The Role of Skill Development in Retaining Youth in Indian Agriculture: A Theoretical Perspective

Abstract

The pivotal role of agriculture in India’s economy and the pressing need to retain youth in this sector necessitate a comprehensive examination of skill development’s impact. This paper explores the theoretical perspectives on how skill development can address the challenges faced by young individuals in agriculture, thereby influencing their decision to remain in or leave the sector. The study synthesizes existing literature to provide a conceptual framework that highlights the multi-faceted nature of skill development and its potential to transform agricultural practices, enhance productivity, and improve livelihoods. 

The paper argues that traditional farming practices, coupled with limited access to modern technologies and market information, often deter youth from pursuing agricultural careers. Skill development, encompassing technical, entrepreneurial, and soft skills, is crucial to modernize agriculture and make it more appealing and profitable for young people. Technical skills, such as precision farming, digital agriculture, and sustainable practices, can enhance productivity and resource efficiency. Entrepreneurial skills, including business management, marketing, and value addition, can enable youth to establish successful agri-businesses. Soft skills, such as communication, leadership, and problem-solving, are essential for effective collaboration and adaptation to the evolving agricultural landscape. 

Several theoretical perspectives inform this analysis. Human capital theory emphasizes the importance of education and skills in enhancing individual productivity and economic growth. The theory of planned behavior helps explain how attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioural control influence youth’s intentions to engage in agriculture. Furthermore, the sustainable livelihoods framework underscores the significance of various capital assets, including human capital, in shaping livelihood outcomes and resilience in the agricultural sector.

This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on agricultural development and youth empowerment by providing a theoretical lens through which to understand the critical role of skill development. It identifies key areas for intervention and highlights the need for a holistic approach that integrates skill development with supportive policies, institutional frameworks, and access to resources. By equipping youth with the necessary skills and knowledge, it is possible to foster a new generation of skilled agricultural professionals and entrepreneurs, ensuring the sustainable growth and transformation of Indian agriculture.