Journal of Gynecology Research Reviews & Reports
Journal of Gynecology Research Reviews & Reports is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Gynecology. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of Research, Review, Case Reports, Analysis, Magazines, Editorials, Opinion, Communications, Mini-Review, Short Communications, Picturized, Book Review, Video Type and Power Point Presentations (PPTs). Articles can be submitted through online from https://www.onlinescientificresearch.com/submit-online.php or can send through an e-mail with attachment for gynecologyresearch@onlinescientificresearch.info or jgrr@onlinescientificresearch.net
Polygenic Embryo Screening: Ethical Considerations and Recommendations for Clinical Practice On behalf of the Ethics and Good Clinical Practice Group and the Genetics Group of the Spanish Fertility Society
Recent advances in Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies at the embryonic level have made Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) a feasible tool for embryo analysis. These findings have enabled the development of Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS), which aggregate information from hundreds or thousands of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to estimate an individual’s relative risk of developing a given condition compared with the general population. When PRS are applied at the embryonic stage, the approach is referred to as Polygenic Embryo Screening (PES) or, more specifically, Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Polygenic Disorders (PGT-P) PGT-P provides a measure of each embryo’s relative genetic susceptibility compared with the general population. These estimates rely on statistical models that weigh the contribution of each SNP according to its frequency and estimated disease association. However, interpreting PRS at the embryonic level is challenging. Polygenic risk is probabilistic; thus, an embryo with a high PRS may never develop the disease, while an embryo with a low PRS is not risk-free. PGT-P raises important ethical concerns, including the need for adequate counseling, realistic patient expectations, issues of distributive justice, the impact of environmental and social determinants of health, and the potential exacerbation of health inequities. The main objective of this document, prepared by the Ethics and Good Clinical Practice Interest Group of the Spanish Fertility Society (SEF), is to provide guidance to researchers, clinicians, embryologists, regulators, and professional societies as they make decisions regarding the implementation of this emerging technique, with particular emphasis on its ethical implications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Gynecology Research Reviews & Reports
Ovarian Cancer Refractory to Chemotherapy was Confirmed Colorectal Sarcoma
Double primary cancer had been rarely reported. We experienced an ovarian cancer patient. After cytoreductive surgery, She had adjuvant chemotherapy of 6 cycles. We evaluated chemoresponce with follow up CT scanning. There was slowly growing tumor from 3cm to 6cm. So we did secondary cytoreductive operation. The histologic report was entirely different cell type tumor. High grade sarcoma in Colon. We present this special case with brief review.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Gynecology Research Reviews & Reports
Cervical Carcinoma Presenting as Postmenopausal and PostcoitalBleeding in Two Women Over Age 60: A Case Series
Cervical cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in women worldwide, despite being largely preventable through HPV vaccination and regular screening. In postmenopausal women, symptoms like vaginal bleeding often trigger evaluation for endometrial pathology; however, cervical cancer should remain on the differential.
Current Status and Challenges of Assisted Reproductive Technology(ART) Services in Nepal
Nepal, a developing country in South Asia, has a population of 29,164,578 according to the 2021 census, with 8,060,560 individuals falling within the reproductive age group (15-49 years). Subfertility affects approximately 10% of this group. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) treatment was regularly introduced in Nepal since 2004, prior to which individuals often travelled abroad for treatment. A recent survey identified 51 ART centers in Nepal, with 66.7% located within the Kathmandu Valley. Of these, 94% are privately owned, while only one is government-operated, and two function as semi-government centers. Among the 51 centers, 35 are fully operational, but only 23 (45.1%) have been licensed by the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP). Despite increasing number of ART centers, the proper ART policy and guidelines are under discussion but not finalized. Most of the centers follow different ART guidelines like European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), ICMR (India) guidelines etc. Data from 34 functioning ART centers were analyzed, as one declined to participate. All centers have in-house fertility experts, but only 58.8% have in-house embryologists. While 79.4% of centers provide regular In-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments, 11.8% offer batch only IVF due to lack of skilled embryologist. Most centers practice IVF- antagonist protocol (85.3%) for autologous and oocyte donor cycles. Oocyte, embryo, and semen donation are practiced by almost all centers. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) for all with frozen embryo transfer cycles are common, with 2-3 embryos typically transferred per cycle. Only few centers offer Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT), which is usually outsourced. ART data recording is done individually by 94.1% of centers, either in hardcopy or softcopy, as there is no national ART registry yet. Only one center submits ART data to International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART), reflecting limited awareness of international standards. Despite the growth in ART services, challenges remain in policy finalization, equitable access, and standardized practices.
Vaginal and Endometrial Microbiome: The Next Frontier inInfertility and Gynecological Disorders
The female reproductive tract microbiome particularly Lactobacillus-dominant (LD) vaginal communities has emerged as a key determinant of reproductive outcomes. Evidence links vaginal dysbiosis and non-Lactobacillus–dominant endometrial communities with infertility, Recurrent Implantation Failure (RIF), and adverse In-vitro Fertilization (IVF) outcomes, while highlighting substantial methodological pitfalls in low-biomass endometrial sampling. This narrative, evidence-based review synthesizes contemporary data on (1) physiology and measurement of the vaginal/endometrial microbiome, (2) associations with infertility, RIF, recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), endometriosis, and gynecologic pathology, (3) interventional options (antibiotics, probiotics, vaginal microbiota transplantation), and (4) a pragmatic clinical framework for ART programs. While LD vaginal states especially L. crispatus consistently correlate with improved implantation and live birth, the existence and clinical significance of a stable, distinct “endometrial microbiome” remains debated due to contamination risks. High-quality, contamination-controlled, prospective trials are urgently needed before routine microbiome-directed therapy is adopted in ART pathways.
Management of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy as ChallengeCollaboration Between Cardiologists and Obstetricians
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is an idiopathic cardiomyopathy presented the last trimester during pregnancy or few months after the delivery and is associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The incidence of PPCM is highly variable depending on the race and geographic regions, maternal age, multiple gestation pregnancies, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Diagnosis is often delayed, as symptoms misinterpreted those of normal pregnancy. During pregnancy cardiac images are limited in modalities that do not allow any sort of radiation but echocardiography is safe and should be performed in any suspected case of heart failure. The clinical outcome of PPCM is also diverse from complete recovery to death. In women with PPCM although the treatment and medical therapy are similar to those in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction due to other causes requires special modifications for fetal safety. The mode of delivery in patients with PPCM during pregnancy should be discussed with cardiologists, obstetrics, anesthetists and neonatologist that should work together for the treatment of such patients and to minimize the risk for mother and the fetus. It is considered very risky for the patients to consider another pregnancy if the LV function is not recovered to normal and the patients have to be very aware for such a situation. Pre-conception cardiologic evaluation are important for every woman with a cardiomyopathy who is considering having a family
Bilateral Huge Ovarian Borderline Tumor Treatment
Huge ovarian multiseptated conglomerated cyst was removed after cystic fluid aspirated with Doush suction device. The histologic repost was serous borderline tumor Post operative bleeding was controlled by radiologic intervention We described the special experience with case report.
Clinical Application and Feasibility of Using ICF Cancer Survivor CoreSet of Breast Cancer to the Health Condition of a Post-MenopausalBreast Cancer Survivor.
Background: The case report is of 52-year-old female complaining of fatigue, depression post modified radical mastectomy. She was under four weeks of exercise program. The purpose of this study was to consider the clinical application of ICF Cancer survivor Core set to describe the health condition of the patient by mapping the components of assessment tools used in this study. Method: The outcome measures -Revised piper fatigue scale, Beck’s depression Inventory, FACT B questionnaire was mapped to ICF categories of body function using linking rules. Results and Discussion: Most of the body function described for outcome measures of depression, fatigue, quality of life like feeling sad, irritation, lack of energy, was third level category except for weight loss which was second level. Conclusion: The mapping of the above outcome measures in ICF framework should be considered for future studies on large number of patients.
Efficacy and Safety of Adavosertib in Platinum-Resistant and RecurrentOvarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and A Meta-Analysis
Introduction: Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of mortality among gynaecological malignancies. According to estimates from the American Cancer Society for 2024, approximately 19,680 women in the United States will be newly diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and about 12,740 women will succumb to the disease. Advanced-stage ovarian cancers frequently develop resistance to treatment, resulting in a poor overall prognosis for this patient population. This article presents a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the efficacy and safety profile of adavosertib in treating platinum-resistant or recurrent ovarian cancers. Methodology: The research question was framed using the PICO framework before initiating the review. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, HINARI, and ScienceDirect databases, covering publications up to August 2023. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined, and appropriate tools were utilized to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Descriptive and summary statistics were employed to characterize the sociodemographic features of the study cohort and the adverse effects associated with adavosertib. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between adavosertib and the overall median survival of patients. Results: In the meta-analysis using a random-effects model, the pooled estimate for the overall survival of patients given adavosertib is 14.71 months (95%CI: 9.01 to 20.41 months). The estimate is statistically significant (p < 0.0001), indicating a positive effect of adavosertib on overall survival. The amount of total heterogeneity (variability between studies) is estimated to be 18.97 (SE = 26.19), with a corresponding tau value of 4.35. The I² statistic is 77.36%, indicating a high level of heterogeneity among the studies. The most common adverse effects were nausea (69.3%), anemia (60.3%), diarrhea (56.8%), thrombocytopenia (55.0%), neutropenia (54%), vomiting (52.7%), lymphopenia (35.6%), hypomagnesemia (9.0%), and hypokalemia (5.4%). Conclusion: The meta-analysis suggests that adavosertib has a significant positive effect on overall survival in ovarian cancer patients, with an estimated pooled median survival of 14.71 months. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the high heterogeneity observed among the studies. The top three most common adverse effects were nausea, anemia, and diarrhea. Larger studies are recommended to provide more comprehensive information on this topic.
Treatment of Squamous Hyperplasia of the Vulva with AutologousPlatelet-Rich Plasma in Postmenopausal Women - Own Experience
Treatment of the vulvar epithelium with autologous platelet-rich plasma (a-PRP, plasmotherapy) is a revolutionary, alternative method in medicine that is based on observations of the role of platelets in the process of repair of injured body parts. The effect of natural growth factors in introducing platelets into the affected area is essential.The development of modern medicine has led to the development and implementation of autologous platelet-rich plasma therapy in the field of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The main problems addressed by the method are: atrophy of the epithelium of the external genital organs in postmenopausal women due to hormonal imbalance. The use of autologous plasma containing activated platelets allows the local application of platelet-derived growth factors. The aim is to restore women’s quality of life and ensure a comfortable life after menopause.
Cervical Cancer Cytology in Nigeria: Challenges in the Face of Who’sAgenda 2030
Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with over 80% occurring in poor nations. It is the most prevalent female genital cancer in Nigeria and a significant public health concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal to eradicate cervical cancer by 2030, based on a triad of vaccination, screening, and treatment methods. However, developing countries have not shown seriousness, prompting the Nigerian government to increase efforts to meet WHO targets. The objective of this study is to evaluate of Nigeria as country meeting up WHO 2030 target for the eradication of cervical cancer. Through literature and internet search, the study reveals that Nigeria already have existing infrastructural deficit that constitute a major setback in the government’s effort to eradicate cervical cancer. Since the WHO’s target was set the government of Nigeria has been making efforts which can be considered inadequate when equated to the challenges against the actualization. Such challenges as elaborated in this study includes economic issue, inadequate access to screening, low awareness, cultural and religious barrier, shortage of man power, and poor policy implementation. It is obvious from this study that Nigeria faces a significant cervical cancer burden, requiring WHO’s request for its eradication. The government is ready to cooperate with global health assemblies, but gaps may hinder its goal of low cervical cancer mortality and prevalence by 2030. Consistent dedication and societal cooperation are needed to tackle these issues.
Research on oocytes and their associated follicles has advanced significantly over the past two decades, shedding light on the fragility of the processes governing their active life. The ovarian follicles and the germ cells within them are crucial to understand conception, growth, and survival mechanisms. Folliculogenesis, the process by which ovarian follicles develop, starts with the primordial follicle, which contains oocytes arrested in meiotic division. These follicles are crucial for the ovarian reserve and serve as the sole source of oocytes throughout a woman’s life. Follicle maturation is regulated by a series of biochemical signals involving granulosa and theca cells, as well as hormones like FSH and AMH. This process begins during fetal development and continues until menopause, with primordial follicles being activated and transitioning into primary follicles. Each stage of follicular maturation is linked to meiotic events that drive the oocyte’s progressive development. Despite the continuous loss of primordial follicles, these cells retain autocrine and paracrine factors that regulate their activation, promoting oocyte growth and supporting both spontaneous and assisted reproduction. The early stages of folliculogenesis involve critical signaling pathways and growth factors such as mTOR, PI3K, and Hippo, which regulate follicle development even before gonadotropin involvement. Initially, follicular growth is influenced by local growth factors like activins and AMH, with gonadotropins playing a larger role as the follicle progresses. Follicles develop through four stages—primary, secondary, tertiary, and Graafian—each regulated by intra-ovarian mechanisms. Oocytes also actively contribute to folliculogenesis by secreting growth factors that interact with granulosa and theca cells. As follicles grow, the oocyte is suspended in follicular fluid and surrounded by granulosa cells forming a structure called the corona radiata. Meiosis begins in fetal life but is arrested until puberty when it resumes just before ovulation. However, not all oocytes will be ovulated; many undergo atresia through apoptosis. Abnormalities in signaling pathways or follicle development can lead to reproductive disorders, highlighting the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in ovarian function.
Repercussions of the Use of Imiquimod in Genital Warts
Introduction: The manifestations of a sexually transmitted infection such as condyloma acuminatum generated by the HPV virus are reflected in the increase in the prevalence curve in women and men. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of Imiquimod on anogenital warts in immunocompetent women and men. Methods: The search strategy was made in PubMed, Scielo, LILACS and Google Scholar, Scopus, Trip Database. only 13 articles entered. Results: Sauder et al, 2003 Imiquimod at 5%, efficacy in women and men 72% and 33% respectively. Baker et al, 2011 efficacy Imiquimod 2.5% 28.3%, Imiquimod 3.75% 36.6%. Trofater et al, 2002 with frequency of administration of 5% Imiquimod 1 time per day, 2 times per day and 3 times per week efficacy of 72%, 63% and 62% respectively. Komericki et al, 2011podophyllotoxin with Imiquimod, podophyllotoxin efficacy 72%, Imiquimod 75%. Aricano et al, 2014 Imiquimod efficacy 69.7%. Gilson et al, 2020 Imiquimod plus vaccine efficacy 56%, Podophyllotoxin plus vaccine 54%, Imiquimod plus placebo50%, podophyllotoxin plus placebo 56%. Garland et al, 2006 Imiquimod efficacy 51.6%. Gollnick et al, 2001 efficacy of Imiquimod at 5% 61.8% 3 times a week and 56.7% once a day. Edwards et al, 1998 efficacy of Imiquimod at 5% 72% women and 33% men at 1% efficacy in women 38% and men 7%. Conclusions: Imiquimod has been shown to be a drug with good efficacy and safety in the treatment of HPV-related genital warts.
Imperforate Hymen Complicated by Hematocolpos; A Case Report
Introduction and Importance: Imperforate hymen is the complete obstruction of the vaginal canal caused by a non-regressed hymen. It is a rare condition that can be diagnosed antenatally, postnatally, during infancy, and after menarche. The presentation is usually cyclic abdominal pain, amenorrhea, and hematocolpos, which is an accumulation of blood in the vaginal cavity. Case Presentation: This case report presents a typical instance of imperforate hymen in a patient who presented with hematocolpos. In addition to the clinical complications, she also experienced social repercussions, as her husband divorced her due to the condition. She was treated successfully. Clinical Discussion: Imperforate hymen presents with multiple signs and symptoms. It is managed surgically with either hymenotomy or hymenectomy. Conclusion: Pelvic examinations should not be avoided in virgin or young patients who present with amenorrhea and cyclic lower abdominal pain.
Coming Back from A Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Globally, severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) continues to be a major factor in maternal mortality and morbidity. Beyond the immediate life-threatening complications of hypovolemic shock, organ failure, and potential death, survivors of severe PPH may endure a profound and prolonged journey marked by both physical and psychological anguish. The neurobiological sequelae following severe bleeding, including potential cognitive impairment and abnormal brain activity patterns, underscore the gravity of this condition’s impact on mental health. Survivors were frequently seen to have depression, psychological disorders such as Tokophobia (fear of childbirth), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), affecting maternal bonding and family dynamics. Furthermore, drastic reproductive health consequences, such as Asherman and Sheehan syndromes, may result in infertility, menstrual irregularities, and hormonal imbalances, profoundly altering a woman’s sexuality, marital connexions, and future fertility desires. Effective management of PPH, including uterotonics, bleeding control measures, and advanced surgical interventions, is essential to mitigate immediate risks; however, the enduring impact on physical, psychological, and reproductive health warrants comprehensive long-term care and targeted psychosocial support. This review emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary strategies to enhance recovery outcomes and improve women’s quality of life when managing the severe PPH consequences.
The Endometrial Microbiota in Assisted Reproduction Outcomes: ANarrative Review
Studies of the correlation between women’s endometrial microbiota and human reproduction are still very recent. Nevertheless, this study aimed to analyze the most recent of such studies. The keywords ‘endometrial microbiota’ and ‘assisted reproduction’ were used to search for articles published in PubMed between 2017 and 2024. After applying both the inclusion and the exclusion criteria, 13 articles were selected for this narrative review. Most articles related the Lactobacillus bacteria positively to high pregnancy rates and negatively to higher miscarriage rates or recurrent implantation failures. In conclusion, the association of endometrial microbiota with Lactobacillus favors higher pregnancy rates, while several other microorganisms of various genera and species contribute to dysbiosis and thus may lead to recurrent implantation failures and miscarriages.
Metastases to the Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes in Cervical Cancer:Diagnostic and Treatment Options (Clinical Case)
Recurrence of cervical cancer occurs in 5-50% of cases depending on the stage of the disease, tumor histotype. Supraclavicular lymph nodes in cervical cancer are affected in 2% of cases, following in prevalence after para-aortic lymph nodes. Treatment strategies for these patients are limited to palliative therapy, but modern capabilities allow for effective and safe treatment. We present a clinical case - metastatic cervical cancer to the supraclavicular lymph nodes and lungs in stage I cervical cancer in a young patient.
Life-Sustaining Rhythms: Pregnancy in a Patient with a Pacemaker
Cardiac pacemakers are essential electronic devices used to manage arrhythmias and conduction issues. The first documented case involving a pregnant woman with a pacemaker in 1962 underscores the evolving intersection of cardiac pacing and obstetrics. Primary indications for pacemaker implantation in reproductive-aged women include sinus node dysfunction and AV block, with various types chosen based on individual cardiac abnormalities. Pregnancy with a pacemaker generally proceeds well under multidisciplinary care, focusing on symptom monitoring and adjustments to pacemaker settings if required. Anaesthesia and surgical planning consider pacemaker status and electrolyte balance besides precautions during surgery to preserve pacemaker function. A 23-year-old woman, G3P2L2NND1, who had previously undergone two lower segment caesarean sections (LSCS), presented at four months of pregnancy with a permanent pacemaker implanted two years earlier. Her first LSCS for twins was complicated by peripartum cardiomyopathy, managed in the ICU postpartum. Subsequently developing complete heart block, she underwent successful DDDR pacemaker insertion. Her subsequent pregnancies were managed similarly, with an emergency LSCS at 36 weeks during the second pregnancy and an elective LSCS with tubal ligation at 37 weeks during the third. Effective management of pregnancy with a pacemaker requires vigilant monitoring and collaborative care among obstetricians, cardiologists, and anaesthesiologists to optimize outcomes for both mother and foetus.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Gynecology Research Reviews & Reports
Pregnancy in Complicated Infertile Case of Asherman Syndrome withPelvic Inflammatory Disease and Multiple Leiomyoma
Background: The Asherman’s Syndrome (AS) is rare acquired pathological disease which characterized by presence of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) that contributed to several health events lead to infertility. The PID frequently correlated to tubal infertility which results from inflammatory events, progressive fibrosis and subsequent scarring if delayed the diagnosis and antibiotics management. Also, the Uterine leiomyomas had significant linked to female infertility. Therefore, strict individualized infertility management for complicated cases is essential approach to achieve pregnancy outcome. Methods and Patient: This case study illustrate a complicated infertile Libyan women with Asherman syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disease and multiple leiomyoma which presented to private infertility management clinic on Tripoli, Libya, 2024. The case expressed several treatment modalities that ended by successful pregnancy achievement. Comments: Although, the Asherman syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disease and multiple leiomyoma had significant long term adverse impact on female infertility. But with introducing various treatment modalities, the pregnancy achievement became possible when managed strictly
Predictive Capacity of Screening Methods for Preeclampsia in EarlyPregnancies
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a multiorgan and multifactorial disorder that occurs worldwide and is responsible for maternal mortality between 10 to 15% as a direct obstetric cause. Its early prediction would allow us to act in a timely manner to avoid possible complications. Objective: To evaluate the predictive capacity of screening methods. Methods: It is a prospective longitudinal study. the mean gestational age by LCC was 12.6 weeks. in which clinical risk criteria for preeclampsia (major and moderate), mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (IP AU), biomarkers (PIGF and PAPPA) were taken as early predictors. Results: Of the 632 participants who met the inclusion criteria, 62 (9.8%) presented preeclampsia and 570 (90.1%) participants did not develop it. They were grouped by gestational age at delivery and the different markers were applied, obtaining them by combining them in the case of Pregnancies less than 34 weeks a prediction of 88.24% (Low PE p ≤ 0.001 compared to High PE), in pregnancies less than 37 weeks 70% (Low PE p ≤ 0.04 compared to High PE), in pregnancies greater than 37 weeks 68% (Low PE p ≤ 0.003 compared to High PE). Conclusions: The application of the different markers individually is not usually highly effective, compared to their combined application, which in our studies achieves a higher percentage of prediction, especially in early-onset preeclampsia.
Morbidity Following Cesarean Section Warranting Relaparotomy-AReview
Objective: To review cases following elective and emergency caesarean section with maternal morbidity warranting relaparotomy and critical care management Methods: An analysis of cases undergoing relaparotomy after cesarean section was done in a tertiary care centre, Institute of Maternal & Child health, Government Medical College Kozhikode, Kerala in the year 2022 –April 2024.A series of 9 cases needing relaparotomy were studied. Results: There were total 9 cases of relaparotomy following cesarean section. Most common reason for relaparotomy was haemorrhage (4 cases) rectus sheath haematoma causing hemoperitoneum (2 cases), sepsis (2 cases) and 1 case of bladder injury not detected during primary cesarean section. Majority of cases were previous cesarean section (5 cases) Conclusion: Meticulous steps should be taken during primary surgery to avoid complications of relaparotomy and subsequent morbidity during cesarean section.
Work Motivation of Executive Nurses in the Inpatient Room
The number of nurses worldwide in 2011 was 19.3 million nurses. Indonesia is included in the 5 countries with the lowest motivation of health workers, in addition to Vietnam, Argentina, Nigeria and India, this is due to the lack of workforce seen from the level of fulfillment of welfare. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the work motivation of executive nurses in the hospital inpatient room of BLUD RSUD Mashita City. This type of research is quantitative with descriptive analytic research design through cross sectional approach. The sampling technique in this study was carried out by random sampling method, as many as 33 respondents and the research instrument used a questionnaire. The results of the study were analyzed using the Chi- Square test obtained p, 0.05 (p <α). This shows that there is a relationship between salary satisfaction factors, environmental conditions and interpersonal relationships with the work motivation of executive nurses in the BLUD Hospital Inpatient Room of Mashita City Hospital.
The urethral caruncle is the most frequent benign tumor in postmenopausal women due to their low levels of estrogen. The main differential diagnosis is the urethral carcinoma, which is why a clinical case of a patient with a urethral caruncle is presented. The clinical and radiological characteristics are reviewed to ensure an appropriate patient approach, treatment, and histopathological correlation.
Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly Syndrome(Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome): A Case Report
Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome (HWW), also known as Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome, is a rare Müllerian duct anomaly characterized by a triad of didelphic uterus, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. We report a case of a 15-year-old girl presenting with acute pelvic pain, cyclic dysmenorrhea, and a palpable abdominal mass. Imaging revealed a bicornuate uterus with a blind hemivagina, hematocolpos, and hematometra. Surgical management included resection of the vaginal septum and reconstruction, resulting in prompt recovery without complications.
Lipomas are widely disseminated benign mesenchymal neoplasms commonly found over the neck and upper back, shoulders, abdomen, buttocks, and proximal portions of the extremities. Vulva localizations are rare, and very few cases have been reported. and its diagnosis is confirmed by the histopathological description of a well-circumscribed collection of mature adipose tissue
Gestational Trophoblastic Choriocarcinoma with Lung Metastasis:A Case Report
Background: The choriocarcinomais rare highly aggressive malignant tumor of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with increasing rate of hematogenous spread to distant organ particularly to the lung. The mortality rate of chroiocarcinoma before chemotherapy management was 90% but advanced chemotherapy approach had contributed to favorable prognostic outcome and more than 90% curative rate. Aim of the Study: To demonstrate the presentation of gestational trophoblastic choriocarcinoma with lung metastasis and related management outcomes. Methods and Patient: This study was a case report of gestational trophoblastic choriocarcinoma with lung metastasis which had reported at obstetrics and gynecology department of Tripoli university hospital on 9th December 2023.The patient was on strict clinical and laboratory evaluation and she had received six cycles of chemotherapy management (EMACO) which ended by complete clinical and laboratory improvement. Comment: Gestational choriocarcinoma is considered as highly aggressive gestational trophoblastic neoplasm with higher liability rate of hematogenous spread particularly to the lung. But with early recognition of the disease as well as prompt chemotherapy management and strict follow up, this contributed to good prognostic outcomes and helps to prevent related morbidity and mortality
Gestational Trophoblastic Choriocarcinoma
mHealth Technologies Leading to Better Maternal Health in Bihar,India
In an underdeveloped state like Bihar, women face double jeopardy because of poor health status and lower literacy rate. Hence, in this state maternal mortality is very high which affect overall societal status of women. This study focus on exploring the role of health informatics tools such as mobile phone, also known as mHealth, in improving the maternal health scenario of Bihar, which in turn can lead to women empowerment. In developing countries like India mobile phones are serving as an excellent medium for establishing health communication. Most importantly, literacy does not seem to be a barrier in the use of mobile phone. So it has the potential to address the issue of health inequalities in remote locations where there is shortage of medical resources. Health information propagated through mobile phone can improve knowledge which is an important tool for generating women empowerment.
Use of Letrozole in Ovarian Stimulation in Vitro Fertilization
Background: Letrozole is a medication that alone or combined with clomiphene citrate has been used for ovarian stimulation in women undergoing IVF. The objective of this narrative review is to investigate in the recent literature what are the main findings related to the use of letrozole in ovarian induction in human reproduction. Methods: The search strategy was to use the keywords letrozole and ovarian stimulation and in vitro fertilization in the PubMed database in the last five years in free-text articles. • Results-62 articles were found that applying the eligibility criteria were selected for this narrative review 12 articles. • Results-The main findings of this study include information about the author, year, country, study design, number of participants, and more findings of each of the papers selected for this narrative review. Conclusion: Although letrozole is a low-cost and safe medication for women, widely used in ovarian stimulation with benefits in endometrial receptivity, clinical results such as pregnancy rate and a number of live births still need large randomized trial studies.
Ovarian Stimulation in Vitro Fertilization
Umblical Cord anomalies are rare. The incidence of umbilical artery cyst or aneurysm is therefore even lower and implications of umbilical artery anomalies are lesser known. With the advancement in radiological assessment, the identification of such anomalies is now possible. We present a case of umbilical artery aneurysm and possible differentials, the management we offered to the patient, fetal and maternal outcome and finally the histological features. We present a case of Umblical artery aneurysm of a 33-year-old primigravida was on regular antenatal checkup at our tertiary care hospital delivered by cesarean section with umbilical cord aneurysm. The karyotype and cardiac assessment were done which was found to be normal. The patient was discharged on day 4 with her post operative period being uneventful. Management of each case of umbilical artery aneurysm should be individualized, with an aim to have safe outcome for both mother and baby. Umblical artery aneurysm is a rare structural anomaly of umbilical cord. High risk of suspicion should be exercised while ultrasound evaluation in second trimester. Cases of single umbilical artery should be especially evaluated. Hence, careful prenatal assessment of umbilical cord is a necessary.
Humanized Childbirth: An Experience Report of the AssistanceOffered by the Unified Health System in a City in the SouthEast ofBrazil
Background: Childbirth is a crucial event in a woman’s life and her baby’s, with significant implications for the health and well-being of both. In Brazil, the predominant approach has been medicalized childbirth, with frequent medical interventions during the birthing process. However, growing evidence highlights the benefits of humanized childbirth for the physical and emotional health of the mother and baby. In this context, this study analyzes the transition towards more humanized childbirth practices in Brazil, its impacts, and associated challenges. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the implementation of humanized childbirth practices in Brazil, focusing on the stages of pregnant women reception, preparing the environment for the child’s arrival, and the symbolism of childbirth through Placenta Printing. Specific objectives include evaluating pregnant women’s satisfaction with the childbirth experience, analyzing the reduction of unnecessary medical interventions, and assessing neonatal outcomes associated with these practices. Methods: The study is an experience report that occurred in a municipal hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the year 2024. Humanized childbirths were followed through the Brazilian public healthcare system, which offers free and universal assistance to pregnant women during childbirth. The stages of pregnant women reception, preparing the environment for the child’s arrival, and the symbolism of childbirth through Placenta Printing were detailed and implemented according to established protocols. Pregnant women’s satisfaction was assessed through postpartum interviews, while data related to the rate of medical interventions and neonatal outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: The results demonstrated high satisfaction among pregnant women with the humanized childbirth experience, highlighting empathetic reception, clear and respectful communication, and consideration of their preferences in preparing the environment and practicing Placenta Printing. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in unnecessary medical interventions, reflected in a decrease in the cesarean section rate, episiotomies, and other medical procedures during childbirth. Neonatal outcomes were also positive, with favorable neonatal adaptation indicators. Conclusion: The experience of humanized childbirth in Brazil represents a significant advancement in promoting maternal and neonatal health. Despite the challenges faced, the benefits associated with this comprehensive approach to childbirth are undeniable. It is crucial for health authorities, healthcare professionals, and society to continue supporting and promoting humanized childbirth practices as part of a broader effort to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes in Brazil.