Journal of Otolaryngology Research & Reports
Journal of Otolaryngology Research & Reports is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC), which publishes articles in the form of written, Video and Power Point Presentations from the arena of Otolaryngology Research & Reports. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of Research, Review, Case Reports, Analysis, Magazines, Editorials, Opinion, Communications, Mini-Review, Short Communications, Picturized, Book Review, Video Type and Power Point Presentations (PPTS). Articles can be submitted through from http://www.onlinescientificsresearch.com/submit-online.php or can send through an e-mail with attachment for otolaryngology@onlinescientificresearch.info or jolrr@onlinescientificresearch.net
CSF Rhinorrhea – A Rivulet from the Skull Base – Otolaryngologist’s Perspective in Endoscopic Repair – Role of Tissue Glue in ‘Titanic Trickles
Introduction: Endonasal endoscopic CSF leak repair has now become the primary modality of management for patients with CSF rhinorrhea. The aim of this article is to emphasise on the factors responsible for the success of the surgery and the advantages of using fibrin/tissue glue in closure CSF leak defects. Materials & Methods: A retrospective study was done on a group of 10 patients diagnosed with CSF rhinorrhea who have been surgically managed with endonasal endoscopic multilayered CSF leak repair with the help of tissue glue (fibrin glue/sealant). All 10 patients were reviewed regularly postoperatively over a period of 1 year, in order to assess the success in closure of the defect and to assess the recurrence rate in case of failed closure. Results: Out of 10 patients, 7 had CSF leakage from left nasal cavity, 2 from right nasal cavity, 1 from both nasal cavities. 90 % of the study population was female, 10 % male. Among the 10 patients, 7 had spontaneous CSF leaks (1 associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension) and 3 were post traumatic. Multilayered leak repair approach was utilized in all the cases which significantly reduces the chances of recurrences and fibrin glue expresses adhesive sealant property that is one of the most important factors contributing to the success of surgery, especially in cases with leaks associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Conclusion: Multilayered closure involving 3 or more layers and the usage of fibrin glue proves to be an excellent augmentative adhesive sealant especially in cases with multiple sites of leak and/or in spontaneous leak with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
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Different Graft Materials used in Middle Ear Reconstruction
Middle ear reconstruction is a surgical intervention employed to reinstate auditory function in individuals experiencing conductive hearing loss. Several different graft materials have been used to fix holes in the tympanic membrane, such as temporalis fascia, cartilage, perichondrium, periosteum, vein, fat, and skin. This study compares the effectiveness of these graft materials in achieving successful hearing outcomes. The results show that cartilage grafts offer improved durability and resistance to reabsorption, while temporalis fascia grafts have lower-dimensional stability. Palisade cartilage and cartilage island techniques enhance graft strength but may compromise hearing restoration. The success of graft depends on factors such as patient smoking habits, perforation size and location, surgeon expertise, and middle ear mucosa status. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of graft materials in middle ear reconstruction, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each material to inform surgical decision-making
Multimodal Therapeutic Effects of Sound Masking Combined with Electromagnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Tinnitus
Tinnitus is defined as the perception of a sound in the absence of an external source that generated it [1]. It is usually described by those who experience it as a hissing, buzzing, beeping, ringing sound, or a sound synchronous with the heartbeat [2].
The Covid Crisis: Return of Fear and Uncertainty
Covid-19 is the news once again making headlines and announcing its comeback. It has had a profound impact since its December 2019 emergence in Wuhan, China. The 2019 outbreak was a turning point affecting nearly every country with varying degrees of severity, has led to significant worldwide mortality and morbidity, causing millions of deaths and long lasting health complications for many. The rapid spread worldwide, led to the World Health Organization calling it a “global pandemic” on March 11, 2020. Covid-19 is a viral zoonotic disease which spreads from animals-to-humans and humansto-humans. It is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Covid-19 is an enveloped, positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that attaches to the host cell through its spike protein that facilitates entry into the host cell via the ACE2 receptors. The virus primarily spreads through respiratory droplets of an infected person when coughing, sneezing or talking. Asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals can also spread the disease. Covid-19 has caused major social, economic, business and lifestyle disruptions. Covid-19 symptoms range from mild to severe and appear between 2-14 days after exposure. The most common symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, muscle or body aches, loss of taste or smell, headache, nausea or vomiting and diarrhea. In more severe cases, it can cause pneumonia, ARDS, organ failure and even death. Covid-19 diagnosis is mainly done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - the gold standard of testing. Histologically, Covid-19 is responsible for many changes to the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver and GI tract. Symptoms lasting beyond the primary infection (“long-covid”) have shown to have a significant impact on an individual’s daily life. There are several factors that increase the risk of infection - individuals who are over 60 are at a higher risk versus younger individuals. Individuals with comorbidities, those who are immunocompromised, those who smoke, use alcohol, lack exercise or are unvaccinated have a higher risk of infection. Infected individuals with underlying health conditions can experience a host of complications such as mild to severe organ impairment (heart, liver, kidney, brain), diabetes, dementia, neurological, GI, hematological or muscular pain. The risk also increases for individuals who are lower on the socio-economic spectrum. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the use of vaccines, masks, social distancing, hygiene protocols, quarantine and isolation to reduce the transmission risk, prevent hospitalization, severe illness or death. The advent of highly efficacious vaccines using novel mRNA technology has seen the effects of the disease wane. Covid-19 infection rates are slowing and the pandemic is giving way to an endemic. However, one question remains - how well prepared are we for the next major outbreak?
The Strange Case of the Traveling Munchausen’s Earring: A Swallowed Foreign Body that Wasn’t
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (FDIA), formerly called Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy, is a disorder characterized by the falsification of symptoms of illness and diagnostic testing by a perpetrator in another individual to satisfy a psychological need of the perpetrator. This case report describes the clinical course of a 14-month-old female who presented with a purported swallowed foreign body who was eventually found to be a victim of FDIA following multiple presentations to the emergency department and extensive diagnostic workup. This manuscript aims to shed light on the complexity and potential harm that FDIA can cause patients as well as the burden on the healthcare system and to discuss the challenges in diagnosing FDIA in pediatric patients.
Fungal Malignant Otitis Externa: About Two Cases
Malignant Otitis Externa (MOE) is a rare but serious infection of the external auditory canal that can extend to the skull base potentially leading to osteomyelitis and severe neurological complications. MOE occurs more frequently in older adults with diabetes mellitus and in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV or cancer. The disease typically presents with symptoms such as severe otalgia, hearing loss, and purulent otorrhea. While MOE has traditionally been caused by bacterial infections, most commonly Pseudomonas aeruginosa there is an increasing incidence of fungal pathogens, which complicates both diagnosis and treatment. This condition is considered a medical emergency due to its potential for high morbidity and mortality, particularly when the infection involves cranial nerves or spreads to intracranial structures. Contributing factors to increased susceptibility in diabetic patients include poor tissue perfusion, immune dysfunction, and altered conditions within the external auditory canal.
Study of Pelvic Bone Characteristics in Young Female Wrestling Athletes
The article presents research data on characteristics of the formation and structure of the pelvic bone from a group of young women athletes engaged in wrestling. Also shows several features associated anatomical and morphological parameters, and a number of index values and their pathological changes. According to the results of the study highlighted the existing violations of the structure and functionality. The above analysis of the survey data, presented the conclusions. Aim of the Article: The aim of the work is to study changes in the formation and structure of the bony pelvis and the anatomical values and morphological indicators associated with it in young female athletes engaged in freestyle wrestling. Research Hypothesis: During the preparation for this study, its author put forward a working hypothesis that young female athletes who have been intensively and long-term involved in martial arts may have a number of anthropometric, pelvimetric, and morpho-functional changes, such as, in particular, an anatomically narrow pelvis, the first and possibly second degree of narrowing of the bony pelvis, and even other disorders such as maturation of the pelvic bones and, possibly, even pathological forms of the pelvis. Method and Materials of the Study: The following methods were used in this study: anthropometry, pelviometry, index method, interview method, and mathematical statistics method. For statistical processing of the obtained data, the applied software package “Statistika 7.0” was used, using Student’s t-test. Data corresponding to the accuracy level of p<0.05 were considered reliable. The study was conducted at the training and sports complex “Gart” in Novaya Kakhovka, Kherson region, Ukraine. The study involved 16 female athletes of puberty and adolescence. Age categories: schoolchildren - 1 (6.25%), cadets - 8 (50.0%), juniors - 10 (62.5%). The average age of the athletes (n=16) was 16.74±0.31 years. 12 (75.0%) have been practicing freestyle wrestling for 6-8 years, the remaining 4 have been practicing it for 3-5 years. The number of training sessions is up to 5-6 per week, their duration is from 2 to 4 hours. The girls have the following sports qualifications: MS – 1 (champion of Ukraine among juniors in the weight category up to 48 kg), CMS – 1 (champion of Ukraine among juniors in the weight category up to 53 kg), 1st category – for 14 young female athletes.
Advancements in Adenoid Removal: Evaluating the Efficacy and Outcomes of Endoscopic-Assisted Coblation Adenoidectomy
Background: With the goal of enhancing accuracy and results in pediatric patients, endoscopic-assisted coblation adenoidectomy is an innovative method for removing adenoid tissue. Though successful, traditional adenoidectomy methods may come with varying degrees of healing and complications after the procedure. Objective: The effectiveness, safety, and clinical results of endoscopically assisted coblation adenoidectomy are assessed in this study. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study on patients undergoing coblation adenoidectomy with endoscopic assistance. Important parameters included length of surgery, problems during surgery, pain after surgery, time to recovery, and rates of adenoid regrowth. With an emphasis on both quantitative measurements and patient-reported outcomes, data were gathered from medical records and patient surveys. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in both intraoperative blood loss and operating time with the endoscopic-assisted coblation approach. Following surgery, patients reported less pain and a quicker return to their regular activities. The rates of complications, such as bleeding and infection, were quite low. The technique for radiofrequency ablation of adenoid tissue with a coblator is described in this publication. Creating a bloodless field, precisely removing tissue, and causing minimal harm to neighbouring tissues are its main benefits. Conclusion: An efficient and workable substitute for traditional adenoidectomy methods is endoscopic-assisted coblation adenoidectomy. It is a good alternative for both adult and pediatric patients because of its benefits, which include shorter operating times, less bleeding, and better recuperation after surgery. Additional extended research is necessary to validate these results and evaluate the longevity of the effects
The Interdisciplinary Approach to Orofacial Pain: Bridging Dentistry and Otolaryngology
Background: Orofacial pain encompasses a broad range of conditions involving neural, musculoskeletal, and inflammatory components. It often requires multidisciplinary collaboration due to the complex anatomical and physiological overlap between dentistry and otolaryngology. Objective: This article examines the interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of orofacial pain, highlighting the scientific basis for collaboration and technological advancements. Methods: A systematic review of literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases (2018-2024) was conducted to analyze the etiologies, diagnostic advancements, and management strategies for orofacial pain. Results: Orofacial pain is frequently misdiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms across dental and ENT domains. Interdisciplinary collaboration facilitates comprehensive evaluations, precise diagnostics, and personalized treatment protocols. Emerging technologies like AI and telemedicine are pivotal in advancing care. Conclusion: Integration of dentistry and otolaryngology is essential for the effective management of orofacial pain. Collaborative approaches improve patient outcomes, enhance diagnostic precision, and foster innovative research opportunities.
Factors Influencing Academic Performance: Insights from Nursing Students
This study provides an in-depth overview of the factors influencing academic performance and highlights the importance of developing effective study habits, as well as academic and family support, to improve student outcomes in higher education institutions. In this context, the term “study habit” encompasses a range of behaviors and strategies that students employ during the learning process, which contribute to achieving better academic results. The study was conducted with a sample of 781 students from “Aleksandër Xhuvani” University in Elbasan and aimed to identify the factors affecting academic performance, focusing primarily on study habits and methods. The main objectives of the project were: • Identifying learning habits and behaviors, • Evaluating the impact of study habits on academic performance, • Determining the relationship between study habits and methods, and • Analyzing the influence of familiar, academic, and individual factors on students’ academic performance. This analysis is developed across two main dimensions. First, it examines students’ perceptions of the impact of familiar, academic, and personal factors on their performance. Second, it further analyzes the purpose of evaluating academic performance influenced by the same factors, but this the study provides a dual-dimensional time not based on perception. Instead, it utilizes an approximation through a quantitative variable as an indicator of academic performance, such as the Grade Point Average (GPA). approach to understanding factors influencing academic performance at “Aleksandër Xhuvani” University. The perceptions of students in Chapter 3 align closely with the statistical findings in Chapter 4, reinforcing the vital role of familiar support in shaping academic outcomes. The emotional and financial support from parents positively influence the academic achievements. Also, the results of the study indicate that academic factors, particularly support from lecturers and the quality of teaching, have the most significant impact on students’ academic performance. There is also strong alignment between perceived and actual impacts of academic support on performance. This underscores the need for universities to prioritize academic resource availability and faculty engagement to improve student outcomes. While students perceive stress as a detriment to academic performance, the objective findings in chapter 4 suggest that some personal challenges might drive students to adapt and succeed. Stress management programs could help balance these effects. Socio-demographic factors play a nuanced role in academic success. The objective analysis in chapter 4 validates many of the perceived challenges, particularly the influence of living conditions and age. Perceptions of gender differences in Chapter 3 are partially validated by Chapter 4. Tailored academic and psychological support strategies might help address stress-related disparities among female students. Technology, although it can provide support for students, has a more limited impact compared to other factors. On the other hand, time management was identified as a key personal factor closely linked to academic performance.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies play a significant role and significantly impact various sectors, including healthcare, engineering, sciences, and smart cities. AI has the potential to improve the quality of patient care and treatment outcomes while minimizing the risk of human error. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the dental industry, just as it is revolutionizing other sectors. It is used in dentistry to diagnose dental diseases and provide treatment recommendations. Dental professionals are increasingly relying on AI technology to assist in diagnosis, clinical decision-making, treatment planning, and prognosis prediction across ten dental specialties. One of the most significant advantages of AI in dentistry is its ability to analyze vast amounts of data quickly and accurately, providing dental professionals with valuable insights to enhance their decision-making processes. The purpose of this paper is to identify the advancement of artificial intelligence algorithms that have been frequently used in dentistry and assess how well they perform in terms of diagnosis, clinical decision-making, treatment, and prognosis prediction in ten dental specialties; dental public health, endodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine and pathology, oral & maxillofacial radiology, orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, pediatric dentistry, periodontics, prosthodontics, and digital dentistry in general.
Assessment for Quality of Life for Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: Studying the quality of life (QoL) for patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is crucial as it provides insights into their well-being, treatment effectiveness, and healthcare needs. Understanding factors affecting QoL can lead to improved patient care and interventions tailored to enhance their overall quality of life. Objective: To examine the QoL of patients with CKD in Saudi Arabia. Method: An online survey study was conducted between December 2023 and March 2024 to collect data from CKD patients. The survey was distributed through various social media websites, targeting individuals diagnosed with CKD. Participants were asked about their demographics, CKD diagnosis, treatment, and various aspects of their quality of life. The survey aimed to gather insights into the factors influencing QoL among CKD patients. Results: A total of 302 patients participated in this study. The majority of patients with CKD rated their life in general as “Good” (63.6%). Regarding enjoyment of life, most patients reported an “Average degree” (58.3%). The aspects of life with the highest negative impact on patients with CKD are daily activities (65.9%), work or study (60.9%), and psychological condition and balance (60.9%). Aspects that were more severely affected among patients with CKD are hypertension (27.2% severe), edema (20.9% severe), and shortness of breath (8.9% severe). Conclusion: The study highlights the significant impact of CKD on patients’ quality of life. Recommendations include tailored interventions to address the negative impact on daily activities, work or study, and psychological well-being. Healthcare providers should pay particular attention to managing hypertension, edema, and shortness of breath, which were identified as severely affecting patients.
Breast Cancer in Men: An Overview of General Features and Molecular Pathology
Breast cancer is often synonymous with women - but men get it as well. Male Breast Cancer (MBC) is a rare health condition which makes up approximately 1% of all breast cancer cases. MBC is characterized by the development of uncontrolled malignant cells in the breast tissue. It occurs mostly in elderly men, 65-70 years old, but it can occur at a younger age also. MBC incident rates are higher in the United State and Europe as compared to Asian and African nations. In the United States however, African Americans are at higher risk as compared to the general population. The etiology and risk factors of MBC involve a complex multifactorial interplay of hormonal imbalance (eg. estrogen), family history, lifestyle, obesity and genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Signs and symptoms include a painless lump in the chest area, discharge or bleeding from the nipple and skin color changes in the nipple. The diagnosis of MBC is similar to Women’s Breast Cancer (WBC); which involves a combination of physical examination, mammogram, ultrasound and biopsy. The histology of MBC is similar as well - mostly being invasive ductal carcinoma with hormonal receptors (estrogen receptors being predominant). The treatment of MBC involves a combination of the removal of breast tissue, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapies. These treatment protocols are given depending on the type, status and stage of the tumor. MBC can cause significant mortality and morbidity due to old age and late diagnosis. Its impact on the affected individual, their family and society is profound. A 5-year survival of MBC is approximately 85% but can vary significantly with diagnostic stage. Although rare, MBC requires awareness, early detection and diagnosis. Considerable advancements have yet to be made in research, clinical trials, early detection and treatment for improving outcomes.
Assessment of Mental Health, Post-COVID 19 Period, in the 15-24Age Group
Childhood is a vulnerable stage of life which emphasizes the importance of psychological interventions for children in crisis situations to prevent the development of mental health problems. The mental health problems that some authors have warned about may not be immediately apparent but may take time to unfold. This Study Aimed: to assess of mental health in the post-Covid 19 period in the 15-24 age group. Methods: This descriptive cohort study which identified mental health problems in the 15-24 age group. The study period was 1 year divided into quarters. Data were collected using a specific survey by specialists surveying 1084 students. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. The Results Showed: a low level of parents (primary school); High level of parental unemployment (low economic level); 49% of individuals presented that they were almost never worried by the pandemic situation; in 39.1% of them they were very worried because they could not protect their relatives from infection; 34.1% of the interviewees were very concerned about the fact that our health system could not offer them a good service. Results: are reported using descriptive statistics with absolute counts and percentages. A chi-square test was used to establish associations between age- group with the fact that they could not protect their relatives from the virus, the good feeling when the vaccine against COVID-19 was discovered and approved, and the readiness to be vaccinated. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0 statistical package. Conclusion: This study provides an overview of the impact mechanisms during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic on child and adolescent mental health along with a comprehensive overview of screening and prevention tools and interventions. We emphasize the necessary attention to children and adolescents and proactive action to develop comprehensive and credible program plans so that the mental health risks of COVID-19 to children and adolescents can be mitigated in a timely manner.
Treatment Responses of Pakistani Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Treated with Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Objective: To investigate the response of nasopharyngeal cancer patients to induction chemotherapy, followed by concurrent chemoradiation, in our patient population. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study Place and Duration: Institute of nucleal medicine and oncology Lahore (INMOL) and Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Rawalpindi over a period of 5 months (Between Aug 2023 to Dec 2023) on patients treated between January 2015 to Dec 2019 (5 years). Methodology: A total of 125 patients of proven nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas were treated with 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with weekly cisplatin to 70 Gy in 35 daily fractions over 7 weeks. Response was evaluated at 4-6 weeks of treatment completion by RECIST 1.1 criteria. Results: Male to female ratio was 3.46:1. Mean age of the patients was 37.3 years. Majority of the patients had stage III, IVA and IVB being 36.0%, 36.0% and 20.8% respectively. Grade III (n=79, 63.2%) was commonly observed grade. There was complete response (CR) in 51.2% while 30.4% showed partial response (PR). Stable and progressive disease was observed in 8.0% and 10.4% patients respectively. A CR of 100% in stage I, 57.1% in stage II, 82.2% in stage III and 46.7% in stage IV patients. Gender wise treatment response was 53.6% CR in males and 42.9% in females (p= 0.691). Conclusion: Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation has good response rates, and can be used as treatment of choice for definitive management of advanced nasopharyngeal cancer patients
Improvement of Patients with Long COVID 19
Introduction: The term “long-term Covid” is commonly used to describe signs and symptoms that persist or develop after acute Covid-19. Recovery time for these patients may vary depending on other comorbidities and the severity of the disease, severely ill patients are more likely to have a longer course than those with mild or moderate disease. Objective: The purpose of the study is the management of patients with post-Covid-19 complications, with the aim of early treatment of these complications, so that patients can return to their previous lives. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study. Data were collected from the medical records of 60 patients hospitalized in “Shefqet Ndroqi” hospital, Tirana, in the internal pathology ward, where post-Covid 19 patients are treated, were reviewed. Their demographic, clinical, physiological, laboratory and imaging data were collected. These patients were followed in the period, March 2022-June 2022. Results: From the 60 patients who were clinically followed for 10 weeks, it was found that at the end of the 10th week, 25.6% of the patients had a significant improvement, 64% of the patients had a slight improvement, and 10.4% of these patients had no improvement. no improvement, compared to their previous condition. Conclusion: The elderly and those with severe symptoms during the acute phase are at greater risk of moderate and severe sequelae, which require multidisciplinary management, according to the patient’s condition.
Cervical Adenopathy in Children: A Rational use of Investigations/Resources
It is not unusual to see a child with enlarged neck nodes and such nodes are very common in otherwise normal children. While the majority are benign and self-limiting (in acute enlargement) there is often a lingering concern that this a symptom of an underlying serious condition and that referral, investigation and perhaps biopsy or FNAC (fine needle aspiration cytology) are warranted. This is especially the case when parental anxiety cannot be assuaged or there is worry over litigation. This paper aims to present a rational management plan for a child with cervical adenopathy and to suggest guidelines as to when to observe, when to investigate and or to refer such patients. It is useful to have a systematic and structured approach to this common problem, not only to provide diagnostic accuracy but also to recognize certain red flags that should prompt investigation, treatment and referral. In so doing this paper hopes to encourage rational use of resources in this clinical setting.
Exploring The Link Between Autism and Ear Infections: Behavioral Symptoms
New research shows a strong link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ear infections. Children with autism get ear infections more often than their neurotypical peers. This connection makes us wonder how these infections affect the behavior and development of children with autism. Healthcare providers, parents, and researchers who support children on the autism spectrum need to understand this relationship well.
ENT Manifestations of COVID-19 in a Dedicated Covid Hospital: Prospective Observational Study
Background: The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is global challenge to public health. The study investigates all possible manifestations and their prevalence pertaining to ENT in COVID-19 in our cohort. Methodology: Admitted laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 positive patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be randomly selected for a cross-sectional observational study. On the day of admission, various ENT symptoms are assessed and patients were prospectively studied by detailed ENT examination by using specific and measurable parameters like smell and taste sensation, vertigo, swallowing, voice, and hearing, using scoring scales. The patients were followed up on day 1, 3 and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Results: There were 308 number of patients, 211(68.5%) were of male gender while 97(31.5%) number of patients were of female gender. In our cohort 256(83.1%) patients were of mild severity and 52(16.9%) patients were of moderate severity of COVID 19. 269(87.34%) patients had ENT manifestations and 39 (12.66%) had non-ENT manifestations. Most of these patients are having occult ENT manifestations, 263(97.77%). Association of ENT manifestations with COVID 19 severity is significant with a p value of 0.001. Greater the COVID 19 severity, greater was the ENT manifestations except for sore throat and vertigo. The prevalence of loss of taste is 250 (81.97%) is higher comparing to other occult symptoms. A colour coded check list has been proposed considering the COVID 19 severity and frequency of ENT manifestation. Conclusion: Based on our study results, it implies that the overall prevalence of ENT manifestations in COVID 19 in our cohort is very high upwards of 87.3 % (269 patients in 308) and most of these patients are having occult ENT manifestations 263(97.77%) where in the patients themselves have not come with these chief complaints but on detailed enquiry and examination these manifestations have been detected. Hence it is prudent to include these symptoms in routine history taking and examination screening in fever clinic and at triage sites for early detection and appropriate COVID 19 directed treatments. The frequency of ENT manifestations in order of occurrence in mild COVID 19 cases were loss of taste 207(80.86%), loss of smell 142(55.47%), change of voice 32(12.50%), vertigo 17(6.64%), hearing deficit 1 (0.39%). The frequency of ENT manifestations in order of occurrence in moderate COVID 19 cases were loss of taste 46(88.46%), loss of smell 36(69.23%), swallowing difficulty 18(34.62%), hearing deficit 9(17.3%), change of voice 7(13.46%), vertigo 5(9.62%).(Clinical Trials Registry India number: CTRI/2020/10/028362)
Salivary Glands Carcinosarcoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Materials and Methods: Systematic research was made on PubMed and academic google baselines, we use the next.
Application of Various High-Frequency Ventilation Techniques during Surgical Procedures on the Larynx and Trachea
Surgical procedures on the larynx and in the trachea pose a special problem for the surgeon and the anaesthetist. Both require access to the larynx. Different ventilation techniques have therefore been developed for a long time to provide the surgeon with optimal working conditions and the anaesthetist with the possibility of safe ventilation. Techniques that could apply the ventilation gas via a nozzle have been established. Special catheters or jet needles were developed for this purpose.A new generation of ventilators was then developed that could simultaneously apply two gas flows with different frequencies. The transcricoid approach thus offers the surgeon optimum conditions with no movement of the vocal cords
An Abnormal Case of Rhabdomyosarcoma Miming Adenoid Tonsils
Adenoid tonsils are a usual situation in the pediatric population. Their size is the only factor that leads to their surgery. The diagnostic is principally based on clinical symptoms and the endoscopic examination of the cavum. We usually don’t need a histopathological evaluation due to the frequency of the situation and also its benignity. The biopsy is needed especially when the evolution is unusual, or abnormal symptoms such as epistaxis or an irregular aspect in the endoscopic evaluation. Our case is about a 3 years old little girl who underwent an adenoidectomy, and 2 months later she developed a malignant tumor in the surgical site.
Cystadenoma of the Tongue: A Case Report
Cystadenoma is a rare benign salivary gland neoplasm characterized by a predominantly multicystic growth pattern. The parotid gland is involved in about 45–50% of cystadenoma cases, with the minor glands of the lip and buccal mucosa being the next most common sites. The tongue is rarely involved. We report the case of a 56 year-old patient who presented a cystadenoma of the base of the tongue.
Cancer is one of the most feared and devastating diseases affecting mankind. Radiation is recognized as one of the agents causing cancer via a complex and multi-step process. Radiation Therapy is a highly effective, non-invasive and well established treatment for many types of cancers. The three different methods by which radiation is delivered are External Beam Radiation, Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) and Systemic Radiation. The choice of therapy depends on the type, stage, location, size of the tumor and the general health of the patient. All these modes of therapy are the primary mechanisms that seek to kill cancer cells by destroying their cell DNA. Radiation Therapy offers several benefits pertaining to cancer treatment; it shrinks or destroys tumors before and after surgery while minimizing damage to nearby healthy tissue. It alleviates symptoms, improves quality of life, while reducing metastasis, recurrence and early stage cancer. Although Radiation Therapy has saved thousands of lives, it is not free from stigma. Some side effects of Radiation Therapy are nausea, fatigue, and vomiting. It may be used in non-cancerous conditions such as benign tumors as well. Although great progress has been made in Radiation Therapy, there is still room for improvement. Radiation Therapy is most effective when combined with Surgery, Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. Additionally, a new school of thought has emerged in the use of Antioxidants during and after Radiation Therapy. Most recently, a focus on the bi-modal approach of using Radiation Therapy and Immunotherapy to treat cancer is now at the forefront.
Remodeling of Nasal Mucosa in Patients with Rhinitis
Rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa that can progress to structural alterations characterized as airway remodeling such as observed in asthmatic patients
Invasive Chronic Fungal Sinusitis: Case Report
Fungal rhinosinusitis is a rare entity, which can affect both healthy and immunocompromised individuals. It encompasses a wide spectrum of immune and pathological responses, including chronic, granulomatous, allergic and invasive forms. This last can extend to invasion of the orbit and the brain. We report the case of a young girl known to be asthmatic operated successfully in our department for an invasive fungal sinusitis.
Clinical Evaluation of Acute Rhinogenic Visual Disturbances
Objective: To Analyze the time to treatment and visual prognosis of patients who presented with visual disturbance caused by sinus disease. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the post-surgery clinical course and visual acuity of 23 patients (24 sides) with rhinogenic visual disturbances from Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan. Sinus diseases were classified into three groups: infection/inflammation (7 patients), mucocele (8 patients [9 sides]), and tumor (8 patients). Results: Most patients (68%) were first admitted to the ophthalmology department and then referred to us. Patients with eye pain and ocular swelling were examined before those without symptoms (p < 0.05). In particular, the infection/inflammation group was more likely to present with symptoms other than vision loss and thus visit the rhinologists earlier. The infection/inflammation and mucocele groups showed improvement in visual acuity aftesurgery (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Early consultation and surgical treatment were shown to be effective in the infection/inflammation and mucocele groups. For early rhinologist consultation, imaging studies should be performed for accurate diagnosis. Patients should be educated about the disease and encouraged to seek correct medical attention as early as possible.
Effectiveness of Kinetic Oscillation Stimulation Treatment in Persistent Moderate-severe Allergic Rhinitis Compared to Medical Therapy
Introduction: KOS represent an innovative non-surgical solution developed at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm (Sweden) which consists of a intranasal stimulation via an air inflated catheter indicated to treat non allergic rhinitis and migraine. The KOS method for rhinitis has proved to be so effective as it simultaneously stimulates the nasal mucosa and the local autonomic nervous system, which represents the predisposing ultrastructural factor and is able to maintain the neurogenic inflammation responsible for the nasal symptoms of chronic rhinitis, very disabling for the quality of life of rhinitic patients. We wanted to verify whether the positive results obtained in the treatment of non-allergic rhinitis that we observed in our previous study could also be obtained in patients with allergic rhinitis, who similarly share many of the nasal symptoms. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 patients (63 males), aged >18 years, consecutively enrolled, all undergoing complete ENT evaluation with physical clinical examination, endoscopy, nasal symptoms VAS and SNOT-22 questionnaire, affected by allergic rhinitis (AR) persistent moderate-to-severe grade. All patients were alternately assigned to 2 homogeneous groups (Group A: Control Subjects, Group B: KOS Treated Patients), each group included 55 individuals. Simple randomization was achieved with a sequence of random numbers from a computer-generated sequence. During the study, both groups received standard medications (Ebastine tablet 10 mg and Mometasone furoate nasal spray 50 mcg/actuation per nostril per day) for 90 days. At the beginning of medical treatment, group B patients underwent first KOS treatment (repeated after 20 days). Both groups were asked to report any side effects during the study. Results: The treated patients already benefited immediately after the extraction of the balloon reporting a sensation of a more patent nose and reduction of nasal secretions which progressively improves in the following days. For the subjective complaints (nasal obstruction, sneezing, rhinorrhea, and itching), the improvement was significant within each group, with the most significant improvements in treatment group B. When the KOS treatment group was compared with medical treatment alone (Group A), greater efficacy was observed in Group B with regards to the reduction of nasal symptoms and nasal endoscopic findings. Regarding the objective results (rhinomanometric assessments), similar trends, such as subjective ones, were observed within each group. The improvements within each treatment group were significant without side effects. Comparison between Groups A and B, before and after treatment, with the SNOT-22 questionnaire relating to the 5 most important questions (5 most important items) showed an improvement in both study groups but with better results, however regards efficacy, in Group B. Discussion: Our results reveal a greater efficacy achieved using a combined approach, with the association between medical treatment and KOS, compared to medical treatment alone, in the control of the sympotms of AR associated with hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates. The symptoms evaluated by VAS showed greater efficacy in their control in those patients in treatment group B, in particular those patients who had undergone treatment with KOS presented objective parameters (AAR, endoscopic score) and SNOT-22 better than the group receives only medical care. Conclusion: KOS treatment, in combination with medical therapy, improves nasal flow more effectively than medical treatment alone in persistent moderate to severe AR. In particular, the local nasal symptoms were significantly reduced. Patients undergoing the KOS treatment report improvement in their nasal rhinitis symptoms within a few days, which improve further, also in our experience, after a second boost application.
The shock and awe of Covid-19 is still very much with us - the world has experienced first-hand the devastating effects of an out-of-control viral pandemic. Just as we are getting our arms around COVID-19, we find ourselves in the midst of a new threat - the monkeypox virus. Monkeypox is a known quantity to the scientific community and has been for more than 60 years. Mostly relegated to the tropical rainforests of Central and West Africa; this zoonotic disease has largely been ignored in Europe and the Americas until just recently. Cases of the monkeypox infection first appeared sporadically among gay and bisexual men. Europe first reported cases in mid-2022. Shortly thereafter, the United States saw its first cases in large metropolitan areas such as New York, Chicago, San Francisco and Los Angeles. Monkeypox infections are transmitted through close personal contact with infected individuals. The World Health Organization has declared monkeypox a “Public health emergency of international concern”. Monkeypox is genetically similar to smallpox. Although no treatment for the monkeypox virus exists, antivirals and vaccines developed for smallpox have proven effective against monkeypox. Because of its similarity to smallpox, individuals infected with monkeypox demonstrate attenuated symptoms (i.e. fever, chills, muscle aches, sore throat and cough) as compared to those infected with smallpox. After a 3-week incubation period, monkeypox goes away on its own in approximately 2-5 weeks. Diagnostic testing and disease confirmation is performed via RT-PCR testing of genetic material from the infected areas and through the presence of lymphadenopathy (i.e. enlarged lymph nodes). This overview serves as a point of discussion of the aforementioned areas and provides commentary on understanding methods of prevention and containment of the disease. In summary, the power of viral spread causing global pandemics is not to be ignored or neglected - and much more research is to be conducted.
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Otolaryngology Research & Reports
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury & Associated Hearing Loss Post Road Traffic Accident: A Case Study
A concussion could be a delicate variety of traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head. The first injury in a very delicate concussion could be a contusion (bruising) the brain. However in moderate to severe cases, haemorrhage (bleeding) of the brain can occur. The most common causes of concussions are sports injuries, bicycle and automotive accidents, and falls. Purpose: This study aimed to use activity and electrophysiological assessments to analyse the association between hearing disorder and traumatic brain injury. Method: The current work describes the case of a 25-year-old male who was brought to the department with bilateral hearing impairment with no different otological symptoms. The patient’s history concealed that he had encountered a road traffic accident 2 weeks prior. The patient had no hearing issues prior the insult. The patient conferred during this case study underwent multiple tests including behavioural, physiological and electrophysiological analyses. Conclusion: All analyses concluded that TBI will have a sway on the sensory system and may cause hearing disorders. This study highlighted the particular impact of TBI on the auditory system and so, the importance of receiving a full audiological assessment post TBI.