Vision-Boosting Nutrition: Exploring the Benefits of Nutritional Supplements for Eye Health

Abstract

Oxidative stress, defined by an imbalance in free radical generation and antioxidant defense, serves as a pivotal risk factor for multiple ocular pathologies, including glaucoma, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Under normal physiological conditions, endogenous mechanisms adequately regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. However, excessive ROS accumulation, surpassing the body’s antioxidative capacity, initiates oxidative stress, precipitating macromolecular damage and potentially accelerating disease progression in ocular tissues. This review delineates the significance of dietary antioxidants in mitigating oxidative stress specifically within the context of eye health. Focus is directed towards the bioactive compounds, polyphenolic flavonoids and anthocyanosides, prevalent in various foods such as Nigella sativa, tea, chocolate, fruits, and vegetables (polyphenolic flavonoids), as well as
blueberries and bilberries (anthocyanosides). These compounds engage distinct mechanistic pathways to neutralize ROS; polyphenolic flavonoids donate electrons, whereas anthocyanosides scavenge free radicals. The current synthesis aims to elucidate the molecular interactions and therapeutic potential of these antioxidants in preserving ocular health and preventing the onset or progression of related diseases, providing a comprehensive understanding for future research and clinical applications.