Analysis of the Dynamics of Atmospheric Precipitation in theTerritory of Azerbaijan in the Aspect of Climate Changes

Abstract

The research is based on the preliminary data of atmospheric precipitation covering the years 1981-2023 of about 70 hydrometeorological stations operating in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Using mathematical, statistical and cartographic methods in the analysis, attention was paid to the monthly, seasonal, multi-year and surface precipitation trends. In order to determine the impact of climate changes on the precipitation regime, a comparative analysis of the precipitation amount indicators of 1981-2010 and the corresponding indicators of 2011-2022 was conducted. Studies show that the amount of atmospheric precipitation has decreased by 5% (24 mm) in the territory of Azerbaijan in 2011-2023. 60% of the 10 years with the lowest multiyear precipitation are from 1989 and later. The effects of climate changes on the air temperature and atmospheric precipitation regime in the territory of Azerbaijan include the change of the traditional climate regime, the expansion of the semi-desert and dry-desert landscape in the front mountainous areas, the shift
of the green landscape, the replacement of forests with forest thickets (mainly 900-1100 m), altitude up to 1000 m causes a sharp increase in the amount of possible evaporation in the area and deepening of environmental crises such as drought.