Journal of Food Technology & Nutrition Sciences
Journal of Food Technology & Nutrition Sciences is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Food Technology & Nutrition Sciences. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of Research, Review, Case Reports, Analysis, Magazines, Editorials, Opinion, Communications, Mini-review, Short Communications, Picturized, Book Review, Video type and Power Point Presentations (PPTS). Articles can be submitted through online from https://www.onlinescientificresearch.com/submit-online or can send through an e-mail with attachment for nutritionsciences@onlinescientificresearch.info
Clinical nutrition is a valuable tool for improving the nutritional status of patients with or at risk of malnutrition. Proteins are not stored in the human body, therefore, optimal quality and quantity of proteins in clinical nutritional products are of key importance for a successful clinical nutritional therapy. According to the recent trend in food industry and customer behaviour, plant-originated and even insect-derived proteins are seen as alternative protein sources to the traditionally used dairy proteins. However, amino acid profiles and thus, biological values of these protein sources are different from the widely used milk-derived proteins and may have a negative influence on the success of the clinical nutritional therapy. Moreover, production and safety regulations are not yet completely developed for the use of alternative protein sources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Food Technology & Nutrition Sciences
FoodVisor: An AI-Powered Food Label Analysis System for Ingredient Interpretation and Personalized Dietary Recommendations
FoodVisor is an AI-powered food label analysis system that offers personalized ingredient interpretation and dietary recommendations. Users input health data securely (AES- 128 encryption), and scan product labels using OCR or barcodes. A hybrid AI model combining Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and a fine-tuned LLaMA 2 analyzes ingredients in context with user allergies and medical conditions. Integrated APIs support nutritional logging and product verification. FoodVisor also works via browser extension for online shopping, bridging ingredient transparency with personalized dietary safety through advanced NLP, OCR, and cloud deployment.
Production Stages of Berbere (Pepper Powder) in Ethiopia
Red or dark red peppers are used to make Berbere (pepper powder), and various spices are used to bring more flavor and fragrance. Berbere is consumed as it is, and cooked with vegetables that are often used to make sauces (wet), pastes, and pickles throughout the country. In this study, the traditional production stages, equipment’s, and sources of energy were described. The production stages, spices used as well as the raw materials utilized vary among households, villages and localities. Since the current study presents a flow chart of the various steps involved in producing stages of Berbere, it may be useful to people who wish to scale up Berbere processing in the future. Based on the finding of this survey, it is recommended to optimizing the processes.
Georgian Endemic Wheat: Agrobiological Diversity and Prospectsfor Innovative Applications
Georgian endemic wheat represents a unique genetic resource, integrating ancient agrobiodiversity with high nutritional and functional potential. This review highlights the historical cultivation, genetic diversity, and distinctive agronomic traits of five endemic species: Triticum timopheevii (Chelta Zanduri), T. zhukovskyi (hexaploid Zanduri), T. palaeocolchicum (Colchic/Georgian wheat), T. macha (Macha), and T. carthlicum (Dika). These cultivars exhibit remarkable adaptation to diverse climatic conditions, resilience against complex diseases, and high-quality grain, including elevated protein content and significant levels of essential amino acids. Georgian endemic wheat and its by-products (kato, sprouts) demonstrate functional properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities. The bioactive compounds contribute to gastrointestinal health, reduction of cardiovascular risk, and present potential for incorporation into innovative functional foods, non-alcoholic beverages, and cosmetic products. Conservation and scientific utilization of these endemic varieties are crucial for sustainable breeding programs, agrobiodiversity preservation, and the development of high-value, health-promoting products.
Polymicrobial Chronic Wound Infections and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profiles in Diabetic Patients Attending to Dongola Diabetic Center,Northern State, Sudan 2023-2025
Background: Chronic wounds are frequently infected with multiple bacterial or fungal species, which can both promote or inhibit each other. Network analyses are helpful to understand the interplay of these species in polymicrobial infections. This study aimed to determine bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity in diabetic foot wounds. Methods: Swabs (n = 160) from chronic wound infections (Dongola diabetic centers, Sudan, 2023–2025) were screened for bacterial isolates using nonselective agars and selective media. Species identification was done with cultural methods and biochemical reactions, antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Network analysis was performed to investigate co- occurrence of different species within one patient. All species with ≥ 105 isolates were taken into account. Results: Of the 160 specimens from 160 diabetic patients, 88 (55%) were males, 152 (95%) specimens revealed positive bacterial pathogen(s) isolation. According to the gender 86 (97.7%) and 66 (91.6%) females showed positive bacterial pathogen(s) isolation. Positive bacterial pathogen(s) isolation rate in relation to the age groups was 100% in; 19-29, 40-49, 60- 69years and 70-more than years. The isolated bacterial patterns were 34 (22.5%) with a single pathogen, 44 (28.9%) with two pathogens, 52 (34.2%) with three pathogens, 14 (9.9%) with four pathogens, 8 (5.5%) more than four pathogens. The common isolated pathogen was Staphylococcus. Aureus Antimicrobial sensitivity testing of bacterial isolates showed that Imipenem was effective in all bacteria. Conclusion: The culture of chronic wounds in Dongola diabetic center patients is high and characterized by the co-occurrence of multiple pathogens, more than two pathogens. The broad-spectrum antibacterial agent Imipenem is the most suitable antibiotic for treatment of diabetic wound infections. Further studies including anaerobic bacteria is needed.
Proximate and Phytochemical Properties of Weaning Food from Flour Blends of Millet (Pennisetum Glaucum) and Lyon Bean (Mucuna Cochinchinensis)
Proximate and Phytochemical Properties of Weaning Food from Flour Blends of Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and Lyon Bean (Mucuna cochinchinensis). The formulated samples were analyzed for proximate and phytochemical properties. Moisture content ranged from 4.00% (Nutrend) to 10.41% (Diet 1), with significant differences (p < 0.05) among samples. Crude protein was highest in Diet 2 (24.75%) and lowest in Diet 3 (10.51%). Nutrend exhibited the highest energy value (400.07 Kcal/100g), crude fibre (4.93%), and carbohydrate (63.79%), but lowest tannins (0.03 mg/100g), oxalates (0.0 mg/100g), and phenols (0.00%). Anti-nutrients (trypsin inhibitor, phytate) were generally low, with significant differences (p < 0.05) among samples. Overall, Nutrend exhibited superior nutritional and safety profiles, while formulated diets showed potential for optimization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Food Technology & Nutrition Sciences
Total Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Constituents of Hydroethanolic Extract of Fruits and Seeds of Opuntia dilleniid (Ker Gawl) Haw. Cultivated in Tunisia
Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl) Haw. have been widely used due to their nutritional composition and beneficial effects on health and are now used as medicinal plants in various countries. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical constituents and the antioxidant potential of fruits and seeds hydroethanolic extracts of Opuntia dillenii L. cultivated in Tunisia. The highest values of total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) were obtained in seeds extract in the order of 50.51 mg GAE/g DE, and 8.30 mg mg RE/g DE, respectively. Similarly, Opuntia fruits extract exhibited a higher potent antioxidant activity and the IC50 value reached 0.22 mg/ mL. The major polyphenolic compounds, determined by HPLC, were gallic acid, procatechic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid and quinic acid for fruits extract. While sinapic acid and luteolin were the most compounds for seeds extract. These findings suggest that O. dillenii fruits and seeds extract are a promising natural source of bioactive molecules with beneficial properties for human health and could be useful in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals industries.
In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Anti-Helminthic and Antimicrobial Activity of Pet. Ether Fractions of the Stem Bark of Macaranga Barteri
The stem bark of Macaranga Barteri is used as a worm expellant and gonorrhea management. This research evaluates the bioactivities of ethanolic and petroleum ether fractions of the stem bark of Macaranga Barteri. Standard methods were employed for phytochemical screening. The broth dilution method was utilized in antimicrobial activity. DPPH assay was used for antioxidant activity. In vitro anti-helminthic activity was determined using earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae). There were forty-eight fractions (W1-W48) and was bulked into W(W1-W8), X(W9-W15), Y(W16-W33) and Z(W34-W48). Glycoside was in petroleum ether fractions for W. Phenolics and saponins were present in fraction X. Steroids, Polyphenols and saponins were in fraction Y. Phenols, steroids, tannins, terpenoid, glycosides, phytosterol, polyphenols and saponins were present in fraction Z. MIC of 12.5±0.017 were obtained for the pet. ether fractions X against Streptococcus aureus. The IC50 of the most potent pet. ether fraction, X and the reference drug. With DPPH scavenging activity were 15.47±0.01 and 51.95±0.01. At 20 µg/ml. However, At 20 µg/mL, the paralysis and death time for both the pet. ether fraction Y and Mebendazole drug were 20.23±15 min, 31.60±18min and 53.06±2.89 min, 82.03±47.37 min. The pet. ether fractions of Macaranga Barteri possess antioxidant, anti-helminthic, and antimicrobial activities.
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)
Early Warning Mechanism for Waterborne Diseases: Contribution of Food Technologies to Health Prevention
Limited access to safe drinking water remains a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa and is a direct cause of numerous waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, and acute diarrhea. This article highlights the role of food and digital technologies in establishing early warning mechanisms capable of preventing these diseases. The proposed approach integrates water purification, safe food packaging, detection sensors, and mobile telephony as community alert vectors.
Synergetic Effect of Ethanolic Extracts of Cyperus Esculentus (Tiger Nut) and Ripe Musa Acuminata (Banana) Peel on an Arsenic Induced Testicular Damage in Adult Male Rats
Background: Arsenic is a toxic environmental contaminant that poses significant risks to human reproductive health. This study explored the comparative effect of ethanolic extract of tiger nut and ripe banana peel on arsenic-induced testicular toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Methodology: Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were procured, acclimatized, and grouped into seven groups. Group A served as the control, receiving standard feed and water. Group B received 500 mg/kg of tiger nut extract. Group C received 500 mg/kg of banana extract. Group D received a 10 mg/kg of arsenic acid, Group E and F received 20 mg/kg of arsenic acid for 6 days and 500 mg/kg ethanolic extract of tiger nut and banana respectively, Group G received 20 mg/kg of arsenic acid and combined 500 mg/kg of tiger nut extract and 500 mg/kg of banana extract. Oral extract administration lasted for 22 days. The study evaluated sperm parameters, testosterone levels, and histopathological analysis of the testes. Results: The groups receiving tiger nut and banana supplements showed significant improvements in reproductive parameters. The group that received arsenic alone (Group D) exhibited the lowest sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology and serum testicular levels of all the test groups. Sperm count, motility, morphology and serum testosterone levels improved significantly In groups treated with either Cyperrus esculentus or Ripe Musa acuminate or a combination of both extracts after exposure to arsenic when compared to the group that was administered arsenic alone. Histopathological findings revealed enhanced spermatogenesis and testicular architecture integrity in the treated groups, with the combined diet showing the most pronounced effect, displaying fewer degenerated seminiferous tubules and increased germ cell layers. Conclusion: The combination of tiger nut and banana supplementation improves reproductive parameters and testicular histoarchitecture in adult male Wistar rats, suggesting potential benefits for male reproductive health.
Identify Effective Methos for Reducing Tannin Content in Cashew Apple Juice Using Different Clarifying Agents
Cashew apple and its juice are used in various value-added products, such as fruit juice, syrup, canned fruit, jam, jelly, wine, vinegar, candy, and beverages. However, there has not yet been any research conducted on cashew apple syrup. Cashew apple juice contains tannins, which cause astringency and dark coloration, leading to a final product that loses both its texture and taste. Therefore, selecting appropriate processing cashew apple juice involves using different clarifying agents, including T0 (no clarifying agent), T1 (Tapioca starch), T2 (corn starch), T3 (gelatin), T4 (rice starch), and T5 (rice gruel) has been studied with the aim of analyzing its physico-chemical composition. Physio-Chemical analyses revealed significant differences among treatments in total soluble solids (4.05–6.60 °Brix), total acidity (0.42–0.61%), vitamin C content (103.84–111.63 mg/100 mL), tannin content (39.50–95.90 mg TAE/100 mL), phenolic content (116.04–182.74 mg GAE/100 mL), and turbidity (0.01–1.49 AU), while pH values (4.00–4.15) remained statistically non-significant. The results of the study revealed that using rice gruel as a clarifying agent is an effective treatment in removing tannins from fresh cashew apple juice and results in greater clarity compared to other treatments.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Bread Enriched with Natural Ingredients
This study examines the physicochemical properties and energy value of bread produced using conventional baking technology and formulations enriched with whey, flaxseed, and wheat bran. Organoleptic evaluations were conducted to assess the impact of these natural additives on the sensory profile of the final product. The incorporation of whey, flaxseed, and bran significantly affected crumb moisture, titratable acidity, porosity, and macronutrient composition, including protein, fat, and carbohydrate content. Specifically, the enriched bread exhibited a crumb moisture content of 39.8%, titratable acidity of 4.9 °T, and porosity of 74.9%. Its energy value was calculated at 239.78 kcal per 100 g. Beyond improvements in taste and texture, the presence of bioactive compounds derived from both plant-based and animal-based ingredients enhanced the biological activity of the bread. The results support the classification of the enriched product as a functional food, with potential therapeutic, prophylactic, and preventive health benefits.
Nutritional Status and Characteristics Associated with Undernourishment for Children Under Five Years
A cross sectional study design was utilized to assess the nutrition status of children under five years and its association with demographic and socio-economic characteristics, food security, water availability, hygiene and sanitation. Caregivers who were present in the hospital provided answers to research interviewers on Open data kit (ODK). The targeted 236 respondents randomly sampled were recruited into the study. The respondents were mothers/caregivers of children between the ages of 6-59 months. Anthropometry data from the survey was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Emergency. Half of the respondents (52%) were females while men accounted for 48% of the responses with an average age of 27 years. Majority of the respondents (22%) had completed secondary school education with those who did not attend school accounting for the least percentage of 2.1%. The study established that self-employment was the main source of income for households with a prevalence of 34.1%. Salaried employment came second with 30.1% while farming was the least income generating activity with 3.2%. The average household size reported was six with the highest number being 12. The minimum number of occupants in a single household to be recorded was two. Majority of the study population depended on tap water (95.8%), while only a few households used rain water (0.4%). To purify water for consumption, 28% of the residents used chemicals to treat water, 7.6% used traditional herbs to make drinking water safe for consumption. About 11.9% boiled water while the remaining 5.1% attain safety of the drinking water through sieving and filtering. A substantial percentage (70%) of the households in Banadir used flash toilets. Ventilated improved latrines was utilized by 21% of the residents while 9% used traditional pit latrines as their toilet facility. The percentage of children aged 6-59 months with wasting were 13.3%, moderately wasted (9.7%) and 3.6 % were severely wasted. The prevalence of stunting in children was 30.8%. More than three-quarters (69.2%) of the children aged 6-59 months were normal while 13.8% were moderately and 4.6% were severely stunted. About 9.0% of children aged. 6-59 months old were underweight
A Study on Assessment of Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children Attending Anganwadi Centres of Bagchung Block of Jorhat District, Assam
The present study has been undertaken to assess the nutritional status of pre-school children attending Anganwadi centres of Bagchung block of Jorhat district, Assam.200 children in the age group of 2-5 years were selected by random sampling method. The results of the study revealed that the mean height of the 2-5 years children was significantly lower than the 95th centiles values of height (ICMR)(p>0.05). The mean weight of the 2-5 years children was significantly lower than the 95th centile values of weight (ICMR)(p>0.05). According to WHO (2007) Z-scores of height-for-age revealed that 75% of the 2-5 years children were in the normal range of nutritional status whereas 25% were stunted. While the nutritional status was assessed in terms of WHO (2007) Z-scores of weight-for-age, it was revealed that 70% of the 2-5 years children were in the normal range of nutritional status while 30% were underweight. The study revealed that there was prevalence of undernutrition among the target children. Nutrition intervention programmes should be carried out to create awareness on importance of balanced diet and adequate nutrition as well as the importance of growth assessment during the early childhood years to overcome the problem of childhood malnutrition.
Role of Psychobiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome & Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Microbial Mechanism
Background: Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when taken in sufficient quantities, have positive effects on health. The gut microbes are important in maintaining the balanced and healthy gut bacteria and are also known as “friendly” or “good” bacteria. Dysbiosis (imbalance in the good bacteria) in the gastrointestinal microbial composition is identified as a major contributor to chronic inflammatory conditions. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are prevalent gastrointestinal disorders characterized by chronic inflammation and dysregulation of gut function, respectively. Purpose: To study and analyse the gut microbiome mechanism that plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of gut. This review is a comprehensive analysis of current research on the therapeutic potential of probiotics in managing IBD and IBS. Summary and Future Findings: This review highlights the mechanism of the gut microbiome that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of both conditions, thus paving the way for microbiome-based therapies such as probiotics. The use of Psychobiotics (Probiotics that help in maintaining good gut health and mental health) should be a practicing approach in dealing with the gut related diseases.
Physicochemical Characterization and Fatty Acid Profiling of Pachira Insignis Seed Oil by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Edible fats and oils as important components of food and food products have been commercially sourced for nutritional, industrial and medicinal applications. The demand for quality oils has lately increased due to population growth and education on the numerous health benefits of the so-called good oils. There has, therefore, been a wide gap between demand and supply of quality oils even though there are myriads of underutilized oil producing plants available to be tapped as sources of quality oils. The purpose of this work was to extract oils from the seeds of Pachira insignis, to determine the percentage oil yield, physicochemical properties and fatty acid compositions. The seed oil was extracted using pressurized liquid extraction technique and percentage oil content was determined. Physicochemical properties were characterized using standard methods whilst Fatty acid content of the oil was profiled using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The mean percentage oil yields obtained was 38.9 %w/w ± 1.015. The results of physicochemical properties determined gave a range of 0.909 - 0.915 for specific gravity, 0.898 - 0.900 g/cm3 for density, 1.465 - 1.473 for refractive index and 0.670 – 0.674 % respectively for moisture content. The range for free fatty acid and acid value ranged from 3.069 – 3.097 % and 6.107 – 6.163 mg KOH g-1 respectively. Finally, the ranges obtained for iodine value, Peroxide values and saponification number were 47.915 – 50.045 g 100g-1, 0.447 – 0.449 meq O2/kg and 185.492 – 187.498 mg KOH g-1 respectively. The recorded percentage unsaturated fatty acid content of the seed oil was 72.26 %. The results of the analysis show that, Pachira insignis seeds contain enough oil content with physicochemical properties that indicate their suitability for use as domestic and industrial applications. The oils also possess high content of unsaturated fatty acids indicating that the oils are high grade oils. The seed oil can therefore serve as a potential source of commercial oil for nutritional, medicinal and industrial purposes.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Cashew Nut Variety M23 (Anacardium Occidental L.) Grown in Cambodia
The cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) has become one of Cambodia’s fastest-growing agricultural export commodities, contributing significantly to rural livelihoods and national income. Despite the country’s favorable agroecological conditions and increasing cultivation area, particularly in Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri, Kratie, Stung Treng, Kampong Thom, and Preah Vihear provinces. The scientific data on the quality characteristics and post-harvest performance of Cambodian cashew nuts remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the physical, chemical, and nutritional quality of cashew kernels collected from these major producing provinces and to compare their performance with international standards to identify key challenges and opportunities for industry improvement. The physicochemical characteristics content of cashew nuts studied by analyzing protein, fat, fiber and. Results shown that average nut weight varied from 6.5 g to 8.1 g, while shelling percentage ranged between 28.4% and 32.1%. The chemical composition analysis indicated that Cambodian cashew kernels contained 43.6–47.2% fat, 18.3–21.1% protein, 26.8–29.5% carbohydrates, and 2.1-2.6% ash, confirming their high nutritional value. The highest lipid content was recorded (47.2%), which correlated positively with kernel outturn, suggesting that soil fertility and microclimatic conditions influence both nut size and oil accumulation. Mineral analysis revealed that Cambodian cashew kernels are rich in magnesium (255–278 mg/100 g) and zinc (4.2–4.8 mg/100 g), comparable to global reference values. These results reinforce the potential of Cambodian cashew as a nutritionally valuable and export-grade product. However, the study identified several constraints affecting overall quality consistency. Postharvest drying practices were found to be highly variable, with limited access to mechanized dryers and heavy reliance on sun drying, which often exposes nuts to moisture fluctuations and contamination. In conclusion, Cambodia possesses substantial potential to become a competitive cashew exporter in Southeast Asia, provided that improvements in postharvest management, drying technology, and quality standardization are prioritized. Establishing cooperative-based drying and grading centers, supported by government and private partnerships, would significantly enhance quality control and export value. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for policymakers, processors, and exporters to design targeted interventions that enhance the sustainability and profitability of the Cambodian cashew industry while ensuring product quality that meets international market demands.
Grapes Biologically Active Substances Using in the Bread Production
A study of total phenols, tannins and antioxidant activity transferred in bread enriched with grape pips flour and Rkatsiteli wine was conducted. When adding 20 ml of Rkatsiteli, the amount of total phenols was 228 mg/l, when adding 30 ml - 315 mg/l. The amount of tannins was 74.45 mg/l and 82.71 mg/l, respectively. And the antioxidant activity was 43.41% and 57.78%. In the mentioned samples, the effect of adding wine was expressed organoleptically more in taste, smell and color than in the amount of chemical parameters transferred from the wine. However, it should be noted that the transfer of phenolic compounds from wine to bread has added antioxidant nutritional value and distinct technological and organoleptic value to the product. The phenolic compounds transferred from Rkatsiteli wine to the bread, together with other biologically active substances contained in the bread, determine the high biological activity of the bread and, accordingly, its functional purpose from a curative-prophylactic and preventive point of view.
Fruits and Vegetables Revealed as Nature’s Treasures for Enhancing and Promoting Maximum Health and Wellness
The increased use of fast food in societies today due to busy lifestyles provide a major threat to the increase in diet related diseases include obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This paper further Makes a comparison of the effects of taking fast foods and the significance of taking fruits and vegetables in the current society. Explaining that fruits and vegetables have the vitamins, minerals, fiber and antioxidants for our body. We can stress the importance in disease prevention and health maintenance. It broadens to compare organic and genetically modified foods arguing that products’ choice should be made with regard to the individual’s health and environmental conservation goals. Additional details about various improved types of fruits and vegetables are also considered to show their potential for the promotion of better nutrition and food security. In also emphasizing the need to rejuvenate people’s commitment to a healthier diet, this paper presents practical approaches towards consuming many types of fruits and vegetables in day-to-day basis. Finally, therefore, the insights suggest that plant-based foods should be embraced as a key driving force for positive change, as they urge society to redirect its attention to healthier foods in the face of the growing fast-food craze.
Exploring the Therapeutic Properties of Ellagic Acid Nanoclusters - A Review
Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenol and dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid (HHDP), primarily found as ellagitannins in plants like pomegranates, raspberries, grapes, nuts, and strawberries. Its molecular structure consists of a gallic acid dimer linked by two lactone bonds. EA is produced through the hydrolysis of ellagitannins and geraniin and is a major bioactive compound in pomegranates, exhibiting strong antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antiparasitic, and organ-protective properties. However, EA’s low water solubility limits its absorption and therapeutic potential. To enhance its bioactivity and bioavailability, various nanoparticle formulations and microspheres have been developed. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that EA nanoparticles (EA-NPs) offer improved antioxidant effects, mitigate oxidative stress, detoxify, and inactivate DNA and RNA viruses. EA-NPs have also shown benefits in reducing diabetes complications and preventing lung, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Additionally, EA-loaded microspheres exhibit inhibitory effects on Babesia species and Theileria equi, while EA nanoparticle formulations combined with chemotherapeutics show promise in breast cancer therapy. This review explores EA nanoparticle formulations and their recent therapeutic advancements.
Optimization of the Drying Parameters for Plantain Chips using a Locally Made Tray Dryer: A Study on Drying Efficiency and Drying Rate Modeling using RSM
Plantain chips are a popular snack in many tropical countries, but inefficient drying processes often hinder their production. This study aimed to optimize the drying parameters for plantain chips using a locally made tray dryer, with a focus on enhancing drying rate and efficiency. A D-Optimal design was employed to evaluate the effects of four critical parameters: drying temperature (80–100°C), airflow rate (0.25–0.45 m/s), chimney diameter (20–40 mm), and chip thickness (0.5–1 mm). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to model and optimize the drying process. The results showed that the optimal drying conditions were: temperature (91.9775°C), airflow rate (0.279371 m/s), chimney diameter (21.9722 mm), and chip thickness (1 mm). Under these conditions, the drying rate and efficiency were significantly improved, reaching 0.0161177 kg/h and 88.88%, respectively. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of RSM in optimizing the drying process for plantain chips and provides valuable insights for the development of efficient and cost-effective drying systems for food processing industries. The findings of this research can be scaled up for industrial applications, contributing to the improvement of food security and economic development.
From Photosensitive Molecules to the Evolution of Living Been
All our knowledge leads us to believe that the origin of life was the formation of photosensitive molecules, which then contributed to the birth of primitive living organisms, such as cyanobacteria and cyanophyceae. Once these archaic organisms were able to feed and reproduce, other organisms would have acquired the ability to enter into symbiosis with them, taking mutual advantage of continuity and metabolic efficiency. In this article we try to trace the possible paths of this intriguing story, presenting hypotheses that are plausible, or that are a stimulus for further investigation.
Application and Advantage of Marker Assisted Selection in Plant Breeding: Review
Conventional and modern plant breeding methods play a significant role in crops genetic improvement for desirable traits. Conventional breeding relied entirely on morphological markers, and selecting plants with desirable traits required several generations and many years. Selecting economically important traits such as yield, quality, and stress tolerance is challenging due to their polygenic nature and the strong influence of environmental factors. This challenge has driven plant breeders to explore second- and third-generation breeding techniques, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS). The present article was reviewed with the aim of understanding the principles and applications of marker-assisted selection in plant breeding. Various types of markers and their functions were articulated effectively. Single nucleotide polymorphism markers are among the most recent and advanced markers in plant breeding. They are highly effective for identifying genomic regions linked to desirable traits, thus enabling breeding accuracy and efficiency. MAS is an essential tool in plant breeding activities, including crop improvement. The applications of MAS in selecting breeding lines/populations, recurrent selection, marker-assisted backcrossing, and gene pyramiding were briefly discussed in the article. MAS plays a key role in shortening the breeding cycle and facilitating rapid, cost effective selection. It significantly contributes to increasing genetic gain in desired traits compared to conventional breeding methods.
Ultrasound - Assisted Treatment in Protein and Bioactive Ingredients Processing
Derive of Protein by processing is now shifting to advanced, modest and innovative technology these days. This review shows the possibility of deriving proteins via processing through the ence of ultrasound approaches. The target is between ultrasound waves and proteins behavior during ultrasound extraction technology. The extent of protein extraction by traditional methods faces structural, biostability and economic challenges, but ultrasounds emerge as an alternative to these challenges. In this work, highlights on ultra-sound’s role in enhancing protein yield and bio-quality in relationship to bioavailability and functional role where discussed. Analyses have shown some cases where remarkable advancement by ultrasound techniques has also extended to enzymatic hydrolysis, using ultrasound catalyzed activities to unlocked dimensions in the production of bioactive- peptides and enriched proteins. Bio industrial sector that uses ultrasound approach to extract bioactive and proteins not only do they facilitates protein reshapes but also changes protein production, biostability and bioavailability. Ultrasound has emerged as a catalyst for effective bioactive enhancement, overthrowing conventional methods to optimization strategies of protein reshaping and rebouncing. The review envisages the advantages of ultrasound technology and applications in bio – industrial sectors, the future prospects of ultrasound assisted protein extraction with offered roadmaps and processing advantages.
Nutritional Value Analysis of the Larvae of the Superworm Zophobas Morio by using Proteomics Technology
The superworm Zophobas morio is becoming increasingly important food insects for people. In this paper, larvae of the superworm were used as research materials to detect and analyze the protein data of larvae of Z. morio by using data independent acquisition technology. Gene Ontology database, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, clusters of euKaryotic Orthologous Groups database and other databases were used for protein identification and detection, i.e., proteomic analysis. The results showed that the number of detected proteins was 4589, and 91.9% of them were successfully annotated, among which Trx-2 protein was found to be a high-quality protein that can be absorbed by the human body and the larvae of Z. morio were developed in the food industry to grind insect powder as a food raw material, and the edible benefits of amino acid oral liquid manufacturing need to be further studied, so PCR amplification analysis was carried out for its Trx-2 gene.
Optimization of a Sustainable Virgin Coconut Oil Extraction Machine for Rural Communities
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) extraction is crucial for its nutritional, cosmetic, and medicinal applications; however, traditional processes are inefficient, energy intensive, and of inconsistent quality, thereby restricting rural scalability. This study addresses these issues by developing and optimizing a sustainable Virgin coconut oil (VCO) extraction machine for rural communities. The Machine was designed using SolidWorks Dassault 2023 and optimized via Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimization identified the best process parameters, achieving an optimal extraction temperature of 64.39°C, extraction pressure of 5.79 MPa, extraction time of 39.90 minutes, and a raw material size of 1.737 mm. The optimized conditions led to an oil yield of 1.412 kg/L, a mass balance of 2.608 kg, an energy consumption of 22.53 kWh, and a machine efficiency of 65.67%. The key findings of this study demonstrate that optimizing process parameters significantly improves the efficiency and quality of Virgin coconut oil (VCO) extraction. The study underscores the machine’s potential to improve rural livelihoods by reducing production costs, ensuring consistent oil quality, and aligning with sustainable practices.
Assessment of the Incidence of Potassium Bromate in Different Brands of Bread Sold in Tarauni, Nassarawa and Kumbotso Local Government Areas of Kano Metropolis, Nigeria
Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is an oxidizing agent that has been used as a food additive, mainly in the bread making process. A method is proposed for the determination of bromate based on the oxidation of crystal violet dye in a hydrochloric acid medium. Application of spectroscopy for determining bromate in bread was employed to ascertain the incidence of potassium bromated in bread samples. Thirty samples of bread, made from flour treated with potassium bromate, were collected from tarauni, nassarawa and kumbotso local government areas of Kano Metropolis. The residual bromate level in the analyzed bread samples were in the range of 0.07ppm to 9.53ppm. This shows that all the brands of bread analyzed contain potassium bromate above the specified limit.
Sustainable Packaging Solutions for Bulk Export of Cumin Seeds to Global Spice Markets
The objective of this study was to determine the most effective bulk packaging materials for cumin seeds, ensuring the preservation of quality during export processes. Preserving the quality of spices is of paramount importance, particularly with regard to utilizing effective oxygen and gas barriers to maintain aroma. To address these concerns, multiwall paper bags were tested for their efficacy in prolonging the shelf life of cumin seeds. A selection of four packaging materials, chosen based on sustainability criteria, was exposed to accelerated aging conditions set at 38±1°C and 90±2% relative humidity over a period of six months, and shelf life was evaluated. Export packaging specifications were developed using paper-based sustainable packaging materials to ensure compliance with transport requirements. The results demonstrated that multiwall paper bags lined with aluminium foil successfully inhibited moisture and oxygen ingress, thereby preserving the quality of the product and extending its shelf life. Although fossil-based packaging is better suited for long-distance transport, multilayer paper bags offer unique advantages. They meet essential requirements and are inherently sustainable, allowing producers to support sustainability and a circular economy.
The Effect of Beeswax Coating on the Organoleptic and Chemical Parameters of Tushetian Guda Cow Cheese
This paper presents the organoleptic and chemical analysis of Tushetian Guda cow cheese (control) made using standard technology and Tushetian Guda cow cheese coated with beeswax. The study aimed to examine the effect of beeswax coating on the organoleptic and chemical parameters of Tushetian Guda cow cheese. The results revealed that the use of beeswax coating improved the physical durability of the cheese, extended its shelf life, and preserved its quality, texture, taste, and aroma. Storing Tushetian Guda cow cheese in beeswax inhibits the development of slime and mold on the surface, protects the cheese from significant moisture loss, and maintains the texture and characteristic taste properties of cow cheese. The flavor and aroma of the beeswax lend a piquant quality to Tushetian Guda cow cheese. Beeswax coating could become a new, eco-friendly, biodegradable, and safe alternative to the synthetic packaging materials currently used in cheese production.
Comparison of Iron-Based Supplements and their Possible Use in Adjuvant Therapy in Oncology Patients
The study of iron metabolism is one of the most widespread topics in medical literature, where it is treated with different approaches and methods and with different protocols. This depends on the particular chemical-physical properties of iron, which make it an element that is difficult to manage both as a chemical substance and as an element that, although physiologically essential, has limited therapeutic margins. In this study we discuss extensively the chemical aspects of iron, and the metabolic activities in which it participates as an essential biological element. Its necessity and diffusion in all fundamental biological processes, which we recall in this work, has stimulated the search for various forms of delivery and administration, which would make it more easily manageable.The aim of this article is to compare the various formulations and technologies with which it is proposed on the market, and in particular to present our original formulation that we have used in a particularly difficult to treat case history, such as that of cancer patients, as an adjuvant to basic chemotherapy. The positive results we have obtained in the small case study we present encourage us to continue the research with larger and more detailed case studies, and as an effective and safe aid, to be used in all cases of iron deficiency and anemia in all its expressions.