Journal of Global Warming and Climate Change
Journal of Global Warming and Climate Change is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Global Warming and Climate Change. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of Research, Review, Case Reports, Analysis, Magazines, Editorials, Opinion, Communications, Mini-Review, Short Communications, Picturized, Book Review, Video Type and Power Point Presentations (PPTS). Articles can be submitted through online from https://www.onlinescientificsresearch.com/submit-online or can send through an e-mail with attachment for climatechange@onlinescientificresearch.net or globalwarming@onlinescientificresearch.info
Geospatial Multi-Criteria Modelling of Large-Scale Sugarcane Production Suitability in Taraba State, Nigeria
This study conducts a comprehensive geospatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) to assess the suitability of Taraba State, Nigeria, for large-scale sugarcane production. The assessment integrates eleven critical biophysical and environmental criteria within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, including land use/land cover, elevation, slope, drainage density, soil classification, annual precipitation, and key soil fertility parameters (exchangeable potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH). Data were derived from high-resolution satellite imagery (Sentinel-2), digital elevation models (SRTM), national climate records (NIMET/CHIRPS), and global soil databases (ISRIC SoilGrids). Each criterion was standardized, weighted based on established agronomic thresholds, and combined using a weighted overlay analysis to generate a spatially explicit suitability map. The results classify the state’s landscape into three distinct zones: high suitability (15,697.9 km², 26.7%), moderate suitability (21,043.7 km², 35.8%), and low suitability (22,056.4 km², 37.5%). High-suitability areas are predominantly located in the central and southern regions, characterized by low elevation (<800 m), gentle slopes (<5%), deep alluvial soils, adequate annual rainfall (1,400–1,800 mm), and optimal soil fertility. The analysis demonstrates that integrated geospatial modeling is an effective tool for evidence-based agricultural planning. The resulting suitability map provides a vital decision-support resource for policymakers, investors, and agricultural planners to prioritize land allocation, guide sustainable investment, optimize resource use, and promote the development of a viable sugarcane agro-industry in Taraba State, thereby contributing to economic diversification, rural livelihoods, and food security
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Global Warming and Climate Change
The Earth’s Internal Heat is Leaking into the Ocean in Amounts that Exceed the Global Warming Heat
Global warming began increasing exponentially in the 1940s. However, the annual increase of the ocean heat content now greatly exceeds the annual increase of global warming heat, which is all of the heat that the Earth receives from the Sun. Thermal expansion of the Earth’s crust would cause the boundaries of its cracks to be enlarged. This enlargement is evidently causing some undersea cracks to admit more of the Earth’s internal heat into the ocean. The 50th percentile of 1.5°C global warming is estimated to arrive in the 2030s.
From Waste to Energy to Currency: A Model for Closed-Loop Sustainability in Institutional Communities
Conventional institutions-particularly prisons, military bases, and remote settlements-operate as miniature economies that consume large volumes of food, water, and energy while generating equally large volumes of waste. These closed or semi-closed systems face the same challenges confronting nations: how to manage waste sustainably, reduce dependence on external fuel and currency, and create economic incentives for efficient resource use
A Metrologist Viewpoint on how Maps can support Evaluation of Earth’s Surface Features and Evolution in Time better than Global Numerical Parameters
Global numerical parameters are recently preferred in scientific fields to evaluate Earth’s surface features, namely in climate evolution. However, they may not fully represent the complexity of the issue they intend to qualify. The paper illustrates the fact that the intended aim can be better reached by adding the assistance provided by the evaluation of maps, especially in the case of Earth’s parameters, a method already common in Spatial Big Data evaluation. Additionally, the fact that the map graphical representation is intrinsically mediating a parameter that is always associated with each data of experimental origin, datum uncertainty, so representing a kind of alternative way to model a database. Especially when maps illustrate a great variety of local situations, the visual (i.e., geometrical) examination offered by maps often allows superior information, so a more reliable and full evaluation of evolution typically in time. Cases are reported to exemplify these statements.
Quantification of the Influence of Wind Speed on Diurnal Urban Heat Island Across Climatic Belts in Nigeria
This study investigates the influence of wind speed on diurnal urban heat islands (UHI) across climatic belts in Nigeria using meteorological and remote sensing data analysis. Remote sensing techniques were utilized to collect data such as LST, GPS ground truth points, MODIS & Landsat images, and wind speed data from NASA spanning 20 years (2003-2022). The UHI intensity was calculated by determining the temperature difference between urban and rural areas. Statistical regression analysis was employed to quantify the influence of wind speed on UHI, considering other meteorological variables as potential confounding factors. The results indicate that wind speed slightly increased the UHI intensity in selected cities during the dry season and decreased it during the rainy season between 2003 and 2022. However, the correlation coefficient between wind speed and UHI intensity was found to be insignificant (r = .093, p < .706), suggesting a minimal direct influence of wind speed on UHI variations. These findings contribute to a better understanding of UHI dynamics in Nigeria and have implications for urban planning and climate resilience strategies in the region.
Quantification of the Influence of Cloud on Diurnal Urban Heat Island Across Climatic Belts in Nigeria
The study quantified the influence of clouds on diurnal (day and night) urban heat islands across climatic belts in Nigeria from 2003 to 2022. Remote sensing techniques were utilized to collect data such as Land Surface Temperature, GPS ground truth points, MODIS & Landsat images, and cloud cover data from CRU-TS spanning 20 years. The study covered urban and rural areas in Nigeria, with a sample size of 160 points distributed across eight cities. Statistical analysis, performed through SPSS, showed significant impacts of cloud cover variations on UHI dynamics (F = 7.837, p = 0.012). Diurnal UHI exhibited a significant difference (H = 59.15, P=.001). Urban expansion was identified as exacerbating UHI effects, emphasizing the urgency of sustainable urban planning strategies. The study reiterated the necessity of tailored mitigation plans, considering diverse UHI patterns across cities and climatic zones. Therefore, the study advocates evidence-based urban planning for UHI mitigation and climate resilience. Recommendations include prioritizing green infrastructure and integrating cloud cover and wind speed variations into urban planning strategies.
The Relationship Between Water Quality and Keystone Species Loss in Lake Ecosystem
Keystone species have a significant impact on the lake’s ecosystem, biodiversity management, and water quality. This review explores the complex interconnections between adverse water quality deterioration and loss of keystone species in lakes, with a focus on pollution, fragmentation and climate change. Nutrient pollution and eutrophication are the leading causes of poor water quality and have been a major cause of the decline of keystone species, for example, fish, amphibians and invertebrates that are important in controlling the trophic cascade and organising structural complexity of the habitat. The extinction of these species triggers a series of occurrences that worsen water quality, establishing a feedback loop that worsens problems with ecosystem health and solutions. The study also includes several keystone case studies on species restoration, water quality research, integrated management, and invasive species control measures that demonstrate habitat and community involvement. Long-term monitoring is required to assess the efficacy of climate-resilient techniques, restoration, and species interactions in responding to pressures. Given that climate change may exacerbate such pressures, it is critical to have management approaches and preventive measures in place, such as maintaining climate refugia and improving connectivity within aquatic ecosystems, as well as restoration and enhancement of keystone species in lakes. The findings underline the necessity for a collaborative, multi-stakeholder approach to managing freshwater ecosystems to retain keystone species and maintain ecological equilibrium in lakes.
Time Series Analysis of Black Carbon and Rainfall Pattern in some Selected States in the Guinea Savannah Region of Nigeria
Time series analysis of black carbon and rainfall patterns in some selected states in the Guinea Savannah region of Nigeria was assessed in this study over 40 years (1983 – 2023) using Satellite-derived datasets and images depicting the frequency, intensity, and concentration of black carbon in the region were produced and examined through remote sensing techniques utilizing Earth data resources from the NASA GESDISC data repository accessed via the NASA Giovanni platform. Trend analysis on black carbon and rainfall data from six (6) states (Oyo, Kaduna, Enugu, Benue, and Taraba states) was done using Microsoft Excel software. The lowest level of Black carbon concentration (0.65 µg/m3) in Benue State was observed in 1996. High concentrations of Black carbon (1.09 µg/m3) were observed in 1995, followed by 1.13 µg/m3 in 1990. The lowest amounts of rainfall (1070.63 mm) in Benue state were observed in 2023. A lower amount of rainfall (1619.84 mm) was observed in 2023. The lowest level of Black carbon concentration (0.52 µg/m3) in Bauchi was observed in 1983. High levels of Black carbon concentration (1.07 µg/m3) in Kaduna were observed in 2000 which the lowest amount of rainfall 940.71 mm was observed in 2021. The lowest amount of rainfall (860.34 mm) in Oyo State was observed in 2001. The data presented in this study will be crucial in influencing climate change mitigation strategies, enhancing climate resilience, and shaping policy frameworks in Nigeria.
Impacts of Climate Change Variability on Livelihoods of Rural Households in Agroecological Zones of Taraba State Nigeria
This study examines the impacts of climate change variability on the livelihoods of rural households across the agroecological zones of Taraba State, Nigeria. The state’s ecological diversity, spanning Sudan Savannah, Guinea Savannah, and Montane zones, provides a critical context for understanding differentiated climate risks. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through household surveys (n=1,067), focus group discussions, key informant interviews, field observations, and secondary meteorological records. Findings reveal significant shifts in rainfall onset, cessation, and distribution, alongside rising temperatures, with marked implications for agricultural productivity and rural welfare. Perceived impacts varied across zones, with the Sudan and Northern Guinea Savannahs reporting the highest livelihood disruptions, including crop yield decline, property damage, flooding, and transportation challenges. Decline in crop yields emerged as the most severe impact, while increased temperatures and altered livelihood patterns were also widely acknowledged. Statistical analyses (Chi-square and ANOVA) confirmed significant associations between ecological zones and climate impacts, underscoring the heterogeneity of vulnerabilities. Despite widespread awareness, adaptive responses remain constrained by limited access to extension services, climate information, and financial resources. The study highlights the urgent need for zone-specific, evidence-based policies to strengthen resilience, safeguard food security, and reduce poverty among rural households in Taraba State.
Why Do We Fail to Harness the Benefits of Bio-Fertilizer Use in The Agricultural Production System
Bio-fertilizers and beneficial microbes have been used in crop cultivation systems for the last 6 to 7 decades to minimise the use of inorganic farm inputs in agriculture, but have not transformed agriculture holistically into an organic-based crop cultivation system. The obvious reasons seem to be associated with the developments and transfer of this bio-fertilizer use technology to geographically different areas, where these microbes may be alien, facing soil ecological, soil environmental, and soil biological challenges. In this paper, all such challenges are discussed, which may be useful for further refinement and proper use of this bio-fertilizer and beneficial microbes’ use technology, to have an organic crop cultivation system for healthy food on this globe.
National Environmental Impact Assessment and Challenges: Scoping Review in Ethiopia Context
Introduction: Economic development can have major impacts on the environment by degrading soils, polluting bodies of water, altering landscapes and threatening biodiversity, in some cases driving species into extinction. Under this circumstances, Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has emerged in Ethiopia in the last five decades as one of the primary management tools for protecting the environment as well as social from the environmental threats and impacts. Objective: The aim of this review was to provide general information on national Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), its methodological approach and challenges. Methods: Narrative information were found using the EndNote online search tool, Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Global Health electronic databases, government web sites and reports. The current EIA approaches, Policy frame work, proclamation and Gaps and Challenges of EIA implementation at national spectrum were reviewed under the scope of the review. Result: A total of 42 studies/ reports/grey documents were identified from government web sites(n=3), National proclamation (n=7), Reports (n=6), International Initiatives (n=3), Google Scholar (n=4), PubMed (n=4), Medline (n=3), Embase (n=3), Google (n=6) and Global Health (n=3). Finally, ten documents were considered for the narrative of this scoping review. The review revealed that development programs and projects in the country are not conducted according to EIA compliance, which have the impact on both environment and social. The review also found that there were challenges for implementation of EIA across the countries due to lack of inherent evaluation mechanisms, quantifying impact and attribution gap, lack of awareness, absence of effective mechanisms for process, lack of incentives, problems of capacity, weak political commitment, and weak public participation. Conclusion: Ethiopian Constitution provides a strong constitutional foundation for the introduction of EIA but lack of follow-up about effective implementation of the EIA system. The review advises that the right of citizens to live in a healthy and clean environment and the right to be consulted and to express their views on the planning and implementation of plans, programs, strategies, policies and projects that affect them. The review also recommends that every of project owner should aware about the interactions of development, environment and sustainability while we plan any project within the country
The Role of Harmonized Solid Waste Management in Mitigation of Wastes and Climate Change in Calabar South
The exponential increase in solid waste generation in Calabar South, Nigeria, presents a multidimensional urban and climate challenge, mostly driven by demographic expansion and intensified commercial activities. The current waste management system marked by open dumping, poor collection logistics, and weak institutional coordination proves insufficient. Waste accumulation obstructs urban drainage, leading to severe flooding, particularly during the prolonged wet season. Climate-induced events, such as rising sea levels and erratic rainfall, further destabilize landfills and hinder waste logistics. Also, waste scavengers operating without regulation also interfere with designated disposal systems, disrupting waste integrity, generating odor, and increasing the risk of air and water contamination. The introduction of a Harmonized Solid Waste Management (HSWM) strategy becomes essential to address these challenges. HSWM proposes an integrated approach that promotes waste segregation at source, logistical efficiency, stakeholder synergy, and material valorization. It is a framework that will treat waste not as an environmental burden but as a potential economic resource. Additionally, the framework promotes industrial accountability and localized solutions such as domestic production of receptacles. Therefore, implementing the HSWM model in Calabar South is critical for mitigating urban flooding, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and achieving long-term sustainability.
Funding Trees Planting to Enhance Greenery and Provide Nature Based Solutions to Natural Disasters
This study proposes a sustainable funding mechanism for afforestation and reforestation initiatives in Lagos, Nigeria, through the Land Use Charge System under the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) framework. The initiative seeks to enhance urban greenery, mitigate natural disasters, and improve air quality and biodiversity. The paper outlines the goals, implementation plan, business model, and expected outcomes of the project, highlighting its alignment with national climate change policies.
The Impact of Citizen Voice and Action (CVA) Model in Empowering Youth for Sustainable Climate Actions in Tanzania
This study investigates the impact of the Citizen Voice and Action (CVA) model in empowering youth for sustainable climate actions in Tanzania where climate change poses significant threats to vulnerable communities dependent on agriculture and natural resources [1]. To address the impacts of climate changes in the rural communities in Handeni, and Korogwe districts in Tanga region of Tanzania World Vision implemented Sustainable Accountability Uniting Tanzanian and Irish Youth (SAUTI-Youth) project which used the Citizen Voice Action (CVA) model. This study investigates impacts of CVA model in empowering youths for sustainable climate actions examining its effectiveness, sustainability, and application. A qualitative design approach used to conduct Focus Groups Discussions (FGDs) in 2023. Results indicate that the CVA model has proven to be a powerful tool for empowering communities. The study found an increased community awareness and participation in implementation of various climate-friendly projects, including climate smart agriculture, planting of 10,000 trees, restoration of 5 hectares of land, and improved water access for 14,500 households. CVA initiatives improved livelihoods, resilience, and reduced vulnerability to climate change impacts in the project sites. Partnerships between government, civil societies, and NGOs were key. Capacity building and creating enabling environment policy found to be essential for scaling up CVA initiatives and ensuring their long-term sustainability. Unlike traditional top-down approaches, the model empowered communities to take ownership of climate actions, leading to impactful solutions. The model empowered communities in decision-making processes, scaling up capacity building, and implementation. It was found that the CVA model ensured that solutions are tailored to local needs and priorities, increasing relevance and sustainability. Limited resources, capacity constraints, and institutional barriers hindered the full potential of CVA. The study recommends CVA as a valuable tool for tackling climate change in both rural and urban contexts.
A Sustainable, Parallel & Electrical Economy
A sustainable economy, based partly on the utilization of the waste stream & the monetization of energy, is proposed. This self - sufficient economy would be carbon neutral, & use sunlight, wind and waste - derived syngas as its principal energy sources. The ecological model given here would have implications for lunar bases, prisons & refugee camps & would involve the use an electric currency (kWh) as the medium of exchange.
Seasonal Analysis of Linkage between Land Surface Temperature and Actual Evapotranspiration: A Case Study of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is significantly influenced by Land Use and Land Cover (LULC), impacting the energy exchange between the Earth’s surface and atmosphere. This study aims to explore the relationship between Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) and LST across various land cover types, focusing on how these variables interact during different seasons. The analysis covers the winter, monsoon, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons of 2021. We examine the correlation between LST and AET for each land cover class and both seasons of 2020. The study finds that areas with lakes and greenery exhibit lower LST and higher AET values, whereas urban areas show the opposite trend. This underscores the importance of understanding regional context to accurately assess the link between LST and AET. Our results highlight the role of vegetation and water bodies in moderating surface temperatures and suggest that land management strategies should consider these dynamics to mitigate urban heat effects.
Improving the Power Distribution Grid Resilience through the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources: Case Studies in Greece
With the energy transition well underway, grid operators are increasingly facing the challenges of maintaining reliability but also ensuring the resilience of the energy system, i.e., its ability to adapt to changing conditions, as well as withstand and recover from disruptive events. Resilience becomes, hence, an emerging concept of top priority for power distribution utilities, encompassing the components of robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, response, and recovery. In this context, the contribution of distributed energy resources to the power system resilience is crucial to be examined, since such resources can add flexibility capacity already from the planning stage. This paper aims to highlight the relation of grid resilience with renewable-integrated power grids and storage schemes by capturing lessons learned from case studies in Greece, such as residential (rooftop) applications and large-scale pilot projects. A holistic climate change adaptation approach aimed at grids to be resilient by design can mitigate climate-related disruptions, especially in highly vulnerable countries like Greece.
Public Health Responses to Climate Extremes in the South Pacific Islands: A Case of Fiji
Climate extremes (CE) are on the rise; these include, but are not limited to, floods, extreme heat, and drought.. The Pacific Islands are perceived as highly susceptible to climate events and their consequential health impacts. Hence, this paper reviews the public health responses from national stakeholders and international organizations in the phase of climate extremes in Fiji. Notable health issues resulting from CE emphasized in this article include: dengue fever, diarrhea, and nutrition-related diseases. Data cutting across renowned international organizations show a disconcerting association between climatic extremities and an upsurge in dengue fever and diarrhea in Fiji. Also, this article revealed that CE create favourable breeding grounds for vectors that contaminate water sources, further affecting agriculture, leading to food insecurity. Hence, Consequent, CE intensifies the prevalence of nutrition-related diseases, disrupting an already fragile public health sector in Fiji. This article identifies a critical gap in the existing health response strategies, revealing their inefficiency in addressing the mounting long-term health challenges of victims of climatic disasters. To bridge this gap, an encompassing health response mechanism was suggested. They include: establishment of enhanced health surveillance to effectively monitor and manage climate-induced health risks; integration of degree programs such as disaster medicine, humanitarian studies, and mental health psychology into university’s course syllabus; provision of mental health and trauma support programs to address the psychological strain induced by climate-related disasters; mapping of disaster-prone areas; and the introduction of public health education to disaster-prone areas.
Electromagnetic Earthquakes: Lithosphere-atmosphere Interactions and Biological Implications in the Northern Apennines (Italy)
The complexity of climate change phenomena on a global scale includes numerous variables, which cannot be traced back to a single cause. This study, carried out in Italy by Radio Emissions Project, which can also be used for other countries, aims to add a new variable for the study of climate change on a global scale, represented by the interaction between lithosphere and atmosphere. This variable offers itself as an additional element to the climate change unknowns currently considered, such as precisely CO2. The hypothesis of this potential relationship is based that electrical charges given off by tectonic stress, but also volcanic dust, may constitute the nuclei of aggregation of water droplets and determine the sometimes very intense precipitation associated with the geophysical event. These are, therefore, circumscribed and short-lived weather events, but when measured on a 10 or 30 year scale they can somewhat accentuate, to a lesser extent to an ongoing climate change. In this study, two cases are presented concerning a potential link between endogenous activity and very intense weather events that have occurred in the past two years: the earthquake swarm in the Marche and Emilia-Romagna regions and the province of Parma. Crustal diagnostics that anticipate seismic events and consequently intense weather events, approximately over an interval of about seven months, are monitored 24 hours a day with Radio Direction Finding technology. The Method, which is still in the experimental phase is capable of intercepting geophysical signals, from areas under tectonic stress, including volcanic activity.
Objective: The main objective of the work presented in this article was to obtain a global climate model capable of providing reliable forecasts until 2100 regarding the most Important global parameters of the climate system: atmospheric temperature, ocean temperature, cloud cover, atmospheric albedo, subsidence of the oceanic mixed layer and, finally, oceanic stratification. This, while taking into account the different scenarios defined by the IPCC concerning GHG emissions for the period 2025-2100. Methods: To achieve this objective, the choice was made to use a discrete model whose implied relationships directly aim to obtain the monthly average global results of the studied parameters, without going through the lower scales. Thus, the difficulties related to the strong non-linearity encountered in most phenomena at lower scales largely disappear and make the model much more deterministic than stochastic, unlike the much more complex GCMs developed by the major climate institutes. The model in question is structured from a recent earlier version (2024) developed by the authors. Results: The main results obtained from this modeling are as follows: • The radiation budget has been declining since the beginning of the period considered (1955-2100). The radiative forcing is decreasing and tends towards 0. • The results vary very little, regardless of the GHG emissions scenarios considered. For the four scenarios considered, the increase in atmospheric temperature over the period 1955-2100 will be approximately 1.8 ± 0.4°C (95% confidence level). • Ergodicity and thermodynamic equilibrium of the current climate system. Conclusion: To break the thermodynamic equilibrium of the current global climate system and return to a new equilibrium with a cooling trend, we must return to CO2 emissions below 300 ppm (assuming that other GHGs follow a corresponding decline).
Mathematical Modeling of the Dynamics between the Ozone Layer, Infrared Rays and Holes in the Ozone Layer
This paper analyzes the environmental situation of our planet, especially in relation to global warming. It discusses the dynamics between the ozone layer, infrared rays and holes in the ozone layer. It also highlights the dangers that the decrease in the density of the ozone layer represents due to the unconscious activity of the planet’s biggest polluters. It also highlights the problems that global warming poses to humanity, especially the melting of the polar ice caps. A model was created that simulates this dynamic using a system of differential equations. A qualitative analysis of the system’s trajectories was performed, and conclusions were drawn about the future situation of this process.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): A Useful Tool to Climate Change
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) since its inception in 1994 has been responsible for the implementation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regulation in Ghana. Many EIA have been performed on major projects such as mining, dams, gas projects but much has not been done in the mitigation of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions which is said to be the main driving force of climate change. This reviewed paper therefore proposes the extension of the EIA regulations to small projects or activities such as deforestation, extensive land clearing, small scale mining and emissions from vehicles that have the potential of influencing climate change. The research was carried out by an extensive review of literature, reports, interaction with opinion leaders, lecturers, colleagues and students. The paper has attempted to explain the use of EIA in addressing the numerous environmental challenges by outlining the effect of climate change, EIA procedure in Ghana, the role of EIA in addressing climate change especially the emission of CO2. It was also established that the principle of EIA could be used to regulate pollution abatement, wastes management, conservation of natural resources, proper agricultural practices, development of clean and efficient energy sources. This application of EIA. in climate change mitigation will safeguard the environment and improve the standard of living of the people. The paper concludes with some suggested recommendations.
The Role of Green Creativity in Enhancing Eco-Poetry for Sustainable Development in Nigeria
This study defines the concept of green creativity and eco-poetry. It further explores the critical role which green creativity will play in enhancing ecopoetry and achieving sustainable development across communities, cities, campuses and companies in Nigeria. This study also identifies that universities can enhance eco-poetry by adopting green creativity in their operations. Green creativity will provide a strong foundation for concrete actions especially among the youths towards achieving the SDGs 4 & 13 in Nigeria. This study further highlights eco-poetry as a form of green creativity which can be used in climate change education and communication in Nigeria. It further enumerates the psychological, socio-economic and therapeutic benefits of eco-poetry. It concludes with the clarion call for deeper research on identifying the role of green creativity in enhancing eco-poetry for sustainable development in Nigeria.
Philosophical Considerations of Sustainability
An attempt at a synthesis of the varied definitions of sustainability is given. This involves the full utilization of the waste stream: mining, agricultural, industrial, municipal & sewage sludge. Various waste recycling & reuse “loops” are compiled to show how waste can be used in both agricultural & industrial societies that prioritize sustainability. The choice of waste use between recycling, composting, gasification, pig food, biochar, no till of crop residues & fermentation are not easy decisions. Some uses of waste are considered here but there is no one overriding method that can be applied universally.
The Issue of Climate Change: Causes, Consequences and Countermeasures
The article discusses the issues surrounding the definition of the term “climate” and the causes of global warming. It is proposed that the term “climate” originates from the Greek word “klima,” meaning “inclination,” and is associated with the angle of sunlight falling on the Earth’s surface or the tilt of the Earth’s rotational axis relative to its orbital plane. This concept, however, may be more applicable to “weather” on a daily, monthly, or yearly scale. Therefore, the author suggests extending the term to encompass all “inclinations” (deviations) that drive the development of natural processes and their components, including climate. The significant contribution of the greenhouse effect to global warming, along with its adverse consequences, is highlighted. This is evidenced by a sharp rise in air temperatures in Polar Regions and the near absence of warming in the equatorial zone. It is noted that the increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration is primarily driven by the unprecedented rise in hydrocarbon extraction and consumption, particularly in the metallurgical industry and related sectors, which currently contribute approximately 80% of global GDP. Among these sectors, arms production and trade, predominantly conducted by state enterprises, stand out as the most profitable economic industry. This industry, however, thrives on perpetual conflicts fueled under various pretexts. Consequently, resolving global warming largely hinges on addressing the issue of peace on Earth.