Journal of Neurology Research Reviews & Reports
Journal of Neurology Research Reviews & Reports is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Neurology Research Reviews. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of research, review, case reports, analysis, magazines, editorials, opinion, communications, mini-review, short communications, picturized, book review, video type and power point presentations (PPTS). Articles can be submitted through online from https://www.onlinescientificresearch.com/submit-online or can send through an e-mail with attachment for neurosciences@onlinescientificresearch.info
Functional and Structural Recovery in Myasthenia Gravis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Using a Biophoton-Emitting Device: A Case Report
Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness due to impaired neuromuscular transmission, most often mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that leads to persistent synovial inflammation, joint deformity, and systemic complications. Standard management for both disorders frequently require long-term immunosuppressive therapy, yet many patients experience incomplete responses or adverse effects. Novel, non-invasive therapeutic strategies are therefore needed. Biophoton therapy, which leverages ultraweak photon emissions to influence cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, and intercellular signaling, has shown promising preliminary results in a variety of chronic neurological and systemic conditions. Objective: To describe functional, structural, and systemic improvements in two patients with MG one with concomitant RA following the use of Tesla BioHealer devices, which emit biophotons in biologically relevant wavelength ranges. Methods: This case report documents photographic, functional, and subjective outcomes in two patients after consistent daily use of Tesla BioHealer devices. The first patient, a 64-year-old female with both MG and RA, used one device continuously for 56 days, later increasing to two. The second patient, a 70-year-old female with MG, used two devices daily for four weeks; her spouse, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/emphysema, also underwent biophoton exposure. Results: In the first case, baseline photographs revealed pronounced swelling and deformity of the hands consistent with advanced RA and MG-related muscle weakness. After treatment, marked reductions in swelling and deformity were observed, alongside improved joint mobility, enhanced comfort, and greater systemic vitality. In the second case, the patient reported enhanced muscle strength, reduced fatigue, and improved quality of life, while her spouse reported better breathing and reduced reliance on nebulizer therapy. These changes were corroborated by family members and treating clinicians. Conclusion: These cases provide preliminary evidence that biophoton therapy may improve both structural and functional outcomes in complex autoimmune and neuromuscular conditions. Although limited by anecdotal design and lack of standardized clinical measures, the speed and magnitude of observed benefits support the need for controlled clinical trials to further assess the role of biophoton-generating devices in MG, RA, and related disorders.
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Biophoton Therapy in Lyme Disease: Neurophysiological and Bioenergetic Improvements Over 4 Weeks - A Case Report
Background: Lyme disease frequently results in persistent neurological dysfunction even after standard antibiotic therapy, with symptoms including cognitive impairment, fatigue, and impaired vigilance. Biophoton therapy, a non-invasive intervention that emits ultra-weak photons, has been proposed to restore mitochondrial function, support systemic bioenergetics, and improve neural efficiency. Methods: We present a case study of a 54-year-old female patient with chronic Lyme disease who underwent continuous biophoton therapy for four weeks using two Tesla BioHealers. Neurophysiological outcomes were assessed at baseline, Week 2, and Week 4 using quantitative EEG (qEEG), event-related potentials (ERPs), and behavioral reaction times. Patient-reported outcomes (SF-36) and pulmonary function (spirometry) were also measured. Systemic energy balance was evaluated using Bio-Well gas discharge visualization technology to quantify organ-specific and integral energy changes. Results: The patient demonstrated progressive improvement in quality of life (SF-36: ~1,200 baseline to ~3,300 at Week 2) and pulmonary function (spirometry: ~150 baseline to ~430 at Week 2). EEG findings showed early normalization of posterior alpha activity, reduced theta/beta ratio, and sustained improvement in reaction time (470 ms baseline to 411 ms a Week 4). ERP analysis revealed a transient improvement in visual processing latency at Week 2. Bio-Well assessments indicated a systemic shift from fragmented and depleted energy at baseline to coherent, balanced energy fields by Week 4. All organs with baseline energy below 4 Joules (×10-²) increased above this threshold, with a mean overall energy gain of +0.73 per organ. Conclusion: Biophoton therapy was associated with multidimensional improvements in cortical efficiency, systemic energy balance, and functional outcomes in a patient with chronic Lyme disease. These findings highlight the potential of biophoton therapy as a novel non-invasive intervention for post-infectious neurological dysfunctions, warranting further validation in controlled clinical studies.
Biophoton Therapy for Chronic Pain: Clinical and Real-World Breakthrough
Background: Chronic pain presents a major clinical and public health challenge, particularly among patients with neurological and inflammatory diseases. Current pharmacological treatments often carry risks of side effects or dependency, highlighting the urgent need for safe, effective, non-invasive alternatives. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Tesla BioHealing® Biophoton Generators in reducing chronic pain, based on data from clinical trials and real-world users. Methods: A total of 194 patients diagnosed with chronic conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, chronic stroke, traumatic brain injury, post-COVID syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, and Lyme disease, participated in seven clinical trials conducted from 2020 to 2025. Pain levels were assessed using the SF-36 survey before and after 4 weeks of biophoton exposure. Additionally, real-world outcomes from over 45,000 users were analyzed via post-marketing surveys and testimonials. Ancillary studies included infrared thermography, meridian energy mapping, and dark-field microscopy of live blood samples. Results: No adverse events were reported. Among 87 participants with moderate to severe baseline pain, only 21 remained symptomatic after 4 weeks, a 76% reduction. A randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial on arthritis confirmed statistically significant pain relief in the biophoton group (p<0.01). Real-world users with severe pain reported average pain score reductions from 9.52 to 5.26. Infrared imaging showed reduced inflammation, meridian analysis revealed increased bioenergy circulation, and live blood microscopy confirmed restored fluidity and reduced oxidative stress. Conclusion: Tesla BioHealing® Biophoton Generators provide a novel, drug-free therapy for chronic pain with strong safety and efficacy signals across diverse conditions. This technology offers a promising alternative to opioid-based therapies and supports broader applications in integrative neurology and pain medicine.
Non-Invasive Biophoton Therapy Restores Visual Function in Advanced Glaucoma: A Human and Canine Case Report
Background: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell loss and optic nerve degeneration. Current therapies focus on lowering intraocular pressure but do not reverse established visual deficits. Novel, non-invasive approaches aimed at neuroregeneration are urgently needed. Objective: To explore the potential of biophoton therapy a non-pharmacologic intervention delivering light in the 500-1000 nm range to restore visual function in cases of advanced glaucoma. Methods: Two real-world case observations were documented: a human patient with a history of five glaucoma surgeries and 50% vision loss in one eye, and a canine diagnosed with secondary glaucoma and complete functional blindness. Both subjects received biophoton therapy via a non-heating biophoton-emitting eye mask (human) or stationary biophoton generators placed near the sleeping area (canine). No additional pharmacologic or surgical interventions were introduced during the observation period. Results: Within four weeks of nightly biophoton eye mask use, the human subject reported complete resolution of visual fog and restoration of color perception and brightness in the affected eye. The canine subject demonstrated regained visual tracking and environmental navigation within two weeks of therapy, despite an initial prognosis of irreversible blindness. In both cases, the improvements occurred in the absence of medication changes or additional treatments. Conclusion: These findings suggest that biophoton therapy may stimulate visual recovery in cases of advanced glaucoma, potentially through mechanisms involving mitochondrial activation, neuroprotection, and improved microcirculation. While anecdotal, the observed cross-species visual restoration supports the biological plausibility of biophoton-mediated optic nerve regeneration. Controlled clinical studies are warranted to systematically evaluate efficacy, dose-response, and mechanisms of action.
Non-Invasive Biophoton Therapy for Neurocognitive and Physical Recovery in Retired Athletes with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study in Former NFL Players
Objective: This pilot observational study evaluated the impact of nightly exposure to biophoton energy therapy delivered via Tesla BioHealer devices on cognitive function, physical vitality, and emotional well-being in retired NFL players experiencing chronic symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Twelve retired NFL athletes with persistent neurocognitive, physical, and emotional impairments related to TBI used Tesla BioHealers overnight (≥8 hours/night) for an initial 60-day period, with an optional extension to 120 days. Weekly interviews and bi-weekly surveys assessed changes in sleep quality, memory, pain, energy levels, emotional stability, and interpersonal relationships. Additionally, one participant underwent a blinded, placebocontrolled EEG study with serial assessments to measure physiological changes over six weeks. Results: By the first night, 100% of participants experienced uninterrupted sleep. By day 30, 85% reported improved cognition and reduced pain. By day 60, all participants demonstrated full mental clarity, enhanced physical and emotional functioning, and restored sexual performance. These effects persisted through the extended follow-up. Quantitative EEG from the controlled case revealed improvements in frontal alpha asymmetry, posterior peak frequency, and attentional markers, correlating with enhanced mood, cognitive readiness, and neuroregulation. One participant’s SF-36 score improved by 42% after four weeks of active treatment. Conclusion: Biophoton therapy may offer a non-invasive, restorative approach for improving sleep, neurocognitive performance, and quality of life in individuals with chronic TBI. These preliminary results underscore the need for larger, randomized clinical trials to validate therapeutic efficacy and explore underlying mechanisms.
Biophoton Therapy Restores Hemorheology in Chronic Stroke: Live Blood Evidence of Microvascular Recovery
Background: Chronic stroke is associated with long-term impairments in microvascular circulation, blood rheology, and cellular metabolism, which collectively limit recovery. Biophoton generators emit ultraweak, coherent photons that may restore mitochondrial function, enhance red blood cell morphology, and improve systemic perfusion. Methods: A 70-year-old male with chronic ischemic stroke underwent 24 days of continuous exposure to Tesla BioHealer® devices. Capillary blood samples were collected on Days 0, 2, 14, 17, and 24 and analyzed using darkfield live blood microscopy. Five hematologic parameters RBC aggregation, fibrin thread density, membrane integrity, plasma debris, and immune or platelet activity were semi-quantitatively scored (0–4), yielding a raw severity score (0–20) and a composite blood health score (0–10). Results: At baseline, the patient exhibited severe rouleaux formation, dense fibrin networks, and distorted erythrocyte morphology (composite score = 2.0). By Day 24, >80% of RBCs were freely separated with clear plasma and no detectable fibrin, yielding a composite score of 9.5 and a >90% reduction in the raw severity score. These findings suggest significantly improved blood fluidity, oxygen delivery capacity, and microvascular integrity. Conclusions: Biophoton therapy produced rapid, sustained improvements in blood morphology and rheology in a chronic stroke patient. These hematologic changes may reflect systemic recovery mechanisms observed in larger clinical studies, including improved cerebral perfusion and neurofunctional restoration. Controlled trials are warranted to further evaluate biophoton therapy as a noninvasive adjunct for stroke rehabilitation.
Biophoton Therapy Reverses Electrophysiological Deficits in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: Quantitative EEG Evidence of Cognitive and Network Recovery
Background: Chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a debilitating condition lacking effective restorative treatments. Patients often experience persistent cognitive, emotional, and neurological impairments due to unresolved network-level dysfunction. Current therapeutic options provide limited recovery, underscoring the urgent need for novel neuromodulation strategies. Objective: This study investigates the use of biophoton therapy a non-invasive, quantum-based light energy modality—as a novel intervention to improve brain function in chronic TBI patients using quantitative EEG (qEEG) and event-related potential (ERP) biomarkers. Methods: Four patients with chronic TBI underwent resting-state EEG and ERP assessments at baseline, 2 weeks (placebo or early exposure), and 4 to 6 weeks following daily exposure to strong biophoton generators. EEG data were analyzed for changes in posterior alpha peak frequency, frontal theta/beta ratio, frontal alpha asymmetry, EC/EO alpha ratio, and Brodmann area Z-scores. ERP tasks evaluated visual/auditory processing and working memory. Results: Placebo exposure produced no measurable change in cognitive or neural function. In contrast, biophoton therapy resulted in consistent electrophysiological improvements across patients, including: (1) Increased posterior alpha frequency (e.g., 9.4 → 10.4 Hz). (2) Reduced theta/beta ratios (e.g., 0.97 → 0.75), indicating improved attention. (3) Enhanced EC/EO alpha ratios, suggesting greater arousal regulation. (4) Decreased ERP latencies (e.g., N4 reduced by 48 ms), indicating faster working memory. (5) Normalization of Brodmann area z-scores in sensorimotor, frontal, and temporal regions. Conclusion: Biophoton therapy represents a promising, drug-free intervention for restoring neurophysiological function in chronic TBI. This novel modality improves both cognitive performance and underlying brain network activity, as demonstrated by objective EEG biomarkers. These findings warrant further clinical investigation to establish biophoton therapy as a viable treatment pathway for unmet neurorehabilitation needs in TBI.
Quantitative EEG Reveals Cognitive and Motor Restoration After Biophoton Treatment in Chronic Stroke
Background: Chronic stroke is a leading cause of long-term neurological disability, with limited therapeutic options for restoring brain function beyond the acute recovery window. Recent advances in biophoton therapy suggest a novel approach to promote neuroplasticity through non-invasive, energybased mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the neurophysiological effects of strong biophoton generator therapy in patients with chronic stroke using quantitative EEG (qEEG) and behavioral metrics. Methods: Five patients aged 63-77 years with confirmed chronic stroke received nightly exposure to four strong biophoton generators for 4 consecutive weeks. EEG recordings were acquired at baseline, Week 2, and Week 4 using the BrainView system. Primary outcomes included posterior alpha frequency, theta/beta ratio, frontal alpha asymmetry, and event-related potentials (P2, P3, P3b). Secondary outcomes included reaction time, error rate, and patient reported symptoms. EEG data were analyzed longitudinally to assess progressive neurofunctional change. Results: Across patients, biophoton therapy was associated with increased posterior alpha frequency (mean +0.3–0.5 Hz), reduced theta/beta ratios (mean –0.05 to –0.1), and shortened P3 and P3b latencies (mean –16 to –20 ms), indicating enhanced cortical processing and attentional regulation. Behavioral improvements included reduced reaction time variability, fewer missed responses, and self-reported improvements in balance and strength. Placebo-treated control data showed no significant EEG or behavioral change. Conclusion: Biophoton therapy may stimulate measurable recovery in chronic stroke patients, as reflected by improved EEG biomarkers and cognitive behavioral outcomes. These findings highlight the potential of bioenergetic interventions to activate latent neural plasticity, offering a promising nonpharmacological option for post-stroke rehabilitation.
Enhancing Blood Fluidity and Physiological Markers in Early Stage Alzheimer’s Disease Using Biophoton Generators: A Case Study
Background: Impaired blood fluidity and microcirculation are increasingly recognized as contributors to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study investigates the effect of strong biophoton generators on blood quality, oxygenation, and cellular morphology in a patient with early-stage AD. Methods: A 59-year-old female with clinically diagnosed early-stage AD was exposed to four biophoton generators emitting coherent biophysical fields for ≥8 hours/day over 4 weeks. Blood samples were analyzed under a dark-field microscope at Baseline, Day 3, Day 5, Day 13, Day 18, and Day 27. Physiological markers assessed included blood viscosity, oxygen saturation, lipid profile, and cellular morphology. Results: By Day 3, blood became cleaner with reduced cell aggregation and increased oxygenation. By Day 5, further improvements in morphology and immune activation were observed. Day 13 and Day 18, showed reduced systemic pain and better sleep initiation without hormonal support. By Day 27, the patient displayed stabilized cell morphology, improved metabolism, and reduced dependence on medications. Conclusion: Biophoton therapy demonstrated a measurable improvement in blood fluidity, oxygen delivery, and systemic homeostasis. These changes may support neurological stabilization and pain reduction, offering a novel adjunctive approach for early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. Further controlled studies are warranted.
Quantitative EEG Evidence of Cognitive Restoration in Alzheimer’s Disease Following Biophoton Generator Therapy
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is marked by progressive cognitive and electrophysiological decline. Existing treatments offer limited symptomatic relief without reversing underlying pathology. Recent advances in biophoton therapy offer a novel, non-invasive strategy targeting mitochondrial and neural function. Objective: To evaluate the neurophysiological and cognitive effects of biophoton generator therapy in AD patients using quantitative EEG (qEEG) metrics. Methods: A randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 24 AD patients but 4 with serial EEG recordings were analyzed and reported in this article. Participants received nightly exposure to four strong biophoton generators for 2 to 4 weeks. Key EEG biomarkers assessed included posterior peak alpha frequency, theta/beta ratio, frontal alpha asymmetry, and P300 event-related potentials. Results: Placebo-phase data showed negligible EEG changes. In contrast, 2 to 4 weeks of active treatment led to increased alpha and beta power, reduced delta/theta activity, improved interhemispheric coherence, elevated EEG entropy, and enhanced P300 amplitude with shorter latency. Improvements were consistent across spectral, topographic, and ERP domains, suggesting cognitive restoration and neural plasticity. Conclusion: Strong biophoton generator therapy significantly improved qEEG biomarkers in AD patients within a short treatment window. These findings support further investigation into biophoton therapy as a safe, scalable intervention for neurodegenerative disorders.
Quantitative EEG Evidence of Functional Brain Recovery in Parkinson’s Disease Following Biophoton Therapy
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited treatment options that address both motor and non-motor symptoms. Biophoton therapy, a non-invasive modality emitting biologically coherent light, may offer a novel approach to restoring functional brain activity in PD patients by promoting cellular repair and neurophysiological rebalancing. Methods: This study employed quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and event-related potential (ERP) biomarkers to assess the neurophysiological effects of biophoton therapy in multiple PD patients over a 4-week period. Each patient received continuous exposure to four strong biophoton generators. EEG metrics analyzed included posterior alpha peak frequency, theta/beta ratio, ERP latencies (P300, N2, P2, N4), reaction times, error rates, and brain region Z-scores associated with memory, attention, and motor control. Results: Patients demonstrated measurable neurophysiological improvements after biophoton therapy compared to baseline and placebo periods. Key findings included reductions in posterior alpha frequency (indicative of decreased CNS hyperarousal), enhanced attention and vigilance (lowered theta/beta ratios), faster ERP latencies (e.g., P300 latency improved from 340 ms to 320 ms), and improved motor performance (reaction time decreased from 841 ms to 582 ms). Z-score analysis revealed normalization across Brodmann Areas 1–10, reflecting restored memory, impulse control, and emotional regulation. No significant improvements were observed during placebo conditions. Conclusion: Strong biophoton generators produced consistent and clinically meaningful neurophysiological enhancements in Parkinson’s disease patients within a 4-week window. This therapy may represent a safe, non-pharmacologic, and scalable intervention capable of reversing functional markers of neurodegeneration. These results warrant larger controlled studies to confirm efficacy and explore underlying mechanisms.
Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardioembolic Stroke in Young Adults
Cardioembolic ischemic stroke in young adults is an increasingly recognized clinical and public health challenge, differing in etiology and management from strokes in older populations. This retrospective study, conducted at the University Hospital of Annaba between 2020 and 2023, analyzed 48 cases of young adults aged 26 to 55 years diagnosed with cardioembolic stroke (TOAST type II). The most common underlying cause was patent foramen ovale (PFO), found in 62.5% of patients, followed by rheumatic mitral valve disease, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and infective endocarditis. Clinical presentations were typically characterized by hemiparesis and carotid territory infarctions. Management strategies were tailored to each etiology: PFO closure with antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation and valvulopathies, and guideline-based treatment for myocardial infarction and endocarditis. The in-hospital mortality rate was low (4.2%), but complications such as post-stroke depression, hemorrhagic transformation, epilepsy, and recurrence were observed. The findings underscore the need for early diagnostic workup, etiological classification, and personalized treatment strategies to optimize outcomes and prevent recurrence in young adults with cardioembolic stroke.
Neuroimaging in Hemiplegic Migraine - Case Report and Literature Review
A 29-year-old man presented to the emergency department with sudden-onset aphasia and left-arm weakness. The patient’s initial appearance was that of a healthy, well-developed male. He had not had any fevers, chills, cough, or nausea.
Twelve-Day Live Blood Analysis Reveals Hemorheological and Microvascular Restoration in a Parkinsons Disease Patient Following Biophoton Therapy
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by impaired microcirculation, systemic inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This case study presents a 12-day live blood analysis under dark-field microscopy of a 69-year-old male PD patient undergoing continuous non-invasive biophoton therapy. Initial blood morphology showed severe rouleaux formation, irregular red blood cells (RBCs), and protein-congested plasma hallmarks of oxidative stress and impaired oxygen delivery. Over the 12-day period, progressive improvements were observed in RBC morphology, membrane integrity, spacing, and plasma clarity, culminating in a physiologically optimal blood terrain by Day 12. These improvements suggest systemic detoxification, immune normalization, and enhanced tissue oxygenation. Biophoton therapy may offer a novel supportive strategy to restore hemorheology and cellular coherence in neurodegenerative disease management.
Declaration of the 3rd Global Congress on Advances in Addiction Medicine and Mental Health (Adv. AMMH 2025) June 23–24, 2025 | Berlin, Germany
We, the participants of the 3rd Global Congress on Advances in Addiction Medicine and Mental Health (Adv. AMMH 2025), representing a diverse community of clinicians, scientists, mental health advocates, educators, public health leaders, and policymakers from around the world, unite in our commitment to addressing the global challenges posed by addiction and mental illness.
Safety and Efficacy of Biophoton Quantum Medicine in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis represent a significant and growing public health burden worldwide. Existing pharmacologic therapies primarily offer symptomatic relief and have limited efficacy in halting disease progression or reversing neuronal damage. Biophoton Quantum Medicine (BQM) is an emerging, non-invasive therapeutic approach that utilizes coherent biophoton emissions ultra-weak photon energy naturally produced by biological systems to modulate cellular and neurological function. This review explores the foundational principles of BQM, including its proposed mechanisms of action on mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox balance, neuroinflammation, and neural plasticity. Preclinical data in animal models demonstrate neuroprotective effects, while preliminary clinical observations suggest improvements in cognition, motor function, speech, sleep quality, and overall quality of life in patients with neurodegenerative conditions. BQM has shown a favorable safety profile, with no significant adverse events reported to date. Given its mechanistic plausibility and early clinical promise, BQM warrants further investigation through well-designed randomized controlled trials to establish its therapeutic value and integration into standard neurological care.
Predicting Outcomes from Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Bayesian Network Analysis
Better understanding of predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD) holds potential for improving outcomes. This study sought to identify which specific social anxiety symptoms measured pretreatment were associated with post-treatment outcomes. A pre-registered retrospective cohort study was used in a sample of N=1315 patients treated with CBT for SAD in routine clinical practice. The outcome was a reliable and clinically significant improvement (RCSI) on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 outcome measure. A Bayesian network symptom model of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) was trained using Bayesian network analysis with 10- fold cross-validation (n=658). Predictive accuracy was evaluated in an external test sample (n=657). The performance of the network model generalised to an external test sample (AUC = 0.59; PPV = 0.53; NPV = 0.59) with moderate prediction shrinkage relative to performance in the test sample (AUC = 0.67). A network of four interrelated SAD symptoms were found to be reliable outcome predictors: fear of embarrassment, avoiding talking, avoiding criticism and fear of being observed. Identifying important SAD symptoms at assessment could enable these to be targeted during CBT to help maximize treatment efficiency and effectiveness.
Therapeutic Benefits of Biophoton Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Evidence from a Pilot and Real-World Study
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder lacking curative treatment. Biophoton therapy, a non-invasive modality utilizing ultra-weak photon emissions to restore cellular function, has shown promise in enhancing neurological recovery. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of automatic biophoton generators (ABG) on motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with PD. Methods: A prospective, open-label pilot study enrolled 42 PD patients in both at home and wellness center settings. Participants received biophoton therapy for at least 8 hours daily over 2-4 weeks. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), the non-motor symptom scale (NMSS), Quality of Life (SF-36), and neurological examinations. Real-world feedback from 10 long-term ABG users was also analyzed. Results: Biophoton therapy significantly improved motor function (reduced MDS-UPDRS scores), non-motor symptoms (lower NMSS scores), and quality of life (elevated SF-36 scores) within one week. No adverse events were reported. Improvements were consistent across both clinical and real-world groups, with enhanced energy, reduced tremors, and better sleep frequently cited. The detailed case demonstrated progressive neurological recovery, improved cognitive clarity, and increased biophoton levels over four weeks. Conclusions: Biophoton therapy represents safe, effective, and non-invasive adjunct treatment for PD. Results suggest it may restore cellular energetics, reduce oxidative stress, and promote neuroplasticity. Larger randomized trials are warranted to confirm efficacy and optimize therapeutic protocols.
Comparative Efficacy of QEEG-Guided rTMS and Home-Based tDCS for Social Communication and Behavioral Outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Parallel Cohort Analysis
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is increasingly targeted with non-invasive neuromodulation, yet comparative evidence for the two most accessible approaches quantitative EEG guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) remains scarce. Objective: To synthesise and directly contrast clinical efficacy, neurophysiological change and real-world feasibility of intensive clinic based rTMS versus home supervised tDCS, each delivered to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in paediatric ASD. Methods: Individual level pre/post data from two prospectively registered observational cohorts were re analysed. The rTMS study enrolled 56 children/ adolescents (mean age 9 y) who received 40 QEEG tailored sessions (1 Hz right + 10 Hz left DLPFC) over 4 weeks. The tDCS study involved 265 participants (3–18 y) completing twenty 1.5–1.8 mA anodal left DLPFC sessions across 4 weeks, administered at home under remote monitoring. Shared outcome instruments (SRS 2, ADOS 2, ABC, RBS R) were harmonised, and Hedges g was computed. Qualitative caregiver feedback on feasibility and acceptability was thematically integrated. Results: rTMS produced large improvements across all domains (g = 1.00–1.55), with mean SRS 2 T scores decreasing by 11.2 points and ABC totals by 12.3 points. tDCS yielded moderate but significant gains in verbal (g = 0.52) and nonverbal (g = 0.48) social communication, emotional regulation (g = 0.57) and executive functions (g = 0.45). Neither modality incurred serious adverse events; transient scalp discomfort (rTMS) and mild skin irritation (tDCS) were the most common side effects. Caregivers valued the stronger behavioural impact of rTMS but favoured the logistical ease and lower cost of home based tDCS. Conclusions: Both neuromodulation paradigms significantly ameliorate core ASD symptoms, with rTMS conferring larger effect sizes and tDCS offering superior scalability. A stepped care model initiating with portable tDCS and escalating to intensive QEEG guided rTMS for partial responders merits prospective randomised evaluation. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition currently affecting roughly 1 in 36 children aged eight years in the United States, with a male-to-female ratio of nearly 4:1 (cdc.gov). The DSM-5-TR defines ASD by two obligatory domains, the first of which is persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts.
Can Personality Protect Against Cognitive Decline in Aging? A 25-year Longitudinal Study of Experiential Openness, Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Aging
Studies of neurocognition across the lifespan have demonstrated gradual declines among healthy adults in the domains of memory, problem-solving, sensory processing, executive functioning, and processing speed. However, recent advances in the field of personality neuroscience have discovered significant differences between and within individuals’ capacity to compensate for these differences, ultimately altering the degree and magnitude of neurocognitive decline in the aging process. Experiential Openness (EO), first proposed by Costa and McCrae in their five-factor model of personality has been found to be positively related to preserved autobiographical memory recall and reminiscing activity. Additionally, Ihle, Zuber, Gouveia, et. al. found that EO adults engaged in more leisure time activities which served to mediate smaller cognitive declines in executive functioning relative to their Experientially Closed (EC) counterparts. The current study recruited an initial cohort of 220 well-educated and physically healthy adults aged 55-57 who volunteered to complete a total of six one-hour neurocognitive testing sessions (i.e.once every five years) over a 25 year period. Participants initially completed the NEO Personality Inventory. Cognitive testing included standardized measures of immediate and incidental memory as well as executive functioning. Results reflected that EO participants demonstrated better preservation of executive functioning, incidental memory, and immediate memory functions into late adulthood over their EC counterparts. Furthermore, although both personality groups eventually displayed cognitive decline into their late 70’s and 80’s, EC personalities displayed steeper rates of decline (i.e. slope gradients) at younger ages. These findings mirror prior longitudinal and cross-sectional studies which employed a variety of different cognitive measures across varying testing ages and lend support to the notion that personality differences may account for preserved differentiation and differential preservation of neurocognition among non-demented persons. These findings suggest that personality traits which promote active and novel sensory engagement may necessarily stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis in older adults through the formation of new neuronal pathways. Understanding and recognizing these individual differences in critical areas of cognitive processing may prove essential to improving the functional capacities and quality of life for older persons.
Unveiling the Dynamics of Epileptic Seizures Through Nonlinear EEG Analysis
Epileptic seizures are sudden disruptions in brain activity that can have life-threatening consequences due to their unpredictable nature. Analyzing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals using nonlinear methods offers valuable insights into the brain’s behavior during different seizure phases: interictal (between seizures), preictal (preceding a seizure), and ictal (during a seizure). This study analyses the nonlinear characteristics of EEG signals collected from 10 epileptic patients. We investigate their dynamical differences as the seizure progresses through the interictal, preictal and ictal stages using nonlinear measures such as Hurst exponent, Lyapunov exponent, Sample entropy and Higuchi Fractal Dimension. Furthermore, the characteristics of the EEG signals are visualized by the Phase space portrait, Power spectral density, Recurrence Plot and quantified by means of Recurrence Quantification Analysis measures such as Determinism (DET), Average diagonal length (????????????????) and Recurrence Time Entropy (RTE). The results show that ictal EEG signals have lower values for entropy and fractal dimension than their interictal and preictal EEG signals, indicating the reduced complexity in the brain during the onset of the seizure. Similarly, the Hurst exponent was found to be greater than 0.5 for all three stages, with a rising trend in values as the brain passes from the interictal to the ictal stages. This demonstrates the persistent behavior and greater predictability of EEG signals in epileptic patients. The Lyapunov exponent revealed the existence of chaos in the brain. The long diagonal structures characterizing periodic behavior of the seizure EEG signals were identified from the Recurrence plot. We observed that the seizure EEG signals have high values for DET and ???????????????? and low values for RTE compared to interictal and preictal EEG signals, indicating that the seizure EEG signals were highly deterministic, recurrent and less complex. The phase portrait and the spectral analysis also justify these observations. As a result, this study suggests that during these three stages, the underlying dynamics of the epileptic brain is not only a chaotic complex dynamical system, but it is also highly deterministic in the sense that prediction of seizure activity is possible in the short term. These findings shed light on the insights into the dynamics of brain activity and may serve as a theoretical foundation for further research on the clinical diagnosis and for developing empirical models that will aid in better prediction of seizures in patients with epilepsy.
The Wonders of RAG: Streamlining Knowledge with Advanced Techniques Systematic Literature Review Report
The Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework enhances Large Language Model (LLM) performance by incorporating external knowledge through information retrieval, addressing inherent limitations in standard LLMs. RAG forces fine-tuning based on relevance, to improve Open Domain Question Answering and dynamically updates external data during model training, specifically within Dense Passage Retrieval (DPR) models. This approach facilitates up to date dialogue generation, personalizes responses with external sources, and employs metrics to evaluate both sources and answers. While RAG offers large benefits in reducing hallucinations and improving answer quality, challenges remain. The quality of external data directly influences response accuracy, and hallucinations can persist due to insufficient input information or evaluation metrics. Future research should prioritize enhancing data integration, refining query prompts, developing real-time correction mechanisms, and adapting RAG for specific domains to fully realize its potential. Purpose The aim of this report is to explore and analyze the advanced framework known as Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). This framework significantly enhances the abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge to refine answers and generate optimal responses.
Acute Guillain-Barré Syndrome (AIDP Variant) Triggered by Enteropathogenic E. coli in a 28-Year-Old Male with Ulcerative Colitis: A Rare Case Report
This case report discusses the development of acute Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), specifically the acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) variant, in a 28-year-old male with a known history of ulcerative colitis. Following a gastrointestinal infection with enteropathogenic E. coli, the patient experienced rapidly progressive neurological deficits requiring ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. Early initiation of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) led to significant improvement in his clinical condition. This report highlights the potential infectious triggers of GBS in individuals with underlying inflammatory conditions like ulcerative colitis.
Biophoton Therapy Enhances Endogenous Stem-Cell Production: A Non-Invasive Approach to Regenerative Medicine
Background Endogenous stem-cell mobilization represents a promising alternative to transplanted stem-cell therapies, which are limited by poor survival, immune incompatibility, and procedural risks. Biophotons, ultra-weak, non-thermal photons generated by biological systems have been increasingly implicated in mitochondrial regulation, redox signaling, and cellular repair. Whether controlled biophoton exposure can safely stimulate endogenous stem-cell production in humans has not been previously tested in a randomized clinical setting. Objective To evaluate whether a non-invasive, non-thermal biophoton generator can increase circulating stem/progenitor cell counts and improve functional health outcomes in adults. Methods In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial (FIAM-SC255; NCT06855459), 71 adults underwent 14 days of nighttime exposure to either an active Tesla BioHealing® biophoton generator or a visually identical placebo. Circulating CD34⁺, CD133⁺, and CD34⁺CD133⁺ stem/progenitor cells were quantified by flow cytometry at baseline and follow-up. Quality-of-life (SF-36) and Pain Disability Index (PDI) scores were assessed concurrently. After the blinded phase, placebo participants crossed over to active treatment. Safety monitoring occurred throughout. Results Active biophoton exposure produced significant increases in circulating stem/progenitor cells compared with baseline and placebo, including a 2.7-fold rise in CD34⁺, 3.5-fold rise in CD133⁺ (leukocyte population), and 3.1-fold rise in CD34⁺CD133⁺ cells (all p < 0.01). No significant changes were observed during placebo exposure. SF-36 scores improved by 16–30% following active treatment (p < 0.05), and PDI scores decreased by an average of 7.35 points (p < 0.00001). Improvements replicated in the crossover cohort. No adverse events occurred. Conclusion Non-thermal biophoton therapy safely and robustly enhances endogenous stem-cell mobilization while simultaneously improving pain-related function and overall quality of life. The magnitude of stem-cell elevation is comparable to levels typically achieved through exogenous stem-cell infusion—yet without invasive procedures or safety risks. These findings support biophoton therapy as a clinically meaningful, non-invasive regenerative modality with potential relevance to neurological, metabolic, and age-related conditions.
Philosophy in Practice - Beyond Ego Boundaries: The Experienceof Quality
This study explores the role of practical philosophy in understanding and experiencing value, focusing on three fundamental elements: truth, goodness, and beauty. Through a phenomenological and existential perspective, the author examines how these concepts shape thought, ethics, and aesthetics, emphasizing their ineffable nature and historical evolution. The analysis considers how the perception of beauty has transformed over time, shifting from classical ideals to a modern search for meaning rather than form. Goodness is discussed in relation to ethics, not as a fixed system of rules but as a lived and contextualized experience. Truth, in turn, is distinguished from rationality and interpreted as a creative process in which logic serves as a tool to explore possibilities and construct meaning. Furthermore, the study draws parallels between philosophy and existential psychotherapy, demonstrating how both disciplines co-construct narratives that enhance the quality of life. Using examples from art, literature, and therapeutic practice, it highlights the significance of experience in defining the core concepts of human existence.
Indications for the Use of Vitamin D in Everyday Life Clinical Practice in Individuals with Cerebral Palsy
There is currently an increasing demand for chronic inflammation to be recognized as a comorbidity in cerebral palsy (CP). A broad immunomodulatory and anti- inflammatory strategy in therapy management should be introduced into daily care. Vitamin D status is increasingly recognized as an important aspect, as the steroid hormone is attributed to a complex physiological function. In summary, by 2024 there will be sufficient pathoimmunological evidence that children with CP will benefit significantly from daily high- dose vitamin D supplementation throughout their lives. The reduction of chronic inflammation in the CNS, positive effects on the skeletal and muscular system, prevention and therapeutic support of infections are the target for the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (calcitriol). In particular, quality of life is increased by improving reduced muscle performance and reducing the potential risk of falls. Children with PC are prone to hypovitaminosis D and about half of the children had a vitamin D deficiency. If the Endocrine Society empirically recommends vitamin D supplementation for healthy children and adolescents aged 1 to 18 years to prevent disease , this treatment option should be used because of cytokine dysregulation in CP with poorer neurological development . Proactive therapy with vitamin D supplementation is equally important in women who want to have children, primarily to reduce the risk of CP.
Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Spondylodiscitis Treated at the Hospital Da Restauracao
Introduction: Spondylodiscitis is a global term that includes vertebral osteomyelitis, spondylitis and discitis, representing approximately 3 to 5% of all cases of osteomyelitis. It occurs in around 0.5 to 2.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year, with men being more affected. It has a bimodal peak incidence, the first peak up to 20 years and the second between 50 and 70 years. Most cases have an indication for non-surgical treatment, so surgery is reserved for specific cases. Objective: To analyze the epidemiology of the population affected by spondylodiscitis and assess the response to surgical treatment. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in a tertiary center in Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil, investigating spondylodiscitis in all patients with back pain without a history of trauma or neurological deficit without a diagnosis of degenerative spine disease. The diagnosis of spondylodiscitis was confirmed in all cases with magnetic resonance imaging. The study period was two years. Results: During the study period, we diagnosed 31 patients with spondylodiscitis, 58% were male, the mean age was 64.9 years, the main comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension, dialysis renal failure and diabetes, previous non-neurological surgeries (Caesarean births, permanent vascular catheter for dialysis, cardiac surgery on the iac etc.) were identified as a risk factor, 58% of patients have motor weakness and L4-L5 were the most frequent level affected. Antibiotic therapy was used in accordance with current guidelines. Conclusion: The clinical profile of our patients was 6 decades of life, male patients with neurological disabilities, clinical management has favorable results.
Aparecida Aylara Isabella Souza Goncalves
The use of acupuncture for neurological disorders and pain management is increasing annually. Patients often seek alternative therapies due to the lack of improvement with conventional treatments and the potential side effects of pharmaceutical interventions. This case study describes the assessment and treatment of a patient presenting with migraines, exploring possible differential diagnoses. It demonstrates the clinical reasoning process of applying Chinese medicine knowledge and experience to diagnose and treat the patient. A treatment protocol is provided, which resulted in positive patient outcomes.
Neuroscience and New Research Perspectives on Violence as a Risk Factor in Pregnancy
Domestic violence against women during pregnancy can also have a significant impact on the brain development of the unborn child and a neuro-psychopostural alteration. Hiscox et al. These changes could also partly explain the development of neurodevelopmental disorders and other psychiatric pathologies by recalling delinquent behaviors (such as pathological addictions) and criminological, degenerating the functioning of the “Locus Coeruleus, a brain nucleus involved, when dysfunctional in neurodegenerative diseases, in the control of the limbic system”. It is therefore important to act through a multidisciplinary scientific and social and integrated approach such as TRANSCRANIC MAGNETIC STIMULATION that can include different perspectives of analysis, to work on the neurophysiological-psychological causes of the individual.
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Factors Affecting the Psychological Well-Being of Caregivers of Dementia Patients: A Thematic Review
Background: Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that requires extensive caregiving, often leading to significant psychological distress among caregivers. Understanding the factors affecting the well-being of caregivers is essential for developing effective support strategies. Aim: This thematic review explores the key factors that influence the psychological well-being of caregivers of dementia patients. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using 45 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2024. The studies were sourced from PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus, using keywords such as dementia caregivers, psychological well-being, and caregiver burden. Data were analyzed and grouped into four thematic domains: psychosocial, emotional, physical, and environmental factors. Results: This thematic review explores factors affecting the psychological well-being of dementia caregivers. Key influences include age, gender, marital status, educational level, and social support. The review highlights the importance of tailored interventions, such as respite care and caregiver education, to alleviate caregiver stress and improve mental health outcomes. Conclusion: The review emphasizes the multifaceted nature of caregiver distress. Targeted interventions, including caregiver education, support networks, and respite care, are critical to alleviating caregiver burden and improving well-being. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and culturally tailored interventions to better address the unique challenges faced by dementia caregivers.