Journal of Nanosciences Research & Reports
Journal of Nanosciences Research & Reports is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Nanosciences Research & Reports. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of research, review, case reports, analysis, magazines, editorials, opinion, communications, mini-review, short communications, picturized, book review, video type and power point presentations (PPTS). You can submit manuscripts online at: https://www.onlinescientificresearch.com/submit-online or Email: nanosciences@onlinescientificresearch.info
Biodegradable Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Used as Wearable Electronic Device
T his study explores the sustainable conversion of waste Catla (Catla catla) fish scales into bio-piezoelectric materials for wearable energy harvesting applications. Utilizing the natural piezoelectric properties of collagen-rich fish scales, we developed a flexible nanogenerator through a simple demineralization and lamination process. The device was integrated into the heel of a shoe, where it successfully generated electrical energy from walking movements, demonstrating its viability as a self-powered solution for wearable electronics. It has the broader potential of monitoring the pressure on heels, thus providing the insights into activity levels, beneficial for athletes and rehabilitation patients using the embedding such bio- piezoelectric systems into shoes. This approach not only adds value to aquaculture waste but also offers a biodegradable, eco-friendly alternative to conventional piezoelectric materials, paving the way for next-generation sustainable smart textiles and self-powered wearable devices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Nanosciences Research & Reports
Atomic Force Microscopy: A Powerful Tool for Surface Analysis of Nanostructured Materials
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has emerged as a leading technique for the high-resolution characterization of nanostructured surfaces. Its ability to generate three-dimensional topographical maps at the nanoscale enables detailed analysis of surface roughness, texture, morphology, and other critical features that influence the behavior and functionality of advanced materials. This review highlights AFM’s capabilities in measuring nanoscale mechanical properties such as elasticity, adhesion, stiffness, and viscoelasticity using advanced imaging modes like nanomechanical mapping and phase imaging. Recent advancements including the integration of machine learning algorithms for automated image analysis and the use of chemically functionalized probes for site-specific surface interactions are also discussed. Compared to other microscopy techniques, AFM offers distinct advantages, including minimal sample preparation, ambient condition operability, and versatility across material types. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of AFM’s role as a powerful and adaptable tool for surface analysis in nanotechnology and materials science.
Surface Characterization Nanomechanical Mapping
Formulation and in –Vitro Evaluation of Glimepiride Encapsulated Niosomes to Enhance its Oral Bioavailability and as Sustained Release Drug Delivery System
Niosomes are a non-ionic spherical surfactant vesicle (NIS) effective drug carriers that are biodegradable, non-toxic, more durable, and cost-effective than liposomes. The NISs were prepared by the modified ethanol injection method in this work. This study was designed to provide information related to the preparations niosomes composite (GLM-NIS). Aiming to enhance its oral bioavailability, minimize side effects, and solve the swallowing problem in geriatric patients. In-vitro and in vivo release studies were performed by dialysis technique and formulation (Span60:Cholesterol 0.5:1.0), respectively. As synthesized, GLM-NIS exhibited high entrapment efficiency percentages 86.66 % and particle size diameter with -22. Mv zeta potential (ZP) reveals high stability. These findings encourage the further study of niosomes to enhance oral bioavailability, extended for its in vivo studies for in vitro-in vivo correlation and various in vivo studies of GLM.
Creation of Solar Cells Based on Silicon Double-Barrier Nanostructures and their Testing for Radiation Resistance
Developed two - barrier structures with a nanostructured base based on silicon. Exposed to gamma radiation at the 60Co facility and analyzed the photoelectric properties of the resulting structures and proved that the use of these structures improves the photoelectric properties of traditional photovoltaic structures and creates a high integral sensitivity in the short-wavelength region of the spectrum. The effect of ionizing and penetrating gamma radiation on the photoelectric and photoluminescent parameters of the studied two-barrier structural converters has been studied. The effect of irradiation on the occurrence of leakage current both at the Schottky barrier and at the p-n junction was studied. It is shown that the two-barrier structure makes it possible to improve photoelectric receivers. It is also shown that double-barrier structures are superior in photoelectric parameters to photoconverters of single-barrier structures,and it is recommended to use them as solar cells.
Effects of Ag Doping Concentrations on Structural and Optical Properties of Citrus Reticulata Capped ZnO Nanoparticles
Dopants are used to modify the properties of metal oxides. They are classified into p type and ntype. The p type dopants are electron acceptors and they reduce the bandgap energy. The n- type dopants are electron donors. Ag+ have two characteristics features such that they can be used in place of substitution and interstitial. Citrus reticulata capped silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (AgZnONPs) were synthesized via chemical precipitation method, with Citrus reticulata acting as capping, reducing and stabilizing agents. The nanoparticles were synthesized at different doping concentrations of silver (Agx-ZnO) (x=0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 %). The effects of different dopant concentration on structural and optical properties of Citrus reticulata capped ZnO nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultra Violet- Visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The XRD pattern obtained showed that hexagonal wurzite structure of ZnO nanoparticles was retained on addition of Ag as a dopant. 0.1% Ag-ZnO displayed highest peak in XRD pattern at plane [101]. The crystal size of the nanoparticles ranged from 15.2919.87nm. At 0.5% Ag-ZnONPs, the XRD peak shifted to higher 2 theta degrees compared to other doping concentrations. The bandgap energies of Ag-ZnONPs were estimated using Tauc’s plot. The bandgap energies were observed to decrease with increase in Ag doping concentration. 0.25% AgZnONPshad a bandgap energy of 3.69eV and that of 2.0% had a bandgap energy of 3.03eV. FT-IR spectra showed absorption in both functional group and fingerprint regions. The absorption band between 420- 470cm-1 is associated with that of the metal oxide. The PL spectrum showed emission at a wavelength of 350-500nm. The optical properties predict the possibility of using of Ag-ZnONPs in solar cells and optoelectronics.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Monastroll
Dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates are known to possess anti-hypertensive, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-staphylococcal, anti-cancer, etc. biological activity. The structure of dihydropyrimidines is of interest for studying the reactivity of a molecule and preparing new derivatives. In the specialized literature, a large number of different derivatives of dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates are described, however, most of them are obtained from the condensations of 1,3-dicarbonyl bonds with various aldehydes, urea or thiourea, catalyzed by different catalysts through different schemes of synthesis, which damages the finite yield.
Enhanced Optical and Structural Properties of ZnSe Nanoparticles Synthesized by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid
ZnSe nanoparticles, with applications in optoelectronic devices such as LEDs, solar cells, and photodetectors, were synthesized using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL)-a surfactant-free method that enables the production of high-purity nanoparticles with precise control over particle size and morphology. Laser ablation was performed using an Nd laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse energy of 135 mJ, and a pulse duration of 10 ns. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of hexagonal ZnSe nanocrystals, with an average crystallite size of 27.53 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were used to characterize the nanoparticles’ size, morphology, and stoichiometry. Absorption and photoluminescence spectra revealed a band gap of 3.30 eV and indicated excitonic emissions in the nanoparticles when excited by the second harmonic of the laser. These findings highlight PLAL as an effective technique for synthesizing ZnSe nanoparticles with controlled optical and structural properties,making them suitable for diverse applications in optoelectronics.
Man vs Rat, vs Nanoparticle: Gold Nanoparticles as a Gentler Probe for Human Brain, Fertility / Embryo Treatments
Laboratory rats (or lab rodent) have physiological and genetic similarities to human. This suggests that results of observation, obtained from nano-particle based biomedical test, can be applicable to human. Detection of nano-particles and recent development of magnetic gold nano-particles offer the scientists as an invaluable tool for the brain tumor treatment. Due to their nano level sizes and varieties of shapes these magnetic nano-particles have the capability to cross or pass through the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Self-assembly, the uniqueness property of these nanoparticles, makes them a magical, gentler tool compared to other nanoparticles, for targeted drug delivery in brain-tumor treatment, as a contraceptive way to control reproduction but their ability to cross the BBB and brain-tumor targeting mechanism not yet fully known. The potential drawback of these magnetic nanoparticles is the disturbance or dis-balance in the sex hormones secretion leads to sufferings of dysplastic Oocyte and Overian diseases.
Nanocarriers are one class of nanomaterials. They are finding increasing application in several realms, particularly as chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer. They have certain properties that allow them to fulfill their roles. Amongst these are their small size, large surface area, heavy loading and release of drug. There are several types of nanocarriers and these can be modified accordingly to have hydrophilic groups which will increase their penetration of tissues. The major classes of nanocarriers include polymer conjugates, polymeric nanocarriers, polymersomes, polymer-drug conjugates, lipid-based carriers, peptide nanocarriers, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanocarriers (SLC), nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, nanospheres, nanocapsules and electrosomes, etc. Each class also has its advantages and disadvantages. One disadvantage of nanocarrier is their toxicity and this vary with type. Recent advances in the design, synthesis and utilization of nanocarriers include the synthesis of electrosomes, hyperbranched nanocarrier, nanogels, peptide and protein nanocarriers.
Advances in the use of Herbal Drugs via the use of Nanotechnology for Impaired Wound Healing in Diabetic Patients with AntiInflammatory Activity
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, leading to nerve and blood vessel damage, organ failure, and impaired wound healing. Wound healing in diabetic patients is further complicated by reduced cytokine responses and delayed healing processes, which can lead to severe complications such as sepsis and gangrene if left untreated. In this study, we explored the potential of acemannan, an herbal extract from aloe gel incorporated into niosomes, for wound healing. Acemannan exhibits antihyperglycemic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory properties with discrete delivery mechanisms and minimal side effects. he aim of this study was to develop herbal-loaded niosomes for wound healing. Niosomes, self-assemblies of nonionic surfactants with or without cholesterol, offer versatile delivery systems for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. The formulation consisted of Span 60, cholesterol, chloroform, methanol, buffer, and spray-dried aloe vera powder, prepared using the Thin Hydration method The resulting herbal niosomes were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, and zeta potential. A batch with a 2:2 ratio of Span 60 and cholesterol exhibited favorable characteristics with a particle size of 144.1 nm and a zeta potential of -17.1 mV. In conclusion, the developed herbal-loaded niosome formulation shows promise for wound healing, offering a potentially safer and more effective alternative to traditional antibiotic treatments for diabetic wounds.
Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on the ECG, PPG, and Mobile HRV Measurements
The ECG, PGG, and Mobile Elite HRV measurements are taken into consideration for opportunity to realize a practical, cheap, and easy health condition detection for cardiovascular diagnosis. PPG could be applied for measuring the physiological state of individuals along their ages in daily life to connect healthcare applications with other biosensors. Determination of heart rate variability (HRV), pulse rate variability (PRV) or heart rate fluctuation (HRF) requires accurate and precise measurement of inter beat intervals (IBI) in the ECG (electrocardiogram), PPG (photoplethysmogram), or in Mobile Elite captured signal. In practice, the signals are mathematically collinear which happen when PPG, ECG, and Elite HRV based data is simultaneously sampled and recorded. For both ECG. PPG, and Mobile Elite HRV based IBI can be analyzed by the cumulative sum technique (CUSUM). This technique is for a series of pulsed time signals from any source. Here the results visualization is based on the precise and accurate data on the variance inflation factor (VIF) analysis so that extra or lagging heart beats were cancelled. Then the data is highly correlated with each other based on the correlation coefficient (R2). VIF is very informative factor on the linearity. The statistics of CUSUM-slope (CUMULATIVE SUM OF ABSOLUTE VALUE DIFFERENCES) is as a measure for IBIs captured the average of signals, for which the CUSUM slope is computed. Because we two or even three dependent variables (IBIs) this can provide an elimination of the independent variable (time) for estimating the signal content in the biomedical signal recordings.
Dissipation of Current Carriers in Lead Telluride Films
he mechanisms of current carrier scattering in polycrystalline lead telluride (PbTe) films deposited on glass substrates in the temperature range 77-300 K have been studied. The main attention is paid to scattering at the grain-to-grain limits, which is the dominant mechanism affecting the mobility of currentcarriers. In this work, a mathematical expression is obtained for calculating the mobility of current carriers in thin films, considering scattering on thesurface and intergrain limits, which makes it possible to evaluate the influence of these mechanisms on the mobility of current carriers. The dependence ofcurrent carrier mobility in PbTe films on thickness and temperature has been studied. It has been established that the dominant scattering mechanism is scattering at grain boundaries. The activation energy of electrical conductivity was estimated, which is approximately 0.04-0.07 eV.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Nanosciences Research & Reports
Nanosensors are one type of sensors. Others include bio-sensors, catalytic sensors, electrochemical sensors. Nanosensors are nanoscale devices that are constructed to identify a particular molecule, biological, medicinal or environmental component and operate within the nanoscale dimensions. Nanosensors convert chemical data such as the concentration of a single sample component to complete composition analysis into an analytically usuable signal. Nanosensors are quite superior to conventional sensor and possess several advantages over conventional sensors. These include amongst others: greater adsorptive capacity due to large surface area to volume ratio, greater modulation of electrical properties such as capacitance, resistance etc. upon exposure to analytes, exceptional electrical conductivity and compatibility with biological systems. Nanosensors have found applications in several realms such as agriculture, biology, chemistry, physics, medicines, environmental, gas sensing, industrially, in the aerospace and defence industry. Research in nano sensor technology is proliferating.
A Review on Shape Stabilized Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage Applications
Thermal energy storage (TES) using solar energy is one of the most prominent techniques to store the energy and reduce to gap between energy demand and supply. There are many useful applications that can be fuelled by TES. Phase change materials (PCM) as TES materials are of great importance as far as the energy storage applications are concerned. However, there are various bottleneck problems with pure PCM like liquid phase leakage, low thermal conductivity, supercooling etc. To overcome this deficit, highly porous foam is used to improve the leakage problem of PCMs during phase transition. Additionally, nanoparticles and nucleating agent are the most commonly employed in-practice approaches to get rid of the issue of low thermal conductivity and supercooling, respectively. In addition, even after being subjected to multiple heat cycles, foam-stabilized PCM composites showed remarkable stability without being degraded. This paper discusses the major foams that has been incorporated with different PCMs along with their critical outcomes. This paper also discusses the significant uses of foam stable PCMs reported by several researchers. As a result of its high latent heat, good thermal conductivity, balanced chemical compatibility, and high thermal stability, the foam-stable PCM composite is a viable choice for thermal-energy management systems.
Study of the Skin-Resorptive Properties of Chitosan
The Aim of the Work: study of the skin-resorptive and sensitizing effects of various chitosan de-rivatives. Material and Methods: To study the skin-resorptive and allegnizing effects of chitosan sulfate and chitosan with furacilin according to the recommendations for the study of the toxicological proper-ties of drugs. Results: For the first time, a complex of preclinical experimental studies of various chitosan deriva-tives developed at the nstitute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan was carried out. It was revealed that they do not have a resorptive and irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, does not cause sensitization of the body of guinea pigs. The drugs do not have a cumulative effect and sensitizing effect. Conclusions: • Chitosan sulfate and chitosan preparations with furacilin do not have a skin-resorptive effect and a locally irritating effect. • Chitosan sulfate and chitosan preparations with furacilin do not have an allergenic effect.
Nanotechnology and Nanostructures in Food Science: Advancements& Applications
Nanotechnology is a field of science that deals with materials at a nano-scale i.e. within the range of 1 to 100 nano meters. Nanotechnology and nanostructures are revolutionizing food science by providing an innovative, effective, and sustainable approach. Nanotechnology is the science of materials which are extremely small, typically ranging from 1-100 nanometers, which finds various applications in diverse fields including but not limited to food science. Different industries like food industry, dairy industry, fruits & vegetables industry, and wine industry would benefit by implementing and integrating nanotechnology. The advancements and applications of nanotechnology and nanostructures in food science have not been explored thoroughly and require a lot more research. However, public concern about the safety of nanomaterials, toxicological aspect of nanomaterials, and food safety concerns still remains a hot topic for further research. This article provides a brief overview of the applications and advancements of nanotechnology in food science.
Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Thin Films by Sol-Gel Dip Coating Process
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a non-toxic material known for its distinctive physical and chemical properties, including a direct band gap energy of 3.37 eV and a large exciton binding energy of 60 meV, which contribute to its significant thermal and chemical stability at room temperature. Due to these characteristics, ZnO plays a critical role in various applications, such as UV light emitters, transparent conducting thin films in electronic devices, gas sensors, piezoelectric materials, transducers, and as a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer in thin-film photoelectrochemical cells. Numerous fabrication techniques have been employed to produce ZnO thin films. However, many of these methods require costly equipment, high vacuum environments, and elevated temperatures. In contrast, the sol-gel process stands out as a convenient, cost-effective, and versatile method for ZnO thin film fabrication. It offers advantages such as simplicity, low crystallization temperature, ease of reproducibility, molecular-level homogeneity, and precise compositional control. In this study, ZnO thin films were deposited onto Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass substrates using the sol-gel dip coating method, with varying preparative parameters: sol concentrations and annealing temperatures. The resulting samples were characterized using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results demonstrated that the unique properties of ZnO thin films are highly dependent on the preparative parameters. Specifically, the band gap energy decreased from 3.25 eV to 3.18 eV with increasing sol concentration and also showed a similar decline with higher annealing temperatures. XRD patterns revealed a smaller full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the most intense peak (002) at higher sol concentrations and annealing temperatures, indicating an increase in crystallite size. FESEM images highlighted distinct morphological changes corresponding to the variations in sol precursor concentration and annealing temperature, while EDX analysis confirmed the formation of highly pure ZnO thin films on ITO glass substrates.
TiN Nanoparticles for Biosensing Applications
Titanium nitride (TiN) is a refractory material that possesses optical properties often compared to gold. In this study, we fabricate and study plasmonic TiN nanoparticles for potential use in biosensing applications. TiN nanoparticles of an average diameter of 154 nm are fabricated with chemical synthesis methods and then exposed to a pulsed laser illumination for 40 minutes. Exposure to laser radiation induced a color change from grey to blue associated with laser-induced breaking of large polycrystalline particles into smaller ones. UV-VIS transmission spectrum of the irradiated sample shows a well-defined dip at 635 nm, associated with surface plasmon resonance. Using various solvents, we demonstrate that the position of the dip is sensitive to the solvent, which presents interest for biosensing applications using TiN nanoparticles.
Electromagnetic Plasma Reactor: Fermionic Derivation Tools
From the developed theories around of an electromagnetic plasma reactor designed and controlled through geometrical invariants has been demonstrated the existence of derived products from electromagnetic plasma as are phonons, fermions, ions, free electrons and protons, magnetic and electric drifts, which can be used as complement or development part of the electromagnetic propulsion system where the fermion flow can produce a ionic force that could be used as propulsion force considering shock waves produced with an electric field on these ions. Likewise, experimentally and considering direct current and voltage in a constant regime, has been detected as ionic wind which carries fermion products to be used too in the possible electromagnetic propulsion. These are other products proposes of previous works. Likewise, through of a caption and detection camera, is measured the electromagnetic properties of the ionic flow of the space derived from the electromagnetic plasma, and is proposed a curvature energy signal of magnetic nature to measure the force and control the electromagnetic plasma and its ionic flow.
Strategies in Petrochemical Processes Part-II: Sulphur Multi Desorption-Unit for Sweeting of the Peruvian Oil
Sulphur contained in crude oil and processed by Petrochemical Industry can be represent a seriously environmental problem. Crudes containing a high percent of impurities, such as Sulfur compounds, are less desirable than low-sulfur crudes because of their corrosivity and the extra treating cost, increasing production costs. Sulfur in crude oils is mainly present in the form of organosulfur compounds (Mercaptans, Thiophene). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the important inorganic sulfur compound found in crude oil. Sour crudes contain a high percentage of Hydrogen Sulfide
Understanding Experiments Through Simulated PhotoinducedElectron Transfer: The Case of 1,3-Bis(3-perylenyl)propane
Photoinduced electron transfer reactions have been investigated for 1,3-bis(3-perylenyl)propane using a theoretical method that includes interactions between multiple charge-configurations of the system and its coupling to its intramolecular phonon modes. Both charge separation and charge recombination reactions are considered making it possible to compare relative lifetimes of specific states across different systems. Two different theories for calculating the coupling between electronic states, Fock matrix recombination - bridge (FMR-B) and generalized Mulliken-Hush (GMH), are used to calculate all relevant couplings between electronic states of the system. The couplings of each electronic state to the intramolecular vibrational modes are calculated based on a harmonic oscillator model, and everything is propagated in time using the Redfield equation. The dynamics predicted by either of the coupling methods show the same overall dynamics of the systems tested and comparison of experimental observations with the predicted dynamics exhibit good agreement.
Phase Composition and Structure of Ultrathin NanocrystallineCu-Ni Film Alloys
he results of studying the morphology, crystal structure and phase composition of ultrathin Cu-Ni alloy films with thicknesses up to d = 10 nm and concentrations 0 < Cu < 100 at.% are presented.
Understanding Magnetic Phase Transitions in Graphene and Finding Ce2Ge2Mg
For 10 weeks, two projects were carried out at the University of Kentucky during the REU research project. The initial project was titled Understanding Magnetic Phase Transitions in Graphene. However, the latter project brought about more abundant results, which involved research based on the discovery of Ce2Ge2Mg crystals.
Nanotechnology: “Advancing Material Science and Medicine”
Nanotechnology has been a rapidly growing field of advanced science at the inception of this century. Nanotechnology of advanced materials, polymers, principally revolves around endeavours to plan materials at a sub-atomic level to accomplish alluring properties and applications at a naturally visible level. Nanotechnology can be used for the advancement of technologies, ranging from communication and information, health and medicine, future energy, environment and climate change to transport and cultural heritage, personal protective equipment (PPE), fuels, fuel cells, biosensors, disease sensors etc. Nanomaterials will lead to a new approach to manufacturing materials and devices. Faster computers, advanced pharmaceuticals, controlled drug delivery, biocompatible materials, nerve and tissue repair, crackproof surface coatings, better skin care and protection, more efficient catalysts, better and smaller sensors, even more efficient telecommunication. For example, a low risk solution using antibody modified bismuth nanoparticle, in combination with an X-ray dose equivalent to a chest X-ray specifically, has been shown to kill the common bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a set up designed to resemble a deep wound in human tissue. Nanosized gold particle could catalyse the oxidation of carbon monoxide better than anything previously known. Heparin functionalized nanoparticles have been use for targeted delivery of anti-malarial drugs. Heparin is abundant and cheap, compared to treatments that involve antibodies, an important consideration, since malaria is most common in developing countries. A bone repairing nano-particle paste has been developed that promises faster repair of fractures and breakages. DNA containing two growth genes is encapsulated inside synthetic calcium phosphate nanoparticles. In a remarkable demonstration of the extreme limits of nanoscale engineering, researchers have used the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope to cleave and form selected chemical bonds in a complex molecule. Many medicinal and industrial endeavours have seen the use of Nanotechnology. Nanoparticles can attach to SARS COV-2 viruses, disrupting their structure and so kill the virus. These and other more recent advances in nanotechnology will be presented at this conference.
A Portable RGB-Type Quantum Dot-Based Water Sensing Device for Heavy Metal Ion Detection
Using fluorescent quantum dots to detect heavy metal ions in water resources has attracted extensive attention. However, bulky photoluminescence spectrometers are generally required to read the signals, which are not suitable for on-site detection. This study designed a portable RGB-type quantum dot-based water sensing device using semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as probes to detect various heavy metal ions. The results generated from the device in general agree well with those obtained from photoluminescence spectroscopy, demonstrating that the device can effectively screen the presence of different heavy metal ions. Both the portable device and the photoluminescence spectrometer measurements confirmed that the SQDs used in this study could detect a lower concentration of heavy metal ions, but their fluorescence was quenched by a wide range of other ions at a higher testing concertation. In comparison, CQDs had better selectivity to Cadmium (Cd) ions. Our work verified the feasibility of the RGB-type quantum dot-based portable water sensing device, and the future work will focus on selecting a proper quantum dot material to achieve high selectivity and sensitivity simultaneously.
Nanoporous Silicon Materials Achieved by Electrochemical Method and Applications
Nanoporous materials have attracted extremely intense scientific attraction since the photoluminescence discovery at room temperature because of the quantum confinement effects. It is well known that in addition to the superior photoluminescence, nanoporous silicon materials prepared by the electrochemical method are promising materials for applications in catalysis, chemical, energy storage and biological sensing, due to its high porosity, modifiable surface, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which comprise with tunable optical porous Si structure and the applications such as biosensing, in vivo imaging, gas sensing and solar cells. Therefore, the facile electrochemical methods employed to synthesize the nanoporous materials are marked, especially for nanoporous silicon materials aim to provide the crucial information about the relevant techniques to consider the eco-friendly developments for the future environmental risks to diminish.
Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Semiconductors in the Cross Era
Artificial intelligence (AI) of the intrinsic changes in semiconductors is stated and reviewed in this paper. Similar to how the brain functions, a software that reforms AI is essential. Other components such as vision, auditory, hearing, and taste sensations are also crucial. These changes will cause the production line to change. This will further affect our future applications. Of course, our education is deeply far-reaching.
Effect of Deposition Time on Material Properties of ZnO Nanorods Grown on GZO Seed Layer by CBD
ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) were grown on Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) through a two-step procedure, involving pre-treatment to form the seed layer followed by growth of the nanorods through chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The study determines the effect of different growth deposition times (ranging between 30 and 150 min) at 90°C growth temperature and 0.05M concentration of precursor solution. The influence of this growth parameter on structural and optical properties of ZNRs thin films is presented. The pattern of X-ray diffraction displayed ZNRs thin films with a polycrystalline hexagonal structure. The estimated crystallite size increased with deposition time while the calculated strain was found to decrease with increase in time, an implication of improved crystallinity at longer deposition time as displayed by highest XRD peak intensity at 90 min. The scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images exhibited various types of morphologies at different deposition time with homogenously distributed nanorods observed at 90 min. An inverse relation between the optical band gaps and deposition growth time of the prepared nanorods was observed. The ZNRs sample grown on the transparent conductive film of GZO, with high luminescence and perfect crystallization produced at the 90 min growth deposition time could suitable for use as a photoanode component of the dye-sensitized solar cell.
Enhancement of the Properties of Nano Glass Fibre Composites– A Review of Some Significant Trends
The article provides some significant insights on the properties of nano glass fibre composites. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites plays an important role in many industries; because weight to strength ratio is extremely high when compared to monolithic metals. One of the main limitations of FRP composites are the low mechanical properties due to the presence of polymer associated with it. To solve this problem, material engineers are investigating the use of different nanoparticles mixed in different polymers to improve mechanical properties of the polymer. Nano Copper Oxide (CuO) materials dispersed in polystyrene resin using ultrasonic bath sonicator are used as matrix face for glass fiber reinforced plastics which is manufactured by hand layup processes. As per ASTM standards tensile and compression test are carried out in universal testing machine. Microstructure of samples has been investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hence the dispersion of reinforcement was noted. The mechanical properties and fracture toughness of woven fabric Glass/Kevlar based hybrid composite tailored using modified epoxy with micro rubber and nano silica. The principal aim of this work is to clarify the importance of hybrid fibre/filler addition and stacking sequence of fibre reinforcement in epoxy matrix. The epoxy was modified with addition of 9% micro rubber and 11% of nano silica by weight fraction. Both glass and kevlar woven mats were made by hand weaving and the composites were prepared using hand lay-up method.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Nanosciences Research & Reports
Harmonic and Anharmonic Lattice Thermal Capacities of Molecular Wires and 0001-Oriented Cylindrical ZnO Nano-Wires
Unique characteristics of temperature-dependent isobaric thermal capacity, Cp (T), of ‘chain and layered structures’ attracted substantial scientific interest more than seven decades ago. In particular, the low-temperature Cp (T) function(s) of linear macromolecules (microwires) apparently does not follow the Debye’s law, Cp (T) ∝ T3 , which is well established experimentally and theoretically for the bulk crystalline and amorphous solids more than a century ago. Instead, Cp (T) ∝ T and Cp (T) ∝ T2 dependencies are generally expected for those chain and layered structures (respectively) at relatively low temperatures. In addition, the low-temperature behaviour(r) of the isobaric lattice thermal capacity could be affected considerably as well by ‘cut-off ’ in the fundamental vibrational spectrum of nano-structures materials, originating appearance of their ‘low-temperature anomalies’. Framework of so-called ‘Tarasov Equation(s)’allows one to reformulate readily the basic equations of the Debye’s theory for the thermal capacity of bulk solids into similar basic equations suitable for the ‘layered’ (2D) and ‘chain’ (1D) structures. However, even in these cases, the (acoustic) phonon spectra of those 1D and 2D structure(s) are implicitly presumed to be quasi-continuous. In other words, the spatial confinement effect and (closely related to it) phonon energy quantization are routinely not taken into account even within frameworks of dominant existing approaches to quantitative evaluations on the lattice thermal capacity of spatially non-homogeneous and low-dimensional solids, which eventually do not allow one to replicate important features of the experimental Cp (T) curves, like aforementioned ‘low-temperature anomalies’. Herein, the static and spatially confined vibrational basis comprises of zeros of Bessel functions of the first kind in a combination with so-called ‘Fock space formalism’ are implemented at simulations on the single-particle (fundamental) and many-particle acoustic phonon spectra and temperature-dependent harmonic and anharmonic fractions of the lattice thermal capacity of nanowires (NWs) with the ‘cylindrical’ morphology. Simulation results obtained for the cylindrical 0001-oriented ZnO NWs of different transverse sizes (lengths and diameters) are compared (wherever it is possible) with predictions of 1D ‘Generalized Skettrup Model’ for the ‘molecular wires’.