Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
type: channel
description: Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine Welcome to the Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, which is an open access peer reviewed journal, a premier platform dedicated to advancing the field of family medicine and promoting preventive health practices. Our mission is to disseminate high-quality research, innovative clinical practices, and insightful reviews that empower healthcare professionals to enhance patient care and community health. Articles can be submitted through online from https://www.onlinescientificsresearch.com/submit-online or can send through an e-mail with attachment for familymedicine@onlinescientificresearch.info or Preventivemedicine@onlinescientificresearch.net
publisher: Scientific Research and Community
language: en
publication name: Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
issn: 2755-6344
items: HealthGuard 2025: Global Forum on Public Health & Preventive Medicine
items: Sensory Integration Therapy in Learning Disabled School Going Children of Age Group 8-11 Years
items: https://srcpublishers.com/index.php/family-medicine-and-preventive-m/article/view/4315
items: Fc Gamma Receptor IIA and Merozoite Surface Protein 1 Gene Variants in Relation to Malaria Status in the Buea Health District
items: Harnessing Molecular Biotechnology to Optimize Malaria Diagnosisin Resource-Limited Settings
items: Understanding Sleep Patterns in Pediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Review
items: Prolonged Coffee Consumption: Neurological Impacts and Cognitive Effects After Discontinuation
items: Barriers to Implementing Kangaroo Mother Care in Neonatal Care Services in Luanda
items: Optimizing Outcomes in Primary Care: We Cannot Spell ‘Precision’ Without ‘Person’
items: Non-Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment and its Associated Factors among TB Patients at Tamavua Twomey Hospital, Suva
items: Examining the Factors Related to Vaccine Hesitancy Among Individuals with Disabilities in the Fako and Meme Divisions of Cameroon
items: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Risk Factors and Injury Mechanisms. A Systematic Review
items: Detection of Malnourished Children Below 5 years in Darchula, Nepal: The Impact of Universal Community-Based Screening
items: A Methodological Review of Artificial Intelligence Technology Application in Mental Health Disorders
items: A Qualitative Cross-Sectional Study Aimed at Identifying Barriersto Accessing Routine Vaccinations and Strategies for Improvement: Perspectives from Healthcare Workers in the City of Buea in Cameroon
items: Nightmare Disorders: Pharmacotherapy or Psychotherapy as The First Line Treatment?
items: Resilience, Dedication, and Training: A Study on Nurses Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Albania
items: Examining the Awareness Level, Prevalence and the Risk Factors that Reinforce the Schistosoma Life cycle and Its Transmission among Children in the Bosomtwe District, Ghana
items: Barriers Related to the Follow-up of the Vaccinal Schedule for the 2nd Dose of The Measles and Rubes Vaccine in The Bafia Health District
items: Women’s Perspectives on the Role of Community Health Workers in Planning Family-Community Based Study in a Rural, Remote Region
items: Endemic Period COVID-19 Risk Evolution Between 2023 and 2024 Years in a General Medicine Office in Toledo, Spain. Incidence Rate and Other Risk Measures are Declining or Stable

HealthGuard 2025: Global Forum on Public Health & Preventive Medicine
type: item
description: HealthGuard 2025: Global Forum on Public Health & Preventive Medicine
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevention
  topic: keywords
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-08-09
publication date: 2025-08-09
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.47363/2y2qzg09

Sensory Integration Therapy in Learning Disabled School Going Children of Age Group 8-11 Years
type: item
description: Introduction: Learning Disorders are diagnosed when the individual’s achievement on individually administered, standardised tests in reading, mathematics, or written expression is substantially below that expected for age, schooling, and level of intelligence. Learning Disorders (LD) are complex diseases that affect about 2-10% of the school-age population. Various assessment tools are used to identify learning disability like learning disability evaluation scale (LDES), Children nonverbal learning disabilities scale, learning disability diagnostic inventory (LDDI). Methodology: A total of 480 forms were distributed in the schools of Dehradun, out of which 162 forms were collected, and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 subjects were identified to have learning disability. LDDI scale was used to assess learning disability, consisting of six sections (listening, speaking, reading, writing, mathematics and reasoning). Results: Prevalence was calculated using the point prevalence formula, and the prevalence of learning disability in Dehradun was 4.9%. Data was analyzed using SPSS software 15.0. Paired T test was used and the result showed a significant difference between the total score pre and post reading. Conclusion: The study concluded that sensory integration positively impacted learning disability, helping to improve the behaviour of learning disabled subjects.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Learning Disability
  topic: keywords
subject: Sensory Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: LDDI Scale
  topic: keywords
subject: Neuroplasticity
  topic: keywords
subject: Vestibular
  topic: keywords
subject: Proprioceptive
  topic: keywords
creator: Reena Kumari
creator: Shweta
creator: Shiv Priya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-08-16
publication date: 2025-08-16
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)120

https://srcpublishers.com/index.php/family-medicine-and-preventive-m/article/view/4315
type: item
title: Leveraging Biotechnology to Investigate Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Merozoite Surface Protein 2 Gene Polymorphismsin Relation to Malaria Status in an Endemic Setting in the Buea Health District
description: Malaria remains a life-threatening mosquito-borne disease and a major global health concern, particularly in endemic regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. In these settings, individuals often harbor multiple genetically distinct strains of Plasmodium falciparum, a phenomenon known as multiplicity of infection (MOI). Genetic polymorphisms in both the parasite and host are believed to modulate malaria Status. In the parasite, polymorphic alleles of the Merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2) gene, particularly the FC27 and 3D7 allelic families, have been associated with disease Status across varying transmission settings. Similarly, in the human host, a single nucleotide polymorphism in the Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1) gene at position -2518 (A>G) has been implicated in susceptibility and inflammatory responses during Plasmodium infections, though existing evidence remains inconclusive. This study investigated the association between MCP-1 gene polymorphisms and malaria Status in individuals from Buea Municipality, a malariaendemic region in southwestern Cameroon. A cross-sectional study design was employed, enrolling 350 individuals, of whom 273 consented to participate (56% female, 44% male; age range: 1–90 years). Participants were classified into symptomatic (46%) and asymptomatic (54%) groups based on clinical and laboratory criteria. Malaria infection was confirmed by RDT (31.5%), microscopy (42.5%), and PCR (34.8%), with PCRpositive cases comprising 61% symptomatic and 39% asymptomatic individuals. Analysis of MCP-1 polymorphisms revealed that the wild-type AA genotype was more frequent in symptomatic individuals (84.4%), whereas the AG and GG genotypes were more prevalent among asymptomatic participants. G allele frequency was higher in the asymptomatic group (17.4%) than in symptomatic individuals (9.4%). Genotype distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for both groups, and no significant association was found between MCP-1 genotypes (p = 0.21…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Malaria Status
  topic: keywords
subject: MCP-1 Polymorphism
  topic: keywords
subject: MSP2 Gene
  topic: keywords
subject: Multiplicity of Infection
  topic: keywords
subject: Plasmodium Falciparum
  topic: keywords
creator: Jerome Nyhalah Dinga
creator: Diland Nkwain Mbang
creator: Dieudonne Lemuh Njimoh
creator: Emmanuel Fondungallah Anu
creator: Marius Tincho
creator: Stanley Dobgima Gamua
creator: Julius Ebua Chia
creator: Vincent P K Titanji
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-08-08
publication date: 2025-08-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)119

Fc Gamma Receptor IIA and Merozoite Surface Protein 1 Gene Variants in Relation to Malaria Status in the Buea Health District
type: item
description: Background: Malaria remains a major public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, with Cameroon experiencing high endemicity and transmission intensity. While Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant species responsible for severe disease, host and parasite genetic factors are increasingly recognized as important determinants of malaria susceptibility and clinical outcomes. This study investigated the association between P. falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP1) and human Fc gamma receptor IIA (FCγRIIA) gene polymorphisms with malaria status in the Buea Health District, Cameroon. Methods: A total of 273 participants were enrolled and assessed for demographic and clinical characteristics. Nested PCR targeting P. falciparum confirmed species-specific infections. Genotyping of MSP1 block 2 (K1, MAD20, RO33) was conducted via allele-specific PCR, while FCγRIIA polymorphisms were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, were used to assess associations between genetic markers, parasitaemia, and malaria status. Results: Of the samples screened, 95 (97%) were confirmed as P. falciparum infections. The K1 allele was the most prevalent MSP1 genotype, followed by MAD20 and RO33, with several mixed infections, reflecting high transmission intensity. No significant association was found between MSP1 genotypes and malaria status, though high parasitaemia was linked to increased odds of symptomatic malaria (OR = 4.03; 95% CI: 0.97–16.83; p = 0.054). FCγRIIA analysis revealed that individuals with homozygous or heterozygous genotypes had higher odds of symptomatic malaria compared to the wild type, although results were not statistically significant. Trends also indicated increasing FCγRIIA expression with age and parasitaemia, suggesting possible immune modulation. Conclusion: While no statistically significant associations were identified, trends observed in FCγRIIA and MSP1 pol…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Malaria Status
  topic: keywords
subject: FCγRIIA
  topic: keywords
subject: MSP1
  topic: keywords
subject: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic Diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Buea
  topic: keywords
subject: Cameroon
  topic: keywords
creator: Jerome Nyhalah Dinga
creator: Ntachnchuh Hilldricks Muma
creator: Dieudonne Lemuh Njimoh
creator: Stanley Dobgima Gamua
creator: Vincent PK Titanji
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-07-29
publication date: 2025-07-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)117

Harnessing Molecular Biotechnology to Optimize Malaria Diagnosisin Resource-Limited Settings
type: item
description: Background: Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly among children under five in endemic areas. It is caused by different species of the Plasmodium genus. The World Health Organization recommends thick blood smear microscopy as the standard diagnostic tool, but its sensitivity is limited, especially in cases of low parasitaemia, non-falciparum infections, and when performed by unskilled personnel. Misdiagnosis is common in endemic areas, complicating disease management. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent progression, reduce deaths, and limit transmission. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), ELISA, and PCR, using PCR as the reference standard. Methods: A total of 274 participants were recruited from three health centers. Samples were tested using microscopy, RDT, ELISA, and PCR. Diagnostic performance metrics—including sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, kappa statistics, and accuracy—were calculated. Subgroup analyses were stratified by gender, age, body temperature, symptom status, and collection site. Results: ELISA reported the highest malaria prevalence, followed by RDT, microscopy, and PCR, with statistically significant differences across methods (p = 0.0001). Microscopy showed good sensitivity (82.8%) and specificity (80.6%), with moderate agreement with PCR (κ = 0.60). RDT demonstrated the best diagnostic agreement with PCR (κ = 0.73), high specificity (93.7%), and strong positive predictive value (85.1%). It also showed the highest positive likelihood ratio (PLR = 12.21), making it reliable for confirming malaria cases. ELISA exhibited the highest sensitivity (98.9%) and negative predictive value (96.9%), but its low specificity (56.0%) indicates a risk of overestimating cases due to antibody persistence. Its low negative likelihood ratio (NLR = 0.02) supports its utility for ruling out infection. Conclusion: RDT emerged…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Malaria
  topic: keywords
subject: RDT
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Microscopy
  topic: keywords
subject: ELISA
  topic: keywords
subject: PCR
  topic: keywords
creator: Jerome Nyhalah Dinga
creator: Akum Yvonne Tita
creator: Marius Tincho
creator: Dieudonne Lemuh Njimoh
creator: Stanley Dobgima Gamua
creator: Vincent PK Titanji
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-07-27
publication date: 2025-07-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)116

Understanding Sleep Patterns in Pediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Review
type: item
description: According to world journal of clinical pediatric there is a complex relationship between sleep disorders and childhood neurodevelopment, emotional, behavioral and intellectual disorders (NDEBID). NDEBID include several conditions such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, epilepsy and learning (intellectual) disorders. Up to 75% of children and young people (CYP) with NDEBID are known to experience different types of insomnia, compared to 3% to 36% in normally developing population. Sleep disorders affect 15% to 19% of adolescents with no disability, in comparison with 26% to 36% among CYP with moderate learning disability (LD) and 44% among those with severe LD. Chronic sleep deprivation is associated with significant risks of behavioural problems, impaired cognitive development and learning abilities, poor memory, mood disorders and school problems. It also increases the risk of other health outcomes, such as obesity and metabolic consequences, significantly impacting on the wellbeing of other family members.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: REM: Rapid-Eye-Movement
  topic: keywords
subject: CYP: Children and Young People
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotional
  topic: keywords
subject: Behavioural Difficulties
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurodevelopment Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: NonPharmacologic Interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Therapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Swati Patanwal
creator: Kamini Sao
creator: Neha Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-07-23
publication date: 2025-07-23
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)118

Prolonged Coffee Consumption: Neurological Impacts and Cognitive Effects After Discontinuation
type: item
description: Coffee is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances globally, largely due to its caffeine content. While moderate intake is associated with cognitive benefits and neuroprotection, prolonged, high-dose use may lead to neuroadaptive changes, altering neuronal thresholds, dependence and long-term brain plasticity. This review investigates the neurocognitive consequences of chronic coffee consumption and the withdrawal-related effects on brain cell thresholds, synaptic function, and higher-order cognition. The findings suggest that abrupt cessation after prolonged use can transiently impair attention, mood, and executive function due to neurochemical dysregulation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Neurological Impacts
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Effects
  topic: keywords
creator: Ankit Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-07-16
publication date: 2025-07-16
starting page: 1
ending page: 2
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)115

Barriers to Implementing Kangaroo Mother Care in Neonatal Care Services in Luanda
type: item
description: Background: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is an evidence-based strategy to provide vital support for preterm or low-birth-weight infants, developed in response to shortages of technological and human resources. It combines qualified, humanized care with biopsychosocial interventions centered on skin-to-skin contact. Objective: To analyze the barriers limiting effective implementation of KMC in neonatal services at maternity hospitals in Luanda, Angola. Development: Although KMC is used globally (in both low- and high-income countries), its application in Luanda remains limited. This setting faces high birth rates and insufficient resources for neonatal care. Continuous, specialized training of nursing staff is identified as a critical factor for adequate care delivery, enabling integrated support for the newborn and family as a unit, and is essential for KMC adoption. Conclusions: KMC represents an effective, humanized approach for immediate neonatal care in Luanda. Urgent training of healthcare staff in caring for preterm mother-infant dyads is fundamental. Furthermore, increasing prenatal KMC awareness among the population may contribute to reducing infant mortality under one year of age.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Premature Infant
  topic: keywords
subject: Kangaroo-Mother Care Method
  topic: keywords
subject: Skin-to-Skin Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Humanized Neonatal Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Implementation Barriers
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Personnel Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Infant Mortality
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan Carlos Mirabal Requena
creator: Belkis Mura Matienzo
creator: Jennifer Pérez Mura
creator: Joaquín Rogelio García Romero
creator: Juan Leandro Azcuy Duribe
creator: Belkis Álvarez Escobar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 3
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)114

Optimizing Outcomes in Primary Care: We Cannot Spell ‘Precision’ Without ‘Person’
type: item
description: Healthcare providers are becoming increasingly more aware of the benefits realized by engaging the health seeker. The literature is clear on the effectiveness of including “the soft skills” of motivational interviewing, of collaborative goal setting, and in utilizing readiness to change models. These soft skills have a hard science in behavioral economics, psychology and more recently in the systemic effects witnessed throughout a person’s physiology when they feel recognized and included. As healthcare experiences provider burnout and barriers of efficiency, it can be tempting for the trend of protocols to dominate, alleviating both time and decision making from providers with compassion fatigue. It is the convergence of these pressures, along with the advances in “the soft skills” and a simultaneous rise in (demand for) precision medicine and precision rehabilitation, that we begin to see the chasm between personalized care and precision care. This article details the elusive nature of societal wellness, disease and disability prevention by utilizing a bridge of personalizing care. Affording health seekers and providers alike the opportunity to leverage the science of behavioral change will require a collaboration between patient and provider, one that may even alleviate some of the burdens that providers presently experience.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Primary Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare
  topic: keywords
creator: Mike Studer
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)113

Non-Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment and its Associated Factors among TB Patients at Tamavua Twomey Hospital, Suva
type: item
description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), an infectious bacterial disease that most frequently affects the lungs but can harm any tissue, is the cause of Tuberculosis. MTB spreads between people through the respiratory system or airborne. Only around 10% of MTB infection sufferers develop active TB disease during their lifetime; the remaining 90% can control their infection successfully [1].
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: Infectious Bacterial Disease
  topic: keywords
creator: Emosi Bayanivalu
creator: Eunice Ohyere
creator: Keresi Bako
creator: Mosese Salusalu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-05-11
publication date: 2025-05-11
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)112

Examining the Factors Related to Vaccine Hesitancy Among Individuals with Disabilities in the Fako and Meme Divisions of Cameroon
type: item
description: Introduction: Vaccines are a cornerstone of public health, effectively combating infectious diseases. However, vaccine hesitancy—defined as delaying or refusing vaccination despite availability—is a significant threat to global health, as recognized by the World Health Organization. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and factors associated with vaccine hesitancy among people with disabilities in the Fako and Meme Divisions of Cameroon. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study design was employed, using a multi-stage probability sampling technique to recruit 116 participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26, with descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to determine associations between vaccine hesitancy and the categorical variables. Results: The study population ranged in age from 17 to 75 years (mean age 36.67 ± 15.86 years), with an equal gender distribution (50% female, 50% male). The majority of participants had completed secondary education (50%), followed by primary education (33.6%) and tertiary education (16.4%). Deafness was the most prevalent disability (41.4%). While just over half of the participants (52.6%) recognized the importance of vaccines, only half (50%) perceived them as safe. Despite this, overall knowledge (63%) and attitude (64%) towards vaccination were positive. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between vaccine hesitancy and both the type of disability (p=0.001) and marital status (p=0.036). Conclusion: People with disabilities in the study area demonstrated relatively good knowledge and positive attitudes toward vaccines. However, being single was identified as a significant factor influencing vaccine knowledge and uptake. The study recommends targeted vaccine education campaigns for all marital status groups within the disabled community to address potential hesitancy and promote vaccination.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vaccine Hesitancy
  topic: keywords
subject: Persons with Disabilities
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Attitudes and Practices (KAP)
  topic: keywords
subject: Cameroon
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Advocacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Jerome Nyhalah Dinga
creator: Sharris Echari
creator: Benjamin Pokam
creator: Andreas Ateke Njoh
creator: Aishwarya Salian
creator: Stanley Gamua Dobgima
creator: Joseph Marie Essissima Amougou
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-04-08
publication date: 2025-04-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)110

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Risk Factors and Injury Mechanisms. A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a highly prevalent injury, particularly among athletes, and poses significant physical and psychological challenges that negatively impact quality of life. Numerous risk factors (RFs) and injury mechanisms (IMs) have been described. However, the validity of many studies in this field is questionable, underscoring the need for a critical evaluation of the existing research. This systematic review (SR) aims to assess the quality of the recent literature on ACL ruptures and identify the primary evidence based RFs and IMs. Methods: This SR included review article published within the last five years and indexed in the PubMed database. Eligible studies focused on potential RFs and IMs associated with ACL rupture. Studies focusing on surgical or conservative treatments, concomitant injuries, or exclusively post-surgical populations were excluded. The selection process followed PRISMA guidelines, and the quality of the included articles was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results: A total of 10 SRs, encompassing findings from 218 individual studies, were included. Of these, 8 reviews were rated as "critically low quality," 1 as "low quality," and 1 as "moderate quality." The analysis identified 13 potential RFs and 3 primary IMs associated with ACL rupture. Conclusions: The overall methodological quality of the research is low, with the majority of SRs rated as "critically low." Key RFs identified include sport-specific demands, sex, neuromuscular characteristics, and a family history of ACL injury. Primary IMs associated with ACL rupture include stiff landings, heel-strike landings, knee hyperextension, valgus collapse, and internal rotation. These findings underscore the urgent need for higher-quality research to improve understanding of ACL risks and inform the development of effective prevention programs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anterior Cruciate Ligament
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Injury Mechanisms
  topic: keywords
creator: Pedro Figueiredo
creator: Rodrigo Leitão
creator: João Branco
creator: João Pinheiro
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-04-05
publication date: 2025-04-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)107

Detection of Malnourished Children Below 5 years in Darchula, Nepal: The Impact of Universal Community-Based Screening
type: item
description: Background: Proper nutrition is vital for health and the wellbeing of children. It supports physical growth, brain development, better immune function, prevent malnutrition and reduces the risk of mortality during the early period of life. However, reduction of malnutrition of the children remains highly concerning challenge globally and a priority (P1) program for the government of Nepal. The proportion of stunted and wasted children below 5 years of age children in Sudurpashchim province were 41 and 14 per thousand live births, respectively, which is significantly higher than the national data, which is 32 and 12 per thousand live births, respectively. These children are at greater risk of morbidity and mortality due to severe acute malnutrition. Hence, it was necessary to conduct a district wide campaign to effectively detect malnourished children. Methods: The Health Office of Darchula of Sudurpashchim province conducted a district wide campaign reaching out to take anthropometric assessment of children below the age of five years between July 1, 2021, and October 15, 2021. The data collected was analyzed to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition by types and severity among children of the study group. Materials and Methods: The number of children below five from the Darchula District of Sudurpashchim province 5953. The data collected from these children was analyzed using universal anthropometric assessment. The Emergency Nutrition Assessment (ENA) for Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions (SMART) software was used to find out the prevalence of malnourished children in Darchula District of Sudurpashchim province of Nepal. The data was collected between July 1, 2021, and October 15, 2021. The study intended to analyse the findings out of 5953 under 5 children assessed from 43 wards of Darchula district where were done. severe acute malnutrition in terms of z-scores, oedema and 95% confidence intervals were obtained from data of the nu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anthropometric Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: District-Wide Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Malnutrition
  topic: keywords
subject: Emergency Nutrition Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions
  topic: keywords
subject: Sudurpashchim Province
  topic: keywords
creator: Jagadish Joshi
creator: Irshad Ahmed
creator: Anicet Ntisumbwa
creator: run Kumar Joshi
creator: Sunita Sharma
creator: Krishna Kumar Deo
creator: Khem Narayan PokhreKhem Narayan Pokhrel
creator: Jay Raj Bhatta
creator: Yogendra Shah
creator: Jerome Nyhalah Dinga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-04-26
publication date: 2025-04-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)111

A Methodological Review of Artificial Intelligence Technology Application in Mental Health Disorders
type: item
description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly gained attention for its potential in diagnosing, treating, and managing mental health disorders, addressing critical gaps in traditional mental healthcare. This study explores the application of AI technologies, models, and datasets to mental health disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and PTSD. A systematic review of 40 peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2024 was conducted, sourced from PubMed and Google Scholar. The review examines AI techniques such as machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP), used in building AI models with diverse data types, including neuroimaging and body signals. Popular models observed include Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Ensembling models. These models have various applications in developing technologies and phenomena such as wearable sensors and digital phenotyping, intending to improve mental healthcare. One of the potentials of AI is in overcoming traditional mental health challenges, including limited access and high costs. Although our findings indicate significant advancements in AI's diagnostic accuracy and personalised intervention potential. However, limitations persist, raising questions about AI’s reliability. This review identifies challenges and limitations with present-day AI technologies. Some of these are model performance, and barriers to widespread implementation, such as privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and the need for diverse datasets. Recommendations for future research are provided, emphasising the need for larger, more inclusive datasets, research diversity, and the integration of AI into real-world clinical settings to optimise patient outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnostic Accuracy
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical Application
  topic: keywords
subject: Technology
  topic: keywords
creator: Nwoye EO
creator: Abdulgafaar MA
creator: Okodeh SO
creator: Aguda O
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-04-04
publication date: 2025-04-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)108

A Qualitative Cross-Sectional Study Aimed at Identifying Barriersto Accessing Routine Vaccinations and Strategies for Improvement: Perspectives from Healthcare Workers in the City of Buea in Cameroon
type: item
description: Background: Vaccination is a vital public health intervention that has saved millions of lives worldwide. In Cameroon, however, challenges persist in vaccination coverage, especially in the Buea region, where access and uptake remain uneven. This study aimed to assess the barriers to routine vaccination access in Buea from the perspectives of healthcare workers and identify strategies to improve vaccination coverage in children below five years. Methods: The study used qualitative research design with in-depth interviews based on the WHO BeSD tool. Healthcare workers, including nurses and midwives with at least one year of vaccination experience, were recruited from various health facilities in the city of Buea. The interviews explored participants' views on vaccination access, barriers, and potential solutions. Audio recordings were transcribed, and thematic analysis was carried out using Dedoose software. Results: Sixteen female healthcare providers, with an average age of 30 ± 5 years, participated in the study. The primary barriers to vaccination access identified were adverse reactions, false rumors, financial limitations, follow-up challenges, missed appointments, inaccessibility, vaccine shortages, poor cold chain management, inadequate staffing, negative past experiences, limited knowledge of vaccine importance, children's poor health, vaccine refusal, religious influences, and the unavailability of caregivers. Healthcare workers proposed several strategies to improve vaccination services, such as better communication with patients, community outreach and follow-up, ongoing education, enhancing cold chain management, increasing the workforce, and addressing cultural and religious factors. They highlighted the need to counter false rumors, provide financial support, and improve accessibility to vaccination services. Conclusion: This study reveals the multifaceted barriers to vaccination access in Buea from the healthcare workers' perspectives. Overcoming thes…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vaccination Access
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Workers
  topic: keywords
subject: Barriers
  topic: keywords
subject: Immunization Strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Jerome Nyhalah Dinga
creator: Vincent P K Titanji
creator: Elizabeth Mbonge Dinga
creator: Stanley Dobgima Gamua
creator: Synthia Eni Muki
creator: Glory Enjong Mbah
creator: Andreas Ateke Njoh
creator: Irshad Ahmed
creator: Fred Ngwa Ngunjoh
creator: Nicholas Tendengfor
creator: Joseph Marie Essissima Amougou
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-04-08
publication date: 2025-04-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)109

Nightmare Disorders: Pharmacotherapy or Psychotherapy as The First Line Treatment?
type: item
description: Nightmares are almost an ubiquitous phenomenon but only nightmare disorders would need to be treated. Nightmare disorders result from a variety of causes including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, or idiosyncrasy. Nightmare disorders can be treated by either pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy. We performed literature search to explore eighteen possible harmacotherapies and eleven possible psychotherapies for nightmare disorders to identify the best pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy through an evidence based approach. For PTSD-related nightmare disorders, topiramate as the first line and nabilone as the second line pharmacotherapy whereas cognitive behavior therapy, imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT), and exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy as the appropriate psychotherapies are recommended. For non-PTSD related nightmare disorders, triazolam or nitrazepam as the first line pharmacotherapy and IRT as the psychotherapy of choice are recommended. We then compared between all pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies to identify the best treatment for nightmare disorders in patients with and without post-traumatic stress disorder. For PTSD related nightmare disorders, pharmacotherapy is prioritized over psychotherapy. For non-PTSD related nightmare disorders, either pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy can be offered as the first line treatment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nightmare
  topic: keywords
subject: Prazosin
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Behavior Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: ERRT
  topic: keywords
subject: PTSD
  topic: keywords
creator: Nancy Lentz
creator: Pei-Chang Liu
creator: Marylou A Dulay
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-04-01
publication date: 2025-04-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)106

Resilience, Dedication, and Training: A Study on Nurses Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Albania
type: item
description: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic supplied remarkable challenges for healthcare workers globally, with nurses in Albania playing an important role in response efforts. expertise their studies, challenges, and perceptions throughout this era is essential to tell future preparedness techniques and support the healthcare body of workers. Aims: This study aimed to explore demographic characteristics, stress levels, adherence to safety measures, impact on professional relationships, and overall perceptions of nurses in Albania during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on training experiences. Methods: Population and Sample Selection: The study was conducted with the participation of 160 nurses randomly selected from hospitals and Health Centres in Tirana, Albania. Data were collected in May 2021. The sample included nurses from various services, including Infection,Oncology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Endocrinology, Neurology, and Psychiatry, as well as primary healthcare services in Health Centres No. 10 and No. 3 in Tirana. Sample Size: After being knowledgeable approximately, the purpose of the take a look at, a pattern of 160 participating nurses filled out questionnaires at their workplaces anonymously and voluntarily. Statistical Analyses: A questionnaire with 32 questions was used for this study. After the forms were completed by 160 nurses, all data were collected into a database and then analyzed. They are expressed in numerical data but also in percentages to have a clearer picture. It is a descriptive study. Survey methodology was used. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the statistical survey over 11 days. Results: The study conducted in May 2021 with 160 nurses revealed significant observations regarding their demographics, including gender distribution, years of experience, education levels, and age distribution. Stress levels were found to peak at the onset of the pandemic but showed a gradual decline over time. Nurses demonstra…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nurses
  topic: keywords
subject: Albania
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19 Pandemic
  topic: keywords
subject: Stress Levels
  topic: keywords
subject: Safety Measures
  topic: keywords
subject: Professional Relationships
  topic: keywords
subject: Training Experiences
  topic: keywords
subject: Preparedness Strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Mirela Tushe
creator: Griselda Korçari Korçari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-01-12
publication date: 2025-01-12
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)103

Examining the Awareness Level, Prevalence and the Risk Factors that Reinforce the Schistosoma Life cycle and Its Transmission among Children in the Bosomtwe District, Ghana
type: item
description: Background: Schistosomiasis is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in poor communities without access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. Objective: The study aimed at examining the awareness level, prevalence and the risk factors that reinforce the schistosoma lifecycle and its transmission among children in the Bosomtwe District, Ghana. Methods: The study was conducted cross-sectionally and made used of positivists approach where 333 children were enrolled. These children were made to provide a 10ml urine sample, which was examined microscopically for schistosoma haematobium eggs. Data were collected using the on-line data tool Kobo Collect. Results: Out of 333 participants, median age was 14 (IQR: 12-15); 50.50% were female. Urinary schistosomiasis prevalence was 30.60%, with main predictor being urinating in fresh water (multivariate analysis). The bivariate analysis revealed that age group 11-14[2.56 (1.01-6.46) 0.047], staying close to a fresh water source [2.95 (1.75-5.00) <0.001], swimming/bathing [11.18 (4.70-26) <0.001], walking barefoot [12.00 (5.05-28.50) <0.001], drinking [4.36 (2.63-7.22) <0.001], urinating [6.36 (3.70- 10.95) <0.001], and fetching from fresh water source [2.11 (1.28-3.44) 0.003] were significantly associated with urinary schistosomiasis. Children urinating in fresh water were 3 times more likely to have schistosomiasis compared to those who did not (aOR=2.93, CI=1.41-6.08, p=0.004). Only 30% were aware, while 69.4% lacked access to clean toilets. Conclusion: The findings emphasise the urgent need for targeted interventions to raise awareness about safe sanitation practices and to provideaccess to clean toilet facilities, especially in high-risk areas.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Childhood
  topic: keywords
subject: Lifecycle
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Reinforce
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Factor
  topic: keywords
subject: Schistosoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Schistosomiasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Transmission
  topic: keywords
subject: Urinary Schistosomiasis
  topic: keywords
creator: Anthony Edward Boakye
creator: Elizabeth Anaba
creator: Rita Tekpertey
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-01-08
publication date: 2025-01-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)104

Barriers Related to the Follow-up of the Vaccinal Schedule for the 2nd Dose of The Measles and Rubes Vaccine in The Bafia Health District
type: item
description: Introduction: Compliance with measles-rubella (MR) vaccine completeness is a performance indicator for the immunisation service and helps to protect children. The aim of the study was to determine the factors influencing behavioural change linked to achieving MR2 vaccination coveragein the Bafia health district. Materials and Methods: This quantitative research conducted in the Bafia health district in May-June 2024 assessed the knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions of 51 mothers of children aged between 15 months and 2 years in the community. Results: 45% of mothers declared that their children had not received the 2nd dose of MR and 45% were not familiar with the vaccination schedule. The factor significantly associated with non-compliance with the vaccination schedule was accurate knowledge of the vaccination schedule (Chisquare =34.412; P-value-0.00). 69% of mothers were partially satisfied with vaccination services and 33% felt that the vaccination site was too far away. The barriers identified were knowledge, access to information and financial resources at individual, family, community and institutional levels respectively. Conclusion: In order to improve measles vaccination coverage in the Bafia health district, our suggestions focused on: training/raising awareness among mothers; organisation of advanced vaccination strategies, community involvement and nudge.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Measles
  topic: keywords
subject: Vaccination
  topic: keywords
subject: Bafia
  topic: keywords
creator: Bangai Tizi Nasser
creator: Yves Bertrand Djouda
creator: Baran A Bidias
creator: Tagne Nossi Alain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2025-03-06
publication date: 2025-03-06
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2025(2)105

Women’s Perspectives on the Role of Community Health Workers in Planning Family-Community Based Study in a Rural, Remote Region
type: item
description: Background: Community health workers (CHWs) are believed to play pivotal role in enhancing rural health, including guidance, assistance to couples in planning family. In India, Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), special cadre of CHWs, program was introduced to bolster maternal child health, though their roles got extended to broader health initiatives. However, ASHAs’ contribution to planning family does not seem to be to their full potential. Need to harness this special cadre of CHWs to promote planned families in rural communities is evident. Methodology: Community based study was conducted over two years in a remote hilly region, in 140 villages with health care facility, (Study Center) in one of them. Study sample comprised of 4500 women aged 20 to 49 Yrs. from diverse educational backgrounds, professions, economic status, and parity. Data was collected through interviews using predesigned structured questionnaire. Results: Study revealed varied perceptions of CHWs roles in planning family among rural tribal women. Most respondents said that CWHs need to motivate health facility births and bring children to immunization clinics, 56%. However, their role in encouraging planning family was less acknowledged 12 to 33%. Sterilization was most widely recognized method of planned family, where CWHs were expected to be facilitators, upto 75% Age, education. economic status, jobs, number of child births affected their perceptions and expectations. However most Women did expect CHWs to arrange family planning programs. Conclusion: Present study underscores need for more robust awareness amongst communities about role of CHWs in promoting planned families in rural tribal communities. Strengthening ASHAs involvement in comprehensive family planning awareness, bridging gap between healthcare systems and communities, in planning families especially in remote regions is imperative.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Community Health Workers
  topic: keywords
subject: Planning Family
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Health Services
  topic: keywords
subject: Accredited Social Health Activists
  topic: keywords
subject: Family Planning Services
  topic: keywords
creator: Chhabra S
creator: Sao PK PK
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2024(1)102

Endemic Period COVID-19 Risk Evolution Between 2023 and 2024 Years in a General Medicine Office in Toledo, Spain. Incidence Rate and Other Risk Measures are Declining or Stable
type: item
description: Background: The evolution of community risk measures for covid-19 infection from 2023 to 2024 is not clearly known. Objective: To know the evolution of risk measures of cases of covid-19 from October 1, 2022 to October 1, 2024 in a general medicine consultation in Toledo, Spain. Methodology: Comparison of the covid-19 Incidence Rate, Relative Risk and Attributable Risk in 2023 year versus covid-19 in 2024 (group with very broad hybrid immunity), based on data from previous longitudinal studies, all of them carried out in the same population of patients treated in a general medicine office in Toledo, Spain. Results: 76 covid-19 cases from October 2022 to October 2023 (1 year at risk) and 54 covid-19 cases from October 2023 to October 2024 (1 year at risk) were included, for a population at risk of 2,000 people. The raw Incidence Rate in 2024 vs. 2023 was lower (3% vs. 4%), Relative Risks were protective or equal and Attributable Risks were negative or equal for all variables studied (relative risk of moderate severe severity and the presence of chronic diseases had not changed). The following statistical significances were found in 2024 vs. 2023: lower Relative Risks for the entire population [RR= 0.75 (X2= 3.8481. p= .049801)], for women [0.6 (X2= 4.319. p= .037689)], and for socio-health workers [0.46 (X2= 4.2686. p= .038823)]. Conclusion: In general practice setting in Toledo, Spain, in 2024 vs. 2023 the incidence of covid-19 and other risk measures are decreasing or it are stable. Population at risk with greater hybrid immunity is better prepared than 2023 to avoid cases of covid-19, but the relative risk of moderate severe severity (which was already low) and the presence of chronic diseases (which was already high) have not changed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: SARS-CoV-2
  topic: keywords
subject: Population Surveillance/ Methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemiological Characteristic
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health Practice
  topic: keywords
subject: General Practice
  topic: keywords
creator: Jose Luis Turabian
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine
date: 2024-11-19
publication date: 2024-11-19
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.47363/JFMPM/2024(1)101