Journal of Drugs Addiction & Therapeutics
Journal of Drugs Addiction & Therapeutics is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Drugs Addiction & Therapeutics. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of Research, Review, Case Reports, Analysis, Magazines, Editorials, Opinion, Communications, Mini-Review, Short Communications, Picturized, Book Review, Video Type and Power Point Presentations (PPTS). Articles can be submitted through online from https://www.onlinescientificresearch.com/submit-online or can send through an e-mail with attachment for therapeutics@onlinescientificresearch.info
I focus on drug distribution in the U.S. because it is distribution that initiated the drug overdose epidemic. Currently, drug prescriptions in the U.S. are managed at the state level. As a result, there are fifty state records that have to be collected. I also propose that TV advertisement of prescription drugs should be stopped. It moves control of prescriptions to patients rather that medical staff. I propose that drug distribution in the U.S. be centralized. That is, law enforcement, regulatory affairs, science and licensing be consolidated into a single function. That would not only streamline data collection, it would provide a multidisciplinary approach to problem solving and generate new ideas more freely. It would provide a Team approach to drug management. Finally, I look forward to answering the questions, why did the deathrate increase and why has it begun to decrease?
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Drugs Addiction & Therapeutics
The Autobiographic Art Therapy Protocol (AATP) to Support Clients during Drug Detoxification
Context: The AATP protocol was developed at the Methadone Clinic, in the Dept of Psychiatry of Muhimbili University, Tanzania, during the years 2019-2021. The Clinic was not residential and the risk of relapse was very high (over 50%). Approach: This protocol is based on the concept of narrative therapy, using non-verbal symbolic self-expression and optional verbal sharing in the group. The aim is to strengthen the motivation of completing the detoxification process, overcoming feelings of shame and increasing personal resources. Intervention: The protocol is structured with 10 theme-oriented workshops, followed by some free creative time. It moves through three phases: 1) the time before addiction (3 sessions); 2) the time during addiction (3 sessions) 3) the present time (3 sessions). Results: The protocol was piloted with a group of 7 men clients, who all completed detoxification without relapsing. They acknowledged decrease of shame and increase of motivation. Research would be needed to prove the effectiveness of the intervention.
Severe Neutropenia due to Carbimazole: Importance of Early Recognition & Management
Background: Carbimazole, a frontline antithyroid medication, can rarely induce agranulocytosis or severe neutropenia—potentially life-threatening hematologic complications. Early detection and prompt intervention are essential to prevent serious outcomes. Case Presentation: A patient undergoing carbimazole therapy developed profound neutropenia. The diagnosis was established through comprehensive blood work detecting a significant drop in neutrophils. Immediate discontinuation of the drug, in addition to supportive measures such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration, led to rapid recovery of neutrophil counts. Regular monitoring allowed timely intervention before severe infection could ensue. Discussion: Although carbimazole-induced neutropenia is rare, clinicians must vigilantly monitor Complete Blood Counts (CBCs) during therapy. Patient education on early warning signs (fever, sore throat) is critical. This case supports existing literature on the reversibility of hematologic toxicity with appropriate management. Conclusion: High clinical suspicion, routine CBC monitoring, immediate drug cessation, and supportive therapies such as G-CSF are key in managing carbimazole-induced severe neutropenia. This case highlights the importance of early recognition to mitigate morbidity and offers a structured management algorithm for similar future events.
Drug Addiction and Rehabilitation: Challenges and Opportunities for Recovery
Drug addiction is a complex, chronic, and relapsing disorder with profound personal, social, and public health consequences. This presentation examines the multifaceted nature of substance use disorders, exploring biological, psychological, and socio-environmental factors that contribute to addiction. Emphasis is placed on the neurobiological basis of dependence, patterns of use, and the impact on individuals, families, and communities. The presentation also reviews evidence-based approaches to rehabilitation, including pharmacological treatments, behavioral therapies, harm reduction strategies, and holistic models of care. Challenges such as stigma, limited access to services, relapse risk, and cooccurring mental health conditions will be highlighted. Finally, the talk underscores the importance of integrated, patient-centered rehabilitation programs, community engagement, and policy-level interventions to support sustainable recovery and reintegration into society. By fostering awareness and collaboration among healthcare providers, policymakers, and communities, we can improve outcomes and reduce the burden of addiction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Drugs Addiction & Therapeutics
Dopaminergic Dysregulation as a Shared Pathway: LinkingParkinson’s Disease, Substance Abuse and Behavioral Addictions
Dopamine, a central neurotransmitter in the circuits of pleasure, movement, and motivation, represents a common node among seemingly distinct conditions: Parkinson’s disease (PD), substance abuse, and behavioral addictions.
The Significance of Chiral Separation, Determination of EnantiomericPurity in Drug Design, Safety and Development –An Overview
Chiral separation, as well as the determination of the optical purity of chiral pharmaceuticals, has attracted a great deal of attention from the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. Most pharmaceutical researches and drug development efforts have been concentrated on the production of enantiomerically pure products because of the increasing demand for such drugs to be administered in a highly optical purified form. Accordingly, chirality is also a major concern in the pharmaceutical industry. When the enantiomers of a drug are administered into a chirally selective living system, these enantiomers frequently exhibit differences in bioavailability, distribution, metabolic and excretion behavior and action. The determination of optical impurity in a drug is very important from the efficacy and safety point of view, and is rapidly becoming one of the key issues in the development of new drugs. Chirality influences drug delivery because a single enantiomer or a non-racemic blend may have improved solubility, dissolution, and stability. Chirality is a major concern in the modern pharmaceutical industry. This interest can be attributed largely to a heightened awareness that enantiomers of a racemic drug may have different pharmacological activities, as well as different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects. To assure patient safety and clinical efficacy, the pharmacological evaluation of stereoisomers is an integral part of new drug development. Analytical methods to determine the enantiomeric purity of new investigational drugs are often attained through a series of generic or screening methodologies. The main methods used for chiral drug separation are GC, HPLC, and CE. Other techniques, such as chiral crystallization and enzyme-based kinetic separation.
History, Development, And Risks Associated With TraditionalHerbal Treatment
It is of utmost importance that the Traditional System of Medicine should be developed on the principles of the particular system. If, in the name of research and development, we sacrifice the basic principles of indigenous systems, then it is bound to lead to their degeneration rather than development. Huxley rightly stated, “The great tragedy of science – the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact”.
Foods with a Double Role in Nutrition and Health
Background: Nutrients are the substances found in food which drive biological activity, and are essential for the human body. Dietary nutrients may be converted into metabolites by intestinal microbes that serve as biologically active molecules affecting regulatory functions in the host. Objectives: To demonstrate role of nutraceuticals and functional foods in the management of psoriasis, in neuropathic pain in dog with spinal cord injury, and stroke Materials and Methods: This includes the role of macronutrients, micronutrients, and the gut microbiome in mediating inflammation. Nutraceutical modulation of the inflammation has applications within the clinical setting, but can also have a role in healthy populations, acting to reduce of inflammation. Ongoing research in this field will ultimately lead to a better understanding of the role of nutraceuticals and functional foods in inflammation. Results: Probiotics may restore the composition of the gut microbiome and introduce beneficial functions to gut microbial communities, resulting in amelioration of gut inflammation and other intestinal or systemic disease phenotypes. A well-functioning immune system is critical for survival. The immune system must be constantly alert, monitoring for signs of invasion or danger. Cells of the immune system must be able to distinguish self from non-self and furthermore discriminate between non-self molecules which are harmful (e.g., those from pathogens) and innocuous non-self molecules (e.g., from food). Conclusion: This presentation describes how nutraceuticals and intestinal luminal conversion by gut microbes play a role in psoriasis, in neuropathic pain in dog with spinal cord injury, and stroke.
Neuropathic Pain in Dog with Spinal Cord Injury
Extraction and Quantification of Hexavalent Chromium inEyeshadow Toy Cosmetics Using Ultrasonic Nebulization MassSpectrometry and Anion Exchange Chromatography: Strategiesto Prevent Chromium Species Interconversion
Hexavalent chromium is a potent carcinogen occasionally detected in cosmetics as a trace impurity originating from raw materials or manufacturing processes. Its presence in children’s toy eyeshadows poses serious health concerns due to potential dermal or mucosal absorption. Accurate Cr (VI) quantification is hampered by interconversion with Cr (III), especially during extraction and chromatographic analysis. This study presents a robust and sensitive analytical method for selective Cr (VI) determination in complex cosmetic matrices using ion chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, enhanced by ultrasonic nebulization. An optimized extraction protocol was developed employing a weakly alkaline buffer containing 2 mM tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to stabilize Cr (VI) and prevent reduction. The final method achieved a limit of detection of 0.3 µg/L and limit of quantification of 0.9 µg/L. Recovery experiments demonstrated that more than 99% of Cr (VI) could be efficiently extracted after two mild extraction cycles, whereas Cr (III) exhibited poor recoverability, even when subjected to harsh extraction conditions. Consequently, Cr (III) was quantified by subtracting Cr (VI) from total chromium, determined after microwave-assisted digestion. Method validation using in-house prepared reference materials confirmed satisfactory trueness (11-15%) and precision (CV ≤ 7.9%). Application to seven commercial toy eyeshadows revealed Cr (VI) levels below the regulatory limit (1.0 mg/kg), although total chromium concentrations indicated the prevalent presence of Cr (III). This methodology provides a reliable and regulatory-compliant approach for Cr (VI) speciation in cosmetic products, supporting consumer safety, particularly in paediatric populations.
Metal Complexes in Biology and Medicine: The System Aluminum(III)/Chromium (III)/Iron (III) – Norvaline
In coordination compounds studies, knowledge of the stability constants of complexes is necessary for preliminary quantitative treatment. Metal complexes can offer their action such as anti – inflammatory, antimicrobial, antibiotic, anti – thyroid and anticancer compounds. Metal based drugs bioactivity can be increased by metal chelation, which in turn increase their absorbance and stability. Recent advances in inorganic chemistry have made possible formation of number of transition metal complexes with organic ligands of interest which can be used as therapeutic agents. Aluminum prefers oxygen donor groups for complexation. The stability of complexes in biological systems depends on pH, which in blood plasma is 7.4. Chromium is a very adaptable metal, and it can form copious species with variable oxidation numbers from (- VI) to (+VI). Iron is a component of heme and chlorophyll and serves as micronutrients of plants and animals. Ferric ion from Industrial effluent has the potential to poison animals and plants. The present technique involving the use of paper ionophoresis is described for the study of equilibria in binary complex systems in solutions. The method is based on the movement of a spot of a metal ion in an electric field at various pH’s of background electrolyte. A graph of pH versus mobility was used to obtain information in the binary complexes and to calculate its stability constants. Using this method, the stability constants of binary complexes metal (III) – norvaline have been determined to be (8.73 ± 0.03, 7.20 ± 0.04); (9.00 ± 0.01, 7.41± 0.07) and ((9.43 ± 0.01, 7.66 ± 0.11) (logarithm stability constant values) for aluminum (III) chromium (III) and iron (III) complexes, respectively, at ionic strength 0.1 Mol/L and a temperature of 35°C. The first and second stability constants of metal complexes follow the order Fe (III) > Cr (III) > Al (III).
Tuberculous Polyserositis- The Great Mimicker
Tuberculous polyserositis is a rare presentation of tuberculosis, often mimicking etastatic malignancy due to overlapping clinical and radiological features. A patient presenting with breathlessness, fever, weight loss, and abdominal distension was diagnosed with tuberculous polyserositis involving the peritoneum and pleura. Imaging revealed peritoneal and omental thickening, pleural effusion, and abdominal lymphadenopathy, raising suspicion of metastatic disease. Diagnostic evaluation, including pleural fluid analysis, demonstrated elevated ADA levels but negative cytology and Xpert PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A laparotomy and omental biopsy confirmed tuberculosis through histopathology and Xpert PCR testing. The patient was treated with Antituberculous Therapy (ATT) and supportive care, resulting in symptomatic improvement and discharge after 25 days. This case highlights the necessity of considering tuberculosis in patients with unexplained abdominal and pleural effusions, especially in endemic regions. Positive findings such as elevated ADA levels and imaging features of peritoneal and omental thickening were critical for diagnosis. Early initiation of ATT and supportive measures ensured a favorable outcome, emphasizing the significance of a comprehensive diagnostic strategy and prompt management in cases of tuberculous polyserositis.
Evaluating a Womens’ Residential Treatment Centre for GamblingHarm
Aims: Gordon Moody opened a women’s residential treatment facility for harmful gambling in the UK in 2021, responding to a growing need for residential treatment for women experiencing gambling harm. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the programme. Design: 68 women who attended residential treatment between November 2021 - November 2023 were evaluated for their gambling behaviours, psychological distress levels, anxiety and depression before and after treatment. Residents lived together in a purpose-built treatment building whilst undergoing treatment. This enabled them to support each other through the programme. Women were supported by trained therapists and support workers and took part in group and individual therapy sessions including: cognitive-behavioural therapy; motivational interviewing; interpersonal group therapy; and art therapy. Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (Core-10), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaires were administered to women before and after treatment. Women were encouraged to complete PGSI and Core-10 questionnaires at three- and six-months post treatment. Findings: Gambling behaviours (measured by PGSI) significantly dropped after treatment, and remained at a lower level three months later. Psychological distress (Core-10) scores dropped following treatment, rising slightly three months after treatment (N=29). Before treatment, the majority of women scored above the clinical threshold for anxiety (measured by the GAD-7) and depression (measured by the PHQ-9). These levels fell significantly after treatment. Conclusion: Participating in this programme reduces the level of gambling severity and levels of anxiety and depression, and improves psychological wellbeing, in women suffering from gambling harm.
To Study the Personality Traits and Adjustment among Joint Familyand Nuclear Family Women
In the present study researcher study the personality traits and adjustment among joint family and nuclear family women. Researcher stated the objective that to study the personality and adjustment traits of joint family women and nuclear family women. To study the personality and adjustment traits of joint family women and nuclear family women. To compare personality traits of joint family women and nuclear family women. After collecting the data researcher use the mean, SD and t test for data analysis. Researcher found that there is a significant difference in psychotics‟ traits of personality among joint family women and nuclear family women. There is significance difference on neuroticism among joint family women and nuclear family women. There is a significant difference in extraversion for traits of personality among joint family women and nuclear family women. There is a significant difference in adjustment among joint family women and nuclear family women.
Implication of Metal Complexes in Biology and Medicine: TheSystem Aluminum (III)/Chromium (III)/Iron (III) – Homoserine
Metal ions are fundamental elements for the maintenance of life spans of humans, animals and plants. In coordinatton compounds studies, knowledge of the stability constants of complexes is necessary for preliminary quantitative treatment. Aluminum prefers oxygen doner groups for complexation. The stability of complexes in the biological system depends on pH, which is blood plasma is 7.4. Chromium is very adaptable metal and it can form copious species with variable oxidation numbers from (-VI) to (+VI). Iron is a component of heme and chlorophyll and serves as micronutrients of plants and animals. Ferric ion from industrial effluent has the potential to poison animals and plants. The present technique involving the use of paper electrophoresis is described for the study of equilibria in binary complexes system in solution. The method is based on the movement of a spot of a metal ion in an electric field at various pH’s of background electrolyte. A graph of pH versus mobility was used to obtain information in the binary complexes and to calculate its stability constants. Using this method, the stability constants of binary complexes, metal (III) – homoserine have been determined to be (8.15 ± 0.03, 6.66 ± 0.08); (8.49 ± 0.01, 7.00 ± 0.05); and (8.79 ± 0.01, 7.43 ± 0.03) (logarithm stability constant values) for aluminum (III), chromium (III), and iron (III) complexes, respectively, at ionic strength 0.1Mol/L and a temperature of 35 °C.
Addictions and Behaviours in Performance
The study aims to provide information on addiction and behaviours. Addiction refers to the state of continuing to take a substance despite the fact that it causes mental, physical or social problems in the person, the inability to quit despite the desire to quit, and the inability to control the desire to take the substance. For many years, substance addiction was perceived as a moral problem, lack of willpower or personality weakness, but scientific advances show that addiction reflects a different reality. Today, addiction is recognised as a chronic brain disease and, like other chronic diseases with recovery and relapses, can be treated but not completely cured. Addiction can affect anyone. In other words, ‘anyone can be addicted’. Addiction is a disease of the brain and our brain may crave the substance from time to time, even if we do not want it. Depending on the type of substance used, the degree of purity, the duration of use and personal characteristics, addiction can develop in different ways. Therefore, we cannot predict when a person will become susceptible to addiction.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Drugs Addiction & Therapeutics
Dysautonomia and Aeromedical Fitness: About 9 Cases
In-flight incapacitation is a concept that reflects a physiological or psychological maladjustment to the aeronautical environment that will lead to a polymorphic symptomatology which reflects functional dysregulations dominated by neurovegetative imbalance. This is a retrospective study including 9 aircrew, both civilian and military, among 18 having presented an In-flight incapacitation. The analysis of the different explorations of the Autonomic Nervous System allowed to individualize several autonomic profiles concluding to an autonomic cause of the malaise. The aeronautical constraints whose effects can interfere with the neurovegetative balance will be discussed. This study shows the importance of the Autonomic Nervous System in the genesis of flight incapacitation. Hence the interest to explore it, in aircrew presenting this type of incapacitation.
A Holistic Harm Reduction Center Model: A Commentary
Substance addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking, loss of control over consumption, and a negative emotional state when access to the drug is restricted. Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) are associated with severe health issues including suicide and co-occurring diseases like HIV and hepatitis C, and mental health problems. Although the present SUD treatment models prioritize abstinence, achieving abstinence during a treatment episode is challenging as majority of individuals with SUDs continue using drugs during treatment. To address this challenge in the current SUD treatment model, harm reduction has emerged as a strategy that focuses on interventions such as naloxone distribution, syringe services, safe drug use education and other strategies that reduce harmful outcomes such as substance-related overdose death and disease transmission while improving quality of life. This commentary proposes a Holistic Harm Reduction Model that can be incorporated by harm reduction centers aimed at reducing risky drug use behavior and overdose deaths, and ultimately improving public health outcomes in the community. The proposed holistic model includes new components such as trauma-informed care and referral and a brief mindfulness intervention along with the already existing harm reduction approaches such as Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) and harm reduction managers to provide comprehensive healthcare services, distribution of supplies; education; referral and linkage to other services, including medications for substance use disorder; and participant data collection and analysis.
Social Determinates of Health Relating to Manual Labor, ChronicPain, and Risk of Opioid Addiction
This brief report investigates the potential correlation between manual labor and opioid addiction, focusing on contributing factors such as chronic pain, regular exercise, healthcare access, and housing stability. Although manual labor is associated with higher rates of work- related injuries and chronic pain, the review finds no strong, direct correlation between manual labor and increased opioid addiction rates. The relationship is complex and influenced by a range of socio-economic factors. The findings highlight the need for further research, particularly longitudinal studies, to explore these dynamics in depth and develop targeted interventions for at-risk populations.
Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Immune Responseand Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Fed Muntingia CalaburaLeaf Extract
This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of feeding Muntingia calabura leaf extract on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, immune response and meat quality of broiler chickens. 500 1-day old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly distributed into five treatments of five replicates consisting of ten birds each in a completely randomized design model. Birds in treatment one (control) was fed basal diet alone which is adequate in all nutrients according to the recommendation of broilers while treatment two, three, four and five were fed same diet with Muntingia calabura leaf extract at 0.3 mL, 0.6 mL, 0.9 mL and 1.2 mL per liter of water correspondingly. The duration of the experiment was 56 days and birds had unrestricted access to feed and fresh water. Body weight gain was higher in birds fed treatment four (2555.3 g) and five (2646.1 g), intermediate in treatment two (2346.6 g) and three (2365.1 g) and lower in treatment one (1948.8 g) (P<0.05). Total feed intake and dressing percentage was higher among birds fed Muntingia calabura leaf extract relative to the control (P<0.05). Conversely, mortality of 2.5 % was recorded in control followed by treatment two with 1.00 % none wasrecorded in the other treatment (P<0.05). Results on the breast muscle revealed that saturated and unsaturated fatty acid was 29.80 %, 41.83 % in control, treatment two (28.11 %, 55.94 %), three (27.19 %, 56.97 %), four (23.15 %, 73.69 %) and five (22.90 %, 73.74 %) in each case (P<0.05). Immunoglobulin A, G and M values were influenced (P<0.05) by the treatments. In conclusion, feeding Muntingia calabura leaf extract up to 1.2 mL/liter of water had no negative effect on the performance and health status of birds.
The Use of the Severity Dependence Scale (SDS) as an Outcomein Studies of Alcohol and Other Drug Use a Systematic Review
Introduction: The Severity Dependence Scale (SDS) is a validated measure of the severity of dependence on alcohol or drugs. SDS scores can be used to guide treatment planning, monitor progress, and evaluate treatment outcomes. Objectives: We aimed to review studies that analysed SDS as an outcome in studies of alcohol and drug use (AoD), with a particular focus on the methodology used to examine the changes in SDS. Methods: The search was performed using the literature databases Embase, PubMed and Medline. Articles were included when the outcome was SDS in AoD. Studies that examined SDS, but not among the AoD population, studies that reported SDS as predictors, qualitative research, study protocols, conference papers, and studies in non-English language were excluded. Results: Among 179 articles identified, 15 were included in the systematic review. Two studies conducted cannabis research, two for methamphetamine, one for cannabis and amphetamine, one for cocaine, one for ketamine, one for ecstasy and seven for general illicit drugs. Out of 15 studies, ten used the t-test for statistical analysis of the SDS, one used a generalised estimating equation, one used a Spearman non-parametric test, and one used a linear mixed model, one reported the baseline score for the SDS and did not report the SDS at follow-up, one reported a descriptive analysis of the SDS. Conclusions: In the absence of a standardised cut-off score and a minimal important difference, more attention should be paid in analysing the discrete scale of the SDS to ensure analysis accuracy.
A Scoping Review: Associations Between Drugs of Abuse andToxoplasma Gondii Infection
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most common parasites that infect humans. The parasite exists in approximately 40 million people in the United States. Latent infections are frequently associated with tissue cysts of T. gondii in the skeletal muscle and brain tissue that can lead to mental disorders, congenital disorders, and vision dysfunction. Furthermore, self-directed violence, impulsivity, and aggression are associated with T. gondii infection. Dopamine is associated with human behaviors including pleasure, aggression, memory, and substance use disorder; however, the studies on the association of T. gondii infection and drugs of abuse are not well understood. The frequency of substance use may be associated with substance-induced modification of dopamine-receptor densities and basal dopaminergic activity. Likewise, T. gondii can directly or indirectly influence dopaminergic activity in infected cells. The current scoping review aimed to review peer-reviewed literature and identify gaps to evaluate the association between drugs of abuse and T. gondii infection. Articles for review were included if published between the 1st of January 1970 and to the 30th of December 2022. Different key words and phrases were adopted: “T. gondii infection”, “Toxoplasmosis”, “T. gondii and drug use”, “T. gondii infection and dopamine”, “T. gondii infection and drugs of abuse”, “drugs of abuse”, “T. gondii infection and alcohol”, “SUD”, “Toxoplasmosis and SUD” and “Substance abuse and inflammation”. Articles that did not match and/or were published outside of history range were excluded. Databases utilized to generate results included PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. One hundred and nine articles or resources were generated and deemed appropriate for reference in this review. Results indicate that individuals infected with T. gondii display increased risky behavior, such as excessive alcohol consumption. T. gondii seropositive subjects had a reduced likelihood of self-reported substance use compared to T. gondii seronegative subjects which confirms that SUD is a potential risk factor for behavioral and psychiatric complications associated with T. gondii infection. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research characterizing the mechanisms associated with dopamine metabolism of drug dependence and withdrawal in the context of a T. gondii infection, evaluating the role of inflammation, and identifying potential drug-and-sex specific underpinnings of these associations.
Metal Complexes in Biology and Medicine: The System Cadmium(II)/ Iron (II)/ Zinc (II)- α- Aminobutyric Acid
Metal ions play an important role in biological systems. The importance of metal ions to essential functions of living systems and for wellbeing of living organisms is well known. Complexation reactions of α– aminobutyric acid with cadmium (II), iron (II) and zinc (II) have been studied in solution phase using paper ionophoretic technique. The present method is based upon the migration of a spot of metal ion on a paper strip at different pH values of background electrolyte containing 0.01M α -aminobutyric acid. A graph of pH against mobility was used to obtained information in the binary complexes and to calculate its stability constants. The logarithm stability constants of ML and ML2 complexes of α -aminobutyric acid were found to be (4.01 ± 0.02; 2.72 ± 0.01), (3.73 ± 0.03; 2.65 ± 0.09), (4.45 ± 0.02; 2.80 ± 0.03) for cadmium (II), iron (II) and zinc (II) complexes, respectively at ionic strength 0.1 molL-1 and a temperature of 35º C. Metal based drugs bioactivity can be increase by metal chelation, which in turn increase their absorbance and stability. Metal complexes can offer their action such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer and ant thyroid compounds.
Health Literacy of Pregnant Women about Screening for HIV,Syphilis and Hepatitis B in Jayapura City
Background: Early HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B screening literacy must be understood by women of childbearing age. If the mother does not know this, it will have an impact on sexually transmitted diseases. The aim of the study was to analyze factors related to screening of pregnant women. Method: Quantitative cross-sectional study, conducted at 13 Community Health Centers for two months. 100 pregnant women using proportional stratified sampling, questionnaire instrument. Chisquare analysis. Results: Age (p value = 0.027), income (p value = 0.011), attitude (p value = 0.000), PPIA (p value = 0.005) and counseling (p value = 0.026) have a significant relationship (p value < 0, 05) with the mother’s level of knowledge about screening. Education (p value = 0.634), employment (p value = 0.719), parity (p value = 0.938), antenatal care (p value = 0.191), access to information (p value = 0.323) have no significant relationship (p value >0 .05).
The Immunomodulating Effects of Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol(THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) in the Context of Inflammationand Infection in Vitro
The therapeutic potential of cannabinoid-based medicines has led many U.S. states and countries to authorize their clinical use. Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), the biologically active compounds of cannabis, possess a wide range of immune regulatory properties. Macrophages are specialized immune cells that express endocannabinoid receptors which can affect inflammatory phenotypes and phagocytosis. Increasing prevalence, and legalization of cannabis, has led to regulatory findings of various aspects of physiological, behavioral, and metabolic function; however, the effects on immunological regulation in the setting of infection is less well understood. The purpose of the current study was to test the immunoregulatory effects of various THC and CBD doses in the context of infection. Secondary, THC and CBD temporal and tissue-specific cytotoxic effects were evaluated at 2 or 6 h. Macrophages were pre-treated with THC or CBD (0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 25 µg/mL) and challenged with LPS (2 h) or live Escherichia coli (E. coli) (6h). Extracellular bacteria were eliminated, macrophage cells lysed, and intracellular bacteria quantified. Unlike CBD, THC-induced phagocytosis was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. CBD-induced phagocytosis was inversely increased at 25 µg/mL. In macrophages, THC increased cytotoxicity and CBD decreased cytotoxicity at doses 15 µg/mL and greater. These findings demonstrate the multifaceted interplay between THC and CBD that affect the immunological interaction between host and microbes. Taken together, it is necessary to understand the immunoregulatory underpinnings of Phyto cannabinoids to maximize therapeutic potential and reduce opportunistic infections.
Assessment of Reported Adverse Events on Anti-Depressants
A mental disorder is characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior. One in every eight people around the world was living with a mental disorder in 2019, with depression and anxiety the most common. Currently, popular prescribed types of antidepressants include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). For such medications, limited adverse effects and reasonable tolerability are critically important in addition to the efficacy in treating depression and their affordability. In this study, I quantitatively assessed the adverse events reported in the comprehensive FAERS (FDA Adverse Event Reporting System) database in terms of case count by received year, by age group, by sex, by reaction type, and by outcome, with respect to those commonly used antidepressants. Although the total count of adverse events increases every year before 2019, my analysis shows an alarming decrease in total count over the COVID pandemic period (2020 & 2021) while the number of people with depression rose significantly because of the pandemic. “Completed suicide” turns out to be one of the main side reactions reported across all anti-depression medications. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the reported number of “completed suicide” correlates with the report number of “suicide attempt” (or “suicidal ideation”). Surprisingly, the reported case count by females is significantly larger than that by males regardless of the grouping approach. It was evident that such insights could provide meaningful guidance on strengthening mental health systems for COVID-19 & future public health emergencies and further support relevant scientific studies on adverse effects & tolerability of effective antidepressant medications.
Education as a Tool of Engagement in Sport and Physical Activity
The paper deals with the issue of education and its relationship with sports and other physical activities among the Czech adult population. The main goal of the paper is to find out if the level of reached education is related with attitudes towards sports and other physical activities and with their consequent realization as well. The research was realized by the questionnaire SFSPA (Social Role of the Sport and Physical Activity) in the years 2019-2020. The research sample consisted of 1000 respondents (486 men and 514 women) from all over the Czech Republic. All respondents were questioned personally, their participation was voluntary, and all data were anonymized. For determination the research sample, we used a stratified quota selection with regards to sex, age and residence. The data were processed by using first and second level data sorting, specifically pivot tables. Furthermore, correlation analysis and statistical significance (χ2) were used. The results clearly testified that the grade of reached education has a positive connection with a relationship towards sports and other physical activities.
Synovial Osteochondromatosis of Knee – A Case Report
Synovial osteochondromatosis is a rare, non-malignant condition affecting the joints. It is a result of metaplastic changes in the bones causing formation of cartilaginous nodules that may or may not ossify ultimately resulting in loose bodies [1]. This can be quite distressing as the condition leads to progressive deterioration of the range of movement at the affected joint, which is most cases is the knee joint.
An Overview of Community Pharmacist’s Role on Over the CounterMedicine Misuse and Abuse
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are safe when used as directed, but there are risks of misuse and abuse. Misuse refers to taking OTC medicines for medical purposes but inappropriately, such as taking higher doses than recommended. Abuse refers to taking OTC medicines for non-medical purposes, such as recreational purposes. Community pharmacists can play a role in preventing and managing misuse and abuse of over-the-counter medications. Studies from different countries that met the inclusion criteria were found using searches in Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed for publications published between January 2016 and December 2023.
Metal Complexes in Biology and Medicine the System Cadmium(II) / Iron (II) /Zinc (II) - Proline
Metal ions are fundamental elements for the maintenance of the life span’ s of the humans, animals and plants. In coordination compound studies, a knowledge of the magnitude of the stability constants of complexes is necessary for preliminary quantitative treatment. Present work described method that involves the use of paper electrophoretic technique for the study of the equilibria in binary complex systems in solution. This method is based on the movement of a spot of metal ion in an electric field at various pHs of the background electrolyte. A plot of overall mobility of metal / complex ion versus pH was used to obtain information on the formation of binary complexes and to calculate their stability constants. The stability constant of the ML and ML2 complexes of cadmium (II) – proline,iron(II) – proline and zinc(II) – proline, have been found to be (4.61 ± 0.01; 3.04 ± 0.03), (4.21 ± 0.01; 2.89 ± 0.09) and (4.98 ± 0.02; 2.44 ± 0.05) (logarithm constant values), respectively at 35 ºC and ionic strength 0.1 mol L-1. The first and second stability constants follow the order zinc (II) >cadmium (II) > iron (II). Metal complexes can offer their action such as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer and ant thyroid compounds. Metal based drugs bioactivity can be increase by metal chelation, which in turn increase their absorbance and stability.
A Study Exploring the Motivations and Recovery Process ofRecurrent Non-Fatal Self-Harm Behaviors in the Asian FemaleCommunity
Previous literature has suggested that non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) could be conceptualised as behavioural addiction as they share common characteristics. While NSSI continues to be a problem among the Chinese female population, help-seeking rates remain low. There has been little research into the psychosocial factors and cultural influence contributing to NSSI and its help-seeking behaviour. This research presents an up-to-date background and prevalence rate of NSSI behaviour in Hong Kong. It seeks to explore the subjective experiences of NSSI as an addictive behaviour through a qualitative analysis of interviews with 13 Chinese female participants who are in recovery from it. Interviews were transcribed and analysed for understanding the shared themes across participants’ accounts in deliberate self-injurious behaviour. Alexithymia was found to be a trait that may contribute to their NSSI. Participants’ self-wounding habits met some addictive criteria mentioned in DSM-V. The implications of these findings for the treatment and interventions of Chinese females engaged in NSSI are discussed.