and V improved and the allodynia completely resolved. In Groups II and VI improvement was noted but never recovered to the level of the other groups. Allodynia and hypoesthesia persisted throughout the study period. Conclusion: Ligation of cervical roots independently or in combination can produce syndromes that resemble human CRPS I and II (International Association for Study of Pain Criteria), but the changes are more pronounced and persistent with C7 involved primarily or in combination with other roots
Progressive Blood Morphology Restoration in a Diabetic Patient Using Biophoton Therapy: A Live Blood Cell Analysis Over SixWeeks
Diabetes Mellitus is associated with increased blood viscosity, oxidative stress, and compromised microcirculation. In this observational study, live blood cell imaging under dark-field microscopy was used to monitor hematologic changes in a patient with type 2 diabetes treated with four strong biophoton generators over a six-week period. Progressive improvements were observed in red blood cell (RBC) morphology, dispersion, oxidative debris clearance, and immune homeostasis. By Week 6, the patient’s blood profile exceeded baseline morphology norms, suggesting systemic rejuvenation. This study highlights the potential of biophoton therapy to reverse microvascular dysfunction and restore bioenergetic balance in diabetic individuals.
The Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in South Indian Type 2 DiabetesMellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Objective: In South India, there's limited research on dyslipidemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, despite the global burden of T2DM. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of elevated lipid profiles in Type 2 diabetic patients from Coimbatore, South India. The scope of dyslipidemia in this population and its potential implications for cardiovascular health can be better understood by assessing the lipid profiles of these patients. Methods: To address this knowledge gap, a comprehensive cross-sectional study was conducted, collecting essential patient information, including the following: age, sex, diagnosis, disease duration, fasting blood sugar levels (BSL), post-breakfast BSL, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, LDL cholesterol (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), triglyceride levels, and any relevant notes or observations. Conducting a cross-sectional study in Tamil Nadu with 100 T2DM patients, we found a high prevalence of dyslipidemia. Results: Elevated lipid levels indicate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among the T2DM patients in Coimbatore. This emphasizes the need for effective management to reduce cardiovascular risks in T2DM. Conclusion: Our findings call for a comprehensive approach, including vigilant lipid profile monitoring alongside glycemic control, to improve patient outcomes. Addressing dyslipidemia alongside glycemic control can substantially reduce the burden of cardiovascular complications, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. This study contributes crucial data for region-specific guidelines and interventions in South India. Main Points • Novel Demographic Representation: This study offers new insights into the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Type 2 diabetes patients from a hospital associated with a public charitable trust in Coimbatore, South India. This setting provides a unique perspective due to its diverse range of patients from various socioeconomic and demographic backgrounds, which enhances the generalizability of the findings. • Gap in Existing Research: There is limited research on dyslipidemia in rural South Indian populations. This study addresses this critical gap by focusing on a previously underrepresented demographic group, rural South Indians, thereby contributing valuable data to the existing body of knowledge on the prevalence and management of dyslipidemia in this region. • High Prevalence of Dyslipidemia: This study reveals a significant prevalence of dyslipidemia among the Type 2 diabetic patients in Coimbatore, highlighting the urgency of integrating effective lipid management strategies alongside diabetes care to mitigate cardiovascular risks and improve patient health outcomes. • Implications for Regional Guidelines: The findings call for tailored regional guidelines and interventions in rural South Indian patients. The data highlights the need for comprehensive lipid profile monitoring in addition to glycemic control to address cardiovascular risks effectively in this specific population.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Diabetes Research Reviews & Reports
Factors Associated with Mortality in Patients Affected by Covid-19
Objective: To investigate the clinical conditions and sociodemographic characteristics associated with mortality due to COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic in an intensive care unit in a capital city in northeastern Brazil. Method: This was an exploratory, retrospective documentary study based on secondary data obtained from medical records of patients admitted to an intensive care unit of a public hospital in northeastern Brazil. Data collection occurred between July and September 2021. The data were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. The chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t test, and binary logistic regression modeling were employed. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 274 patients, predominantly male, mixed-race, and aged over 65 years, were included. The variables male sex, age 65 years or older, marital status (married), and length of hospital stay were significantly associated with clinical outcomes. Logistic regression analysis revealed that male individuals, those aged 65 years or older, those requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, and patients in the prone position had higher odds of mortality as an outcome. Conclusions: Observing the factors associated with mortality outcomes in patients affected by novel coronavirus infection can aid healthcare professionals and public health managers in decision-making.
Fabiana Maria Rodrigues Lopes de Oliveira
A Tablet as an Environment for Investigation of the Reactions in the Solid States
Objective In this study, a tablet’s matrix was considered a solid environment to investigate the reactions in the solid states. The tendency of molecules to each other and their interaction in the solid state was studied through the advent of impurities in the tablet caused by the interaction of the active pharmaceutical ingredient with an excipient. Significance Investigation of solid-state reactions and their prediction in the matrix of tablets will reveal the possible appearance of impurities in pharmaceutical dosage forms and help formulators prevent impurities in drug products. Methods Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to predict the interaction between Gliclazide as a secondary amine and Lactose in the manufactured powders. The infrared spectra of binary mixtures of Gliclazide with Lactose at different weight ratios were recorded and the obtained data matrix was analyzed with PCA. High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used for the identification and quantification of the impurity. Results The incompatibility was seen theoretically by PCA and also experimentally by HPLC. A kinetic model was proposed for this solid-state reaction in the tablets. The presence of some excipients was investigated on the appearance of the impurity and also on the kinetics of the reaction. This reaction was faster when Hydroxy propylmethylcellulose (HPMC) was present in the tablet formulation. Conclusion The chemical reaction in a tablet could be considered as a solid-state reaction. This reaction was predicted and modeled and the effect of the matrix of the tablet was investigated on the reaction.
Diabetes Mellitus as a Disease and its Current Scenario - A Review
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic heterogeneous common metabolic disorder and a group of insulin resistance syndrome characterized by elevated blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia with complex pathogenesis. Diabetes mellitus results from abnormalities in either insulin secretion or insulin action or both. In current scenario Diabetes Mellitus is detected all over the world and a leading cause of death worldwide. This review includes different sections including classification, Clinical manifestation and complications, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and its relation with COVID-19. The common signs & symptoms observed in Diabetes Mellitus are Fatigue Polyphagia, Polydipsia, polyuria, vomiting, and dehydration. This disorder is mainly caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells and because of that it becomes autoimmune disorders. Some genetic factors, prior family history, environmental factors, autoimmune destruction and high insulin resistance increase the risk of the development of diabetes mellitus. In COVID-19-infected patients the Diabetes mellitus increases the significant complications and mortality rate.
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Protection in Obesity and Type2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly recognised as dual-action therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes, with emerging evidence of cardiovascular protection. Despite widespread use, uncertainty remains regarding long-term efficacy, safety, and potential publication bias across trials. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of major randomised controlled trials, including weight-loss studies and cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs). Data were pooled for weight reduction, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and treatment discontinuation due to adverse events. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses assessed the influence of trial design, dose, and sponsorship. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s tests. GLP-1 RAs produced substantial and durable weight reduction, particularly at higher doses and with longer treatment durations. Consistent reductions in MACE were observed across diverse populations, reinforcing their cardioprotective role. Gastrointestinal adverse events were the primary driver of treatment discontinuation, but serious adverse events were not consistently increased. Safety concerns regarding pancreatitis, thyroid cancer, or neoplasia were not supported by current evidence, though gallbladder events were more frequent in select trials. Funnel plots suggested modest asymmetry in weight-loss studies, largely reflecting small-study effects; however, sensitivity analyses excluding high-risk or industry-sponsored trials confirmed the robustness of findings. GLP-1 RAs provide a favourable benefit–risk profile, combining clinically meaningful weight loss with cardiovascular protection. Their integration into clinical practice has transformative potential for obesity and diabetes management. Future research should clarify long-term safety signals, optimise dosing strategies, and evaluate real-world effectiveness to guide equitable access and sustainable implementation.
Efficacy of School-Based Life Skill Training to Boost MentalHealth Status and Well-Being of Young People
This study aims to assess the efficacy of school-based life skills training on mental health status and wellbeing of young people. A classical experimental research design with control group and random sampling method were used. The study population comprises 720 school going young people (both girls and boys in the age group of 16 to 19yrs) from six higher secondary schools in Ernakulam Educational district of Kerala, India. The respondents were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed written consent was obtained from the participants prior to the study. The respondents weresequentially assigned into intervention group and control group with 360 each for determining the effect of the intervention comparatively. The standard tools administered to evaluate the mental health status and wellbeing in three-time lines are: GHQ-28 and WEMWS-14 respectively. Researcher conducted life skills training to the intervention group after pre- intervention. The same assessment tools were administered for post-intervention (one – three months) and follow -up intervention (six- nine months) to evaluate the impact of intervention on mental health and well-being. The current version of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data and correlations were obtained. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RMANOVA) was performed to test whether there is any significant effect due to intervention in the scores. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the equality of baseline scores of various components. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics in three-time lines under different sections. The result shows that there was highly significant intervention effect between the scores of mental health status and wellbeing. The p value is less than 0.05 (normal value) the null hypothesis rejected and alternate hypothesis accepted i.e., intervention is effective.
Use of Technology in the Management and Treatment of Prediabetes,A New Era: A Case Report Series
Introduction: The escalating prevalence of prediabetes has positioned it as a silent precursor to a looming public health crisis, particularly as it paves the way for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This case series report explores the transformative role of technology, specifically the Sugar Fit’s Diabetes Reversal and Management Program (SDRMP), in the treatment and management of prediabetic patients. Methods: The case series follows the progress of two patients aged 31-44 with prediabetes utilizing the SDRMP to prevent the progression to diabetes. The interventions for both patients involved continuous glucose monitoring, personalized nutrition plans, fitness strategies, and behavioral modifications. The patients also engaged in regular communication with their life coaches through the Sugar Fit application, ensuring ongoing support and adherence to the program. Results: The results revealed significant improvements in glycemic control, lipid profiles, and overall well-being. The first patient, a 44-year-old male, demonstrated a successful return to normal glycemic control in 177 days through a comprehensive approach involving dietary changes, exercise, and lifestyle modifications. The second patient, a 31-year-old male, achieved normal glycemic control in a comparable timeframe, showcasing the effectiveness of the SDRMP. Discussion and Conclusion: These cases demonstrate that patients were able to adhere to the goals of care, preventing the progression of prediabetes to diabetes and improving insulin resistance. The study also underscores the potential impact of technology on public health outcomes, bridging the gap between traditional interventions and the evolving needs of a tech-savvy population. The synergy between healthcare expertise and technological innovation not only arrests the progression of prediabetes but also contributes to a broader societal shift towards metabolic well-being, paving the way for a healthier future. Future monitoring is essential to ensure the maintenance of lifestyle modifications and continued success in preventing diabetes.
Different organizations have used different criteria to define prediabetes. In order to define prediabetes, the World Health Organization (WHO) use two specific parameters: Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT), Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). A person who has impaired glucose tolerance or fasting glucose and at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes is said to have prediabetes. Changes in lifestyle, such as losing weight and exercising or taking metformin is considered as the first line treatments for prediabetes. Nearly 8% of the world’s population is expected to have prediabetes by 2040, and 70% of those people will eventually develop type 2 diabetes. Before fully developing diabetes, most people go through a stage of prediabetes. HbA1c or fasting plasma glucose should be used to screen for diabetes in people over 40 and other high-risk individuals. Despite its preventable nature, prediabetes often goes undiagnosed, leading to delayed interventions that can result in long-term health complications. This underscores the importance of widespread awareness, effective screening methods, and access to healthcare resources for early diagnosis and management. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests a link between prediabetes and cognitive decline, indicating that the ramifications of this condition extend beyond physical health. This short overview speaks about risk factors, diagnosis and therapy of prediabetes.
Evaluation of the Effects of Non-Invasive Auricular AcupointStimulation on Postprandial Blood Glucose Regulation using aCGM Device
Background: Postprandial blood glucose regulation is critical for diabetes management. Non-invasive auricular acupoint stimulation may influence metabolic functions through the autonomic nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate its effects on postprandial glucose regulation using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM). Methods: Thirteen healthy Japanese adults (10 males, 3 females) had 1.5 mm gold beads applied to six acupoints. Glucose levels were monitored over seven days using CGM. Key metrics included postprandial peak, 2-hour glucose levels, time to peak, and normalization time. Results: Auricular acupoint stimulation reduced time to glucose peak after breakfast (-14.6 min, p = 0.01) and glucose normalization time for breakfast and lunch combined (-20.8 min, p = 0.04). A significant reduction in 2-hour postprandial glucose was observed after lunch (-10.8 mg/dL, p = 0.03). No significant effect was found on peak glucose levels. Conclusion: Auricular acupoint stimulation may promote postprandial glucose normalization, particularly after breakfast and lunch, and could serve as a complementary approach to glucose management.
The Case for Strategic Integration of Diabetes Education in SouthernNigeria, Informed by Insights from a Pilot Study
The surge in diabetes cases affecting 3.6 million individuals in Nigeria demands a proactive response. Despite the high prevalence, the current Nigerian model is reactive leading to delayed treatment, heightened complications, elevated healthcare expenses, and diminished quality of life. This document proposes the solution of integrating culturally adapted Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) programs into Nigerian health policy as standard practice. Additionally, it recommends establishing diabetes educator training programs and a nationwide accreditation process. The development of such a program, in collaboration with the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, is outlined, highlighting both successes and failures during its initial implementation. These insights emphasize the importance of enhanced collaboration, sustainable funding, and a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation framework. These observations are currently driving ongoing program development.
Depression, Anxiety and the Discomfort in the Chest: TheContribution of Anguish for Mental Health
The following research aimed to show differences between patients with and without anguish in terms of symptomatology and comorbidities and to find out whether patients with depression and with anxiety have more anguish than patients who do not have depression and anxiety. A statistical analysis was carried out, which included a descriptive analysis that followed the verification of the distributions of the variables of the questionnaires in the groups, and an inferential analysis in which it was the dimension of some questionnaires was reduced and latent variables were constructed, possibly more discriminative in relation to the groups, and the variables with the greatest predictive power for anguish were identified. The variables that most showed relationships with anguish were the following: Gender, Reduced Hamilton Score, BSI Somatization, age and MINI Depression.
Unilateral Sensorineural Deafness Contemporary Aspects ofEtiopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) affects people of any age, can present as an acute or progressive process, and can range from mild to profound. Although the vast majority of cases have an unknown cause, known causes of unilateral SNHL must be excluded, including neoplasms, stroke, demyelinating and autoimmune diseases, infections, trauma, perilymphatic fistula and Meniere's disease.
Risk Factors for Diabetic Macular Edema-An Overview
Diabetes mellitus is one of our century's most common general health problems. By determining multiple systemic complications, this disease alters diabetic patient’s quality of life, while also increasing the mortality rate. One of the most frequent and life-impacting complications is represented by diabetic macular edema and diabetic retinopathy, as they determine visual impairment and increase the risk of blindness. This review aims to evaluate the most important risk factors associated with the development of these pathologies
Predictors of Insulin Therapy Requirement in Gestational Diabetes:A Cohort Study
Managing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) typically involves a combination of dietary control and/or Antenatal Insulin Therapy (AIT). The aim ofthis study was to evaluate the efficiency of diverse maternal characteristics and biological indicators identified during GDM diagnosis in anticipating therequirement for AIT to achieve glucose targets. It is a retrospective longitudinal study that included women diagnosed with GDM. A cohort of 380 women was examined, and a range of demographic and medical variables were evaluated. The average age in our patient group was 34 ± 5 years, ranging from 20 to 46 years. Among them, 73% needed AIT, while 100 patients achieved glycemic goals solely through Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT). Notably, those requiring insulin had prior history of obesity (24%), gestational diabetes (12%), and macrosomia (18%) (p=10-3). The average hemoglobin level was 12.4 g/dl, and none of our patients were anemic. Patients meeting glycemic targets via MNT had higher total carbohydrate intake upon GDM diagnosis (p=0.02). Those necessitating AIT were diagnosed at an average gestational age (GA) of 24±6 weeks, significantly earlier than the 25±6 weeks observed in patients following MNT (p < 10-3). Recognizing the diverse spectrum of glucose intolerance severity among women with GDM necessitates a stratified classification for management strategies. Notably, a higher HbA1C at diagnosis signals the potential need for intensified monitoring by specialized healthcare providers.
Management of Diabetes in Children: A Comprehensive Reviewof Treatment Modalities and their Efficacy
Diabetes in children, primarily Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), presents unique management challenges and necessitates a multifaceted approach. Thisreview explores the current strategies in the management of paediatric diabetes, including insulin therapy, dietary management, technological advancementslike Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) and insulin pumps, as well as emerging therapies. The efficacy, benefits, and limitations of each modality are discussed, providing a thorough understanding of paediatric diabetes care. Effective management of diabetes in children and adolescents is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. By addressing the multifaceted challenges with tailored strategies, healthcare providers can significantly improve the outcomes and quality of life for young individuals with diabetes. Through collaborative efforts that include technology, education, psychological support, and strategic healthcare planning, it is possible to navigate these challenges successfully.
Evaluation of the Role of Prolactin in the Prevention of DiabeticRetinopathy
Aim: Investigating the potential role of prolactin in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy Methods: The study was conducted on 90 diabetic patients who were divided into a group that included 37 patients without retinopathy and a group that included 27 patients with non-proliferative retinopathy and 26 patients with proliferative retinopathy who attended the Endocrinology clinic and Division at Tishreen University Hospital in Lattakia during the period from 2023 to 2024. Results: Independent samples T-test analysis showed Significant decreased in prolactin level in diabetic patients with DR in comparison to diabetic patients without DR (p=0.0001). Person correlation showed a statistically significant inverse relationship between prolactin levels and Glycosylated hemoglobin levels between patient groups. Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that diabetic patients with retinopathy had lower level of prolactin and serum prolactin does seem to have protective role in diabetic retinopathy.
Study of Platelet Indices as a Predictive Parameter for DiabeticComplications in Type II Diabetes Mellitu-A Cross Sectional Study
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a prothrombotic state with enhanced platelet activity. The enhanced platelet activity may result in the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Platelet indices i.e. Mean Platelet volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) are routinelyavailable in alllaboratories and can be used to study as a prognostic marker for the patients. Aim: To evaluate platelet indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods and Material: Cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at a tertiary care centre over a period of 18 months. Samples of 120 patients of type 2 diabetes with and without complicationswere investigated. Haematological (platelet count and platelet indices i.e. Mean plateletindices and Platelet distribution width) and biochemical parameters (Fasting blood sugar and HbA1c) were compared between diabetic patients with andwithout complications. Platelet indices were measured using automated haematology analyser. Statistical evaluation was performed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: In DM with complication17 (28.33%) out of 60 cases were between the age group of 51-60 years, 14 (23.33%) out 60 belonged to the age groupof 61-70 years and 12 (20%) patients were >70 years of age. The mean platelet volume was 12.74±3.076 and 8.65±1.58 for diabetes with and withoutcomplications. The mean platelet distribution width was 15.54 and 13.94±2.66 for diabetes with and without complications. The mean HbA1c was 8.33 and6.75 for diabetes with and without complications. The mean platelet count was 3.12 Lac/mm3 and 2.45 Lac/mm3 for diabetes with and without complications.The mean fasting blood sugar was 219.65 and 109.96 for diabetes with and without complications. Conclusion: Diabetes is responsible for endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity. In our study, diabetic patients with uncontrolled glycaemic indexand raised fasting blood sugar level had raised platelet indices in comparison to patients without complication where the platelet count, platelet indiceslevel and glycaemic index were within normal limits. These indices can also be used as a prognostic tool.