Mitigating Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in Java Web Applications

Abstract

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) are among the most critical security threats targeting Java web applications. These vulnerabilities exploit trust relationships between users and applications, often leading to session hijacking, data theft, or unauthorized actions. Despite advancements in secure frameworks, many applications remain vulnerable due to improper input validation, insecure coding practices, and lack of awareness. This paper provides a comprehensive study of XSS and CSRF threats within Java-based ecosystems, including their mechanisms, common sources, and practical impact. It emphasizes mitigation strategies using well-established tools and frameworks such as OWASP Java Encoder, Spring Security, and secure HTTP headers. By analyzing real-world case studies and secure design patterns, the article outlines actionable techniques to prevent exploitation. It also explores the integration of security testing tools like OWASP ZAP and Burp Suite into the development lifecycle. The goal is to equip developers, architects, and security professionals with a clear roadmap to safeguard applications against these persistent threats. This work contributes to the broader effort of embedding security by design in Java web application development and encourages a proactive approach to defending against XSS and CSRF attacks.