Transformative Microbes to Reduce the Presence of Toxic Mercuryin Wastewater and Dental Applications

Abstract

Elemental mercury (Hg⁰) is a naturally occurring, silvery, and volatile metal that remains liquid at room temperature. It is typically found bound in mineral deposits and salts but can also be released from natural sources such as volcanic activity and geothermal vents. Mercury exists in multiple chemical forms and is a significant environmental contaminant due to its toxicity, persistence, and bio accumulative behavior. In its elemental form, Hg⁰ is used in thermometers, electrical switches, and dental amalgams.