A Rare Case of Cardiac Amyloidosis Secondary to Multiple Myeloma in A Young Male Presenting with Shortness of Breath

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy associated with various systemic manifestations, including AL amyloidosis.AL amyloidosis is a systemic condition arising from abnormal protein misfolding and deposition, leading to organ dysfunction. Cardiorenal involvement is characteristic. Cardiac amyloidosis causes significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in MM patients.

Case Report: A 40-year-old previously well male presented with exertional dyspnoea, lower limb swelling, and frothy urine. Clinical examination and investigations were consistent with an MM complicated by AL amyloidosis affecting the heart and kidneys. The diagnosis of amyloidosis was confirmed through renal biopsies revealing Congo red positivity, along with cardiac imaging showing typical amyloidosis findings. The presence of bone marrow plasma cells 72% confirmed myeloma.

Conclusion: This case highlights the challenges in managing MM-associated AL amyloidosis with cardiac and renal involvement. It underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic approaches, multidisciplinary collaboration, and tailored treatment strategies. Despite the poor prognosis, diligent management can lead to favourable outcomes and improved quality of life for affected individuals.