Journal of Pediatrics Research Reviews & Reports
Journal of Pediatrics Research Reviews & Reports is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Pediatrics Research Reviews. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of research, review, case reports, analysis, magazines, editorials, opinion, communications, mini-review, short communications, picturized, book review, video type and power point presentations (PPTS). Articles can be submitted through online from https://www.onlinescientificresearch.com/submit-online or can send through an e-mail with attachment for pediatricsresearch@onlinescientificresearch.info or editor.jprrr@onlinescientificresearch.net
Screening of Helicobacter Pylori in Symptomatic Libyan Children
Helibacobater (H. pylori) is among the most common bacterial infection in humans The prevalence of H. pylori varies markedly between countries. In Libya we have not a good ideas about the the epidemiology in children. (H. pylori) is usually associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma.Typically, children get infected during the first decade of life, but diseases associated with H. pylori are seen mainly in adults. Since evidence from the literature postulates that H. pylori infection occurs mostly during childhood. Studying the epidemiology of this infection in pediatric patients can enable better understanding of the risk factors and consequences of infection. Multiple diagnostic methods are available for the detection of H. pylori infection.The aim of this study was to use non-invasive method (IgG serology) for diagnosis of H. pylori infection in a prospective observational study conducted among 130 children from May 2022 to May 2025 symptomatic children mainly complaining of recurrent abdominal pain, between two and eighteen years of age. attending outpatient clinic in Gharyan Teaching Hospital. IgG antibodies were measured in these patients’ sera using a commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). H. pylori IgG antibodies were concordant in the general proportion of H. pylori infection for both male and female were 29%, 73% of infected children by H. pylori were males, 80% of H. pylori infected children were > 8 years old.
Fathia Hameda Ben Saleh Fathia Hameda Ben Saleh
Farag Abussalam Ahmed Farag Abussalam Ahmed
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Pediatrics Research Reviews & Reports
Six Years Old Boy with Post Covid-19 Isolated Palatal Paralysis, A Rare Clinical Case
Unilateral acquired isolated palatal paralysis is rarely seen in COVID 19 children with unclear pathogenesis. Post-infectious immune-associated cranial mono-neuropathy is a suggestive theory. Cases due to trauma, tumor, and brainstem lesions have been also reported. The presentation is usually nasal regurgitation and uvular deviation. A case report of acquired isolated palatal palsy in a 6 years old boy is presented below with a good response to treatment.
Nashaat Elsayed Farara Nashaat Elsayed Farara
Hatem Ibrahim Elsarnagawe Ibrahim Elsarnagawe
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Pediatrics Research Reviews & Reports
Insight into Down Syndrome and its Rehabilitation
Down syndrome (DS), also known as trisomy 21, is a well-characterized genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to developmental delays, congenital anomalies, and intellectual disability. Despite significant scientific advances in identifying its chromosomal basis and risk factors, the precise cause of nondisjunction during meiosis remains unknown, limiting our understanding of its true origins. This incomplete understanding also contributes to suboptimal treatment outcomes. However, according to the teachings of Guan Yin Citta Dharma Door (心灵法门), DS is not merely a genetic condition but a karmic manifestation arising from unresolved spiritual debts, ancestral karma, or spiritual possession. This study presents seven responses from Dharma Master Jun Hong Lu to inquirers, which clarify the karmic causes of DS and propose Buddhist-based solutions, such as spirit ascension and karma elimination. Additionally, we highlight four real-world cases where families of children with DS applied these Golden Buddhist Practices, resulting in incredible documented improvements in behavior, cognition, and overall health. These outcomes suggest that DS may be more accurately understood as a karmic condition with limited physical genetic expression. This perspective explains why Dharma-based practices can yield extraordinary therapeutic effects in children with DS.
Covariates of Maternal Health Care Utilization: Evidence from Agricultural Households in Rural Nigeria
Maternal health care utilization remains a persistent public health concern in Nigeria, particularly in rural areas where maternal mortality rates are among the highest globally. This study investigates the socio-economic and demographic covariates influencing maternal health care utilization among agricultural households in rural Nigeria. Using data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), the analysis focused on 2,751 women in agricultural households, employing a Tobit regression model. The findings reveal that maternal health care utilization is significantly influenced by factors such as mother’s education, age at first birth, employment type,media exposure, household head’s sex, regional location, and birth order. Contrary to prior studies, the study found that formal education, media exposure, and full-time engagement in agriculture were negatively associated with maternal health care utilization, suggesting underlying sociocultural barriers. For instance, religious and patriarchal norms in some northern regions were noted to limit women’s autonomy in health-seeking decisions. The study also affirms regional disparities, with women in the South-East and South-West zones less likely to utilize maternal care compared to those in the North-Central zone.The study concludes that maternal health care utilization in rural agricultural households is shaped by intersecting social, economic, and cultural factors.Addressing these determinants is vital for improving health outcomes and enhancing household productivity in Nigeria’s rural economy. The results underscore the need for multi-sectoral policy approaches that promote female education, delay early marriage, improve healthcare infrastructure in rural areas, and economically empower women. Additionally, targeted media campaigns and male involvement in maternal health decisions are crucial for fostering behavioral change and boosting service uptake. Addressing these barriers is crucial not only for improving maternal health but also for enhancing agricultural productivity and reducing rural poverty in Nigeria
Phenotypic Spectrum and Diagnostic Challenges in Non-21-Alfa-Hydroxylase Deficiency Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Case Series from a Tertiary care Centre
Purpose: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by enzyme deficiencies in adrenal steroidogenesis, with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) being the most common. However, rarer forms such as 11β-hydroxylase (11β-OHD), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (3β-HSD2), 17α-hydroxylase (17α-OHD), and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) deficiency present diagnostic challenges due to variable phenotypes. This study describes the clinical, biochemical, and genetic profiles of non-21OHD CAH cases at a tertiary care centre. Methods: A retrospective review of 87 CAH patients from 2008 to 2022 identified 13 cases of non-21OHD CAH. Clinical, biochemical, imaging and genetic data were analysed. The diagnosis was confirmed by hormonal assays and next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genetic analysis. Results: Among the 13 cases, six patients had 11β-OHD, primarily presenting with precocious puberty, hypertension, and hyperpigmentation, with elevated ACTH, 17-OHP, and suppressed renin levels. Three patients with 3β-HSD2 deficiency were diagnosed in early infancy following salt-wasting crises. 17α-OHD was diagnosed in three adolescent females presenting with primary amenorrhea, tall stature, hypertension, and elevated gonadotropins.One case of StAR deficiency was diagnosed at 45 days of life, presenting with adrenal crisis and severe adrenal insufficiency. Conclusion: Non-21OHD CAH presents diagnostic challenges due to its varied clinical spectrum. Hypertension and hypokalemia are key differentiators for 11β-OHD and 17α-OHD, while steroid profiling (LC-MS) aids in diagnosing 3β-HSD2 deficiency. However, the most crucial aspect is the early diagnosis, which is a significant factor in preventing complications like hypertensive cardiomyopathy and adrenal crises.
A Parasitic Twin Diagnosed Prenatally As a Sacrococcygeal Teratoma: A Case Report
Parasitic twinning is a rare entity. It is an asymmetric conjoined twinning in which a poorly formed twin, known as the parasite, is attached to a fully developed co-twin, known as the autosite. The parasite depends on the autosite for blood supply. It is diagnosed prenatally with ultrasound, and treatment involves resection of the parasite postnatally. We describe a case that was prenatally diagnosed on 2D ultrasound as a sacrococcygeal teratoma at 25 weeks.No other anomaly was detected. Caesarean delivery was conducted at 34 weeks on account of failure to progress following spontaneous preterm labour.At delivery, we found that the sacrococcygeal mass was a parasitic twin with a poorly formed body, lower limb, and hair. These fetal components were not demonstrated on the prenatal 2D ultrasound. Postnatal assessment revealed no other abnormality. The mass was successfully resected on day 3 of life. The resection was done early on account of ulceration of the mass/ parasite. The histopathological assessment revealed more fetal parts, including brain tissue and lungs. Prenatal diagnosis is essential as it identifies associated anomalies and helps with prognostication and planning of obstetric and surgical management by a multidisciplinary team.
Neurodevelopmental Outcome of High-Risk Neonates At 24 Months of Age, With Respect to General Movements of Prechetl at Term or Within 3 Months of Age
Background: Advances in secondary and tertiary level neonatal care in India and the state of Kerala have resulted in better survival and reduction of mortality of high risk neonates. So it is essential to have follow up of these babies more frequently and start early interventions to prevent or reduce the severity of developmental delay. Various non- invasive, cost effective methods are being tried to detect or predict early the developmental delay, one among these methods is general movements of Prechetl, since only a small percentage of neonates with risk factors are developing significant developmental delay later. Methods: Neonates 25 weeks and above, but less than 42 weeks, admitted with risk factors and discharged, presenting for follow up within 3 months of age were enrolled for the study. Those babies having visible birth defects (VBD), chromasomal or other genetic disorders, and dysmorphic or syndromic features were excluded from the study. Neonates at term or their first visit within 3 months were observed for general movements of Prechetl when the baby is remaining alert without crying and noted as normal or absent/abnormal. These high risk babies (N=375) in this prospective observational analytic study were followed up to their completed or corrected 24 months of age. Neurodevelopmental assessment done in domains- cognitive, communication, motor, and social-emotional at 24 months using Bayley scales of infant and toddler development edition-3 (BSID-III). The study was conducted over a period of 6 years from 2017 in south of middle Kerala, India. Results: Out of total 375 high risk babies, 53 babies were having abnormal/absent general movements pattern of Prechetl and 322 had normal general movements pattern. High risk babies with absent/abnormal general movements cohort babies were having significantly lower total and domain-wise (cognitive, language, motor and social-emotional) developmental scores compared to high risk babies with normal general movements pattern cohort at their corrected/completed 24 months of age, using BSID-III indicating higher chance for babies with absent/abnormal general movements to have moderate to severe developmental delay and cerebral palsy at 24 months of age. Conclusion: Abnormal or absent general movements pattern at term or within 3 months of age of high risk infants are associated with high chance of moderate to severe developmental delay and cerebral palsy at their corrected/completed 24 months of age, compared to high risk infants with normal general movements pattern, at term or within 3 months of age.
Immature Intracranial Teratoma in Childhood - A Rare Clinical Case from Our Practice
Immature teratomas are rare intracranial malignant tumors of childhood, predominantly localized in the pineal or suprasellar brain region. We present a rare clinical case of a 12-year-old boy with an immature intracranial teratoma who underwent apparently total tumor excision followed by local cranial radiotherapy. The presented clinical case focuses on the diagnosis and complex treatment of these rare non-germ cell brain tumors in childhood. A strict pathohistological diagnosis, serum and cerebrospinal fluid tumor marker testing (AFP and HCG), and MRI of the craniospinal axis are required.
Assessing the Effectiveness of HIV Counseling and Testing Programs: A Retrospective Study at an Apex Regional STD Centre in North India
Background: HIV counseling and testing are foundational in the fight against HIV/AIDS, offering opportunities for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment linkage. This study evaluated the effectiveness of HIV counseling and testing services at an Apex Regional STD Centre in North India. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from January to December 2023. Data were extracted from center registers, including the number of individuals receiving pre-test counseling, undergoing HIV testing, and testing positive. Partner engagement, HIV transmission routes, age and gender distribution, and referral of suspected TB cases were also analyzed. Quality indicators such as counseling completeness, content delivered, and partner notification services were reviewed. Results: A total of 29,017 individuals received pre-test counseling, with 28,609 undergoing HIV testing (98.59% uptake). HIV positivity was highest among individuals aged 35–49 years (2.13%). Heterosexual contact with casual partners in males and regular partners/spouses in females were the most reported transmission routes. Among 389 partners tested, 180 were HIV-positive (46.3%). However, only 230 partners (59.1%) received formal counseling. The TB referral system identified sputum-positive TB in 0.10% of referred clients. Counseling session quality was adequate in 85% of cases based on adherence to national counseling guidelines. Conclusion: HIV counseling and testing services at the center demonstrated high uptake and significant case detection. However, gaps in partner counseling and data tracking limit the full evaluation of program effectiveness. Strengthening partner services, standardizing counseling quality audits, and integrating follow-up mechanisms are critical for enhancing outcomes.
Metabolic Characteristics in Obese Children
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is one of the complications of obesity with a significant impact on health. This MS is diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation 2007 in children aged 10 to 16 years with waist circumference > 90th percentile according to the curves of McCarthy and two of the following metabolic characteristics: HDL C < 40 mg/dL, TG≥150 mg/dL, blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL and blood pressure≥130/85mmHg. Goals: We performed a retrospective and prospective study at the pediatric obesity consultation. The main objective is to assess the metabolic syndrome in a population of obese children and adolescents. The secondary objectives are the evaluation of the various criteria of the metabolic syndrome, and the impact of the degree of obesity, the search for comorbidities and their repercussions, and finally the evaluation of the care. Results: The survey involved 74 children and adolescents,from January 2011 to December 2021. The frequency of metabolic syndrome is 35.1%.with an average age around puberty of 12.92 years. There is no significant difference in frequency by sex. This frequency increases with the degree of obesity Insulin resistance remains the first factor responsible for the genesis of MS, Dyslipidemia affects more than a third of these children. Arterial hypertension is noted in 14% of subjects.For glycemic abnormalities, 16.21% of children have fasting hyperglycemia. For complications the non alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD affects approximately 33% of these children, the obstructive sleep apnea OSA was only confirmed in 4% of these children.
Standardization of Viral Neutralization Assay Used in To the Determination of Neutralizing Antibodies in the Evaluation Studies of the Cuban Vaccines against COVID-19
The epidemiological situation created by SARS-CoV-2 imposed the challenge of developing vaccines and demonstrating their efficacy through a test capable of detecting functional neutralizing antibodies. It was proposed to standardize of viral neutralization assay used in the determination of neutralizing antibodies in the evaluation studies of the Cuban vaccines against COVID-19. Serial doubling dilutions of the serum samples were used and mixed with equal volumes of strain D614G at different infective doses an concentrations of Vero E6. The neutralization titer was determined by the colorimetric method and the cytopathic effect. 24 hours were defined as virus harvest time, the fourth day as the optimal time for reading the assay, 2x104 cells/well as cell concentration, and 100 TCID50 as optimal infective dose. The analytical specificity was 100%, as well as the specificity and diagnostic sensitivity. There was a high correlation between the micro neutralization assay and the UMELISA anti RBD system and a strong association with the molecular neutralization test. There were no differences between the cytopathic effect readings between the two reading methods. It was shown that it is a sensitive, specific and precise method, which guarantees the feasibility of its use in the evaluation of vaccine candidates against COVID-19.
Yaday Alfonso Mirabal Yaday Alfonso Mirabal
Danay Carrillo Valdes Danay Carrillo Valdes
Yanin Hernández Rodríguez Yanin Hernández Rodríguez
Does Simultaneous Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy with Temozolomide Increase the Radiosensitivity of Childhood Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG)?- a Clinical Case from our Practice
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG} is a high-grade glioma (HGG) that originates in the pons and is seen almost exclusively in children. The healing results achieved after a self -conducted conventional, hyperfractionated and hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) up to a total tumor dose of 54 Gy at DIPG are unfavorable. We present our observations in a child with a locally advanced DIPG after a conventional concomitant Temozolomide radiotherapy. In order to increase the survival in this clinical case, we decided to conduct a simultaneous Temozolomide RT with an extended target volume with the inclusion of the ventricles. Two months after the Temozolomide intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), the MRI reports a reduction in the tumor with a pronounced tumor necrosis, which is evidence of the radio -sensitization effect of Temosolomide.
Association between Breast Feeding and Development of Atopy
Background: Childhood atopic diseases are becoming more prevalent over time, making it an issue to investigate. One of the possible associated factors that has been studied is breastfeeding, which remains a controversial subject. A number of studies show a protective role of breastfeeding against atopic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and others. However, other research could not find a positive relationship between breastfeeding and some types of allergies. Accordingly, we set out to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and the development of atopy in our study. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in the Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH) in Hail region, between November 2022 and February 2023, targeting mothers with at least one child over the age of one month in the paediatrics and obstetrics/gynaecological clinics’ waiting areas and admission wards. Results: A sample of 423 children from Hail were studied in our research. Most of them were over twelve months old. Although most of the participants believed that breastfeeding reduces the incidence of atopic skin disease, the most prevalent type of feeding was formula feeding, followed by mixed feeding and exclusive breastfeeding. The study showed no significant effects of breastfeeding type on the development of allergies in children, as well as breastfeeding type and duration. However, there was a significant association between formula feeding and the development of allergic rhinitis, as it increases the incidence. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that no definitive link could be made between breastfeeding duration and the development of atopy or between breastfeeding type and the occurrence of atopy in children. However, the study shows that formula feeding is a significant risk factor for the development of allergic rhinitis.
Long-Term Drug Treatment of a Giant Liver Hydatid Cyst in a Child
Background: Cystic еchinococcosis is a chronic parasitosis caused by the larvae of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Humans act as intermediate hosts and the larvae can affect any organ in the form of cysts. They are most often found incidentally by diagnostic imaging, where they have become large in size, with treatment being primarily invasive. Conservative treatment with albendazole is one of the appropriate treatment options, but it features a low success rate in cysts over 5 cm. Case Presentation: We describe a case of an 16-year-old girl with an active 12 cm cyst in the liver. Two consecutive courses with albendazole, with duration 3 months each, were conducted. The cyst reached a safe inactive stage and no relapses have been observed for 1 year since the last administration of the medication. Conclusions: Our experience shows that with large cysts albendazole courses may be extended including in childhood. Ultrasonography has clearly demonstrated its ability to follow-up patient in a cost effective manner and avoiding ionizing radiations.
Re-Feeding Syndrome as a Rare Sequelae Post Resolution of DKA
Refeeding Syndrome (RS) refers to electrolyte imbalances that occur in malnourished and abruptly refed patients. Though there is scarce evidence in pediatric literature, it is a potential life-threatening condition that can lead to organ dysfunction. It occurs when the body’s metabolism suddenly shifts from a catabolic state to an anabolic state which leads to rise in insulin secretion and electrolyte imbalances. Though is no clear definition of Refeeding syndrome, hypophosphatemia is considered as the hallmark of refeeding syndrome. We report the case of a 12 yr old male child, who recovered from diabetes ketoacidosis and as soon as enteral nutrition was initiated the child landed up in refeeding syndrome. Physicians should be aware about the risk factors leading to refeeding syndrome as prompt identification and initiation of treatment is the key to its management.
American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN)
Shaping ASD Pathways: Early PT vs. Late Support for Neurodiversity
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of a several neurodevelopmental disorders. characterized by impaired social and communicative functioning, as well as repetitive and stereotypical patterns of behaviour and interests. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and restricted or repetitive behaviours and interests [1]. ASD affects throughout an individual’s lifespan and has a very unique clinical picture due to its associated symptoms, which include hyposensitive or hypersensitive, hyperactivity, concentration and behaviour issues, and emotional, sleep, and mood abnormalities [2]. In the context of ASD, neurodiversity acknowledges that individuals on the autism spectrum have unique strengths, abilities, and ways of perceiving and interacting with the world, which are valuable and should be nurtured and supported.The DSM-5 criteria for ASD include persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities.
Therapies for Anterior Teeth Affected by MIH in Children and Adolescents: Two Case Reports
Molar and incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative defect in enamel development affecting first molars and permanent incisors, characterized by well-limited opacities of different color. Affected incisors cause aesthetic concerns, particularly in young patients, and are usually the reason for consultation.To manage the aesthetics of these teeth, several treatment options are available. This article presents the management of two patients who came to the Pedodontics Department of the Mohammed VI Center for Dental Care for aesthetic concerns, related to the presence of opacities in the maxillary central incisors associated with MIH.
Prevalence of Health Issues in Durres Children: Refractive Errors,Caries, and Scoliosis
This study evaluates the prevalence of three common health conditions refractive errors, dental caries, and scoliosis-among children aged 6-14 in Durrës, Albania. Recognizing that children’s health issues can have profound effects on their overall well-being and educational performance, this research aims to provide insights into the health needs of the pediatric population in this region. A total of 370 students from five different schools were assessed through a series of clinical screenings, dental evaluations using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, and postural examinations. The findings indicate significant variations in the prevalence of these conditions across different schools and between genders. Specifically, refractive errors were found to be more prevalent in boys, particularly myopia, which was observed more frequently at Vincenc Prendushi and Nënë Tereza schools. In contrast, hypermetropia and astigmatism demonstrated similar trends across both genders, highlighting the need for targeted vision screenings and interventions to mitigate these issues. The prevalence of dental caries was notably high at 42%, underscoring the urgent need for improved oral hygiene support, particularly among girls, who exhibited higher rates in some schools. Furthermore, scoliosis was identified in 12% of the assessed children, with a greater incidence among boys.Certain schools had notably higher prevalence rates, suggesting potential links to environmental factors such as classroom ergonomics and physical activity levels. This study emphasizes the importance of regular health screenings and educational interventions to address these prevalent conditions effectively.Additionally, the findings advocate for the development of targeted health policies aimed at improving children’s health outcomes, thereby promoting overall well-being and academic performance. By focusing on preventive measures and raising awareness about these common health issues, this research contributes valuable information to policymakers, educators, and health professionals working to enhance child health in Albania.
Newborn COVID 19 Carriers: Experience from the Marrakech Neonatal Reanimation Department
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world. Given the high rate of increased infection, the number of pregnant women and children affected by COVID-19 is consequently on the rise. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted by droplets; other routes of transmission, although hypothesized, have not been confirmed. For the moment, it remains unclear whether and how SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted from mother to fetus. Objective: to report on the experience of the neonatal intensive care unit in the management of covid 19-carrying newborns, and to provide documented information on mother-to-child transmission. This retrospective study examined the medical records of 22 newborns born to women with SARS-CoV-2 at university hospital Momamed VI in Marrakech. Of the 22 newborns, 9 had positive PCR test results for SARS-CoV-2; among their mothers, 15 had fever, seven had cough and 17 had given birth by caesarean section. The median term of birth was 37 weeks’ amenorrhea. Fifteen of the newborns were male. Most were asymptomatic. The evolution was marked in 2 newborns by worsening respiratory distress requiring intubation and sedation in one, with worsening and death in the setting of severe sepsis in the first and the second due to more than 30% involvement on chest CT with persistent signs of respiratory struggle. The rest of the patients progressed well under treatment, with no complications. Conclusion: Maternal-fetal transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was not detected in the majority of reported cases, except in one neonate, although 9 of the 22 neonates tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Our study supports the hypothesis that, although it rarely occurs, in utero vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is possible.
Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia Managed on an Outpatient Basis at the Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department of the Ibn Sina Children’s Hospital in Rabat
Introduction: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. The general objective of this study was to collect data and analyze the factors influencing management of the febrile neutropenia at the day hospital at the pediatric department of Hematology and Oncology (SHOP) of Rabat. Patients and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study descriptive and analytical for a period of 3 months (from January 9 to March 31, 2017) which was made at the day hospital at the SHOP. The inclusion criteria were neutropenia (rate of the neutrophil account lower or equal to 500/mm3) and fever following a cure of cancer chemotherapy. Results: We have registered 43 cases of FN over a period of 3 months. The most affected age group was less than 5 years with a median age of 4 years and ranged from 0 to 15 years. The ALL accounted for 67.4%; 51% of patients lived between 100 and 299 km from the SHOP, and 76.7% of patients have made 1 to 6 hours to reach the SHOP. The median of the neutrophil rate was 100/mm3. Twenty cases (46.5%) had a rate of neutrophil account < 100/mm3 . Nine (20.9%) had signs related to infection. Twenty-five (58.1%) have been treated with mono antibiotic therapy, and 16 patients (37.2%) were treated with a bi antibiotic therapy. Fifteen cases (34.9%) were hospitalized for not getting the pyrexia after 72 h of antibiotic therapy.There were no deaths among hospitalized patients. Ninety three percent of the therapeutic education was made by the doctor. Bi-varied analysis showed that evolution depended on the depth of neutropenia. Conclusion: Outpatients treatment with febrile neutropenia at the day hospital is possible and must take account of the clinical status, isolation of patients and the neutrophil account. Education of patients and parents and stratification of cases are mandatory
Fever, Neutropenia, Antibiotic Therapy, Day Hospital
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Pediatrics Research Reviews & Reports
Proximal Hamstring Avulsion through Growth Plate: Case Reportof an Innovative Solution with Early Return to Sports
Introduction: Proximal hamstring avulsion injuries significantly impact young athletes, particularly when involving growth plates. This case report and literature review aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of proximal hamstring avulsion through the growth plate, focusing on an innovative surgical solution designed to ensure early return to sports. Case Presentation: A 13-year-old male soccer player presented with acute posterior thigh pain following a match. Initial conservative management failed to relieve symptoms. Radiographic imaging and MRI confirmed a proximal hamstring avulsion through the growth plate. The innovative surgical intervention involved reattachment using two 2.5 mm triple-loaded soft anchors to avoid growth plate interference and potential future reinterventions. Postoperative rehabilitation included phased exercises starting with painfree mobility and progressing to strength training and sport-specific drills, leading to a full recovery within six months. Discussion: Surgical indications for hamstring avulsion include significant displacement of the avulsed fragment (>1-2 cm), conservative treatment failure, severe functional loss, and high-demand athletes requiring robust repair. Early MRI diagnosis, tailored surgical techniques avoiding growth plate disruption, and structured rehabilitation programs focusing on muscle balance and flexibility are crucial. Literature underscores the importance of early surgical intervention, as population-based studies show tailored rehabilitation reduces recurrence and improves functional outcomes. Conclusion: Proximal hamstring avulsion injuries in young athletes require meticulous diagnosis and treatment. The innovative use of soft anchors facilitates proper healing and early return to sports, highlighting the necessity for precise surgical techniques and comprehensive rehabilitation protocols. This integrated approach ensures optimal recovery, minimizes re-injury risks, and facilitates a safe return to high-level athletic activities.
Oral and Dental Status in Children with Congenital Heart Diseasein Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca Morocco
Objective: A case-control survey was conducted to assess the oral status of children with congenital heart disease in the cardiothoracic department at the CHU Ibn Rochd in Casablanca. Methods and Materials: The study involved 60 sick children and 60 healthy control children taken from the orthopedic and pediatric traumatology department at CHU Ibn Rochd in Casablanca. The statistical tests used were the Chi2 test for comparison of percentages and the Student test for comparison of means. Socioeconomic level, LOE and SILNESS gingival index, parents’ assistance in their children’s oral brushing, LOE and SILNESS plaque index, amelar hypoplasia, and cad/ CAO index were evaluated. Results: The gingival index of the target group was higher compared to controls (0.579± 0.537 vs. 0.232±0.459) with a statistically significant association (p < 10-3). The mean cao index of the target group was 4.633±4.687 vs 3.902±3.838 in the control group. The mean cao index was also higher in the case group compared with the control group (1.950 with a standard deviation of 3.456 vs 1.455 with a standard deviation of 1.856). The difference was statistically significant between the two groups for cao and CAO, respectively (p=0.04, p < 10 -4). Ameloid hypoplasia showed a statically insignificant difference (p=0.54) between the two study groups. All these data show the need to develop a closer collaboration between all health professionals, including cardiologists, for an early oral management and for an optimal awareness of oral hygiene.
Pediatric Cardiology Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca
Epidemiological Study on Developmental Coordination Disorder in School Going Children
Introduction: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) has garnered significant attention in recent years, with rapid advancements in our understanding of this condition. Despite this progress, DCD often goes undiagnosed, making it challenging for children, parents, and educators to access essential resources. The motor difficulties associated with DCD can lead to social exclusion, as peers may be reluctant to invite these children to participate in play activities. Consequently, children with DCD may withdraw from leisure pursuits, perceiving themselves as lacking the necessary skills to engage fully. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to identify DCD in non-referred school-aged children. Early identification enables these individuals to access crucial resources, such as physiotherapy interventions, which can maximize their functional, academic, and psychosocial performance, and overall quality of life. Materials and Methods: The study involved 200 non-referred school-going children aged 4-12 years from Bangalore, selected through random sampling. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC), consisting of 32 organized tasks across four sets covering manual dexterity, ball skills, and dynamic balance, was administered. Additionally, the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD), comprising 12 tasks that assess a child’s ability to accomplish various motor skills, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a 113-item inventory describing children’s psychosocial behavior, were utilized to evaluate overall development. Results: Multivariate analysis identified a significant prevalence of DCD among the study participants. The findings underscore the imperative nature of early identification using comprehensive assessment tools for the well-being and psychosocial adaptation of school-aged children. Conclusions: These findings indicate that children with movement problems are at risk for difficulties in attention, learning, and psychosocial adjustment. Regardless of the kind or intensity, a child’s assessment for movement issues should cover a broad variety of functions in addition to motor skills. This comprehensive approach will enable access to essential resources, such as physiotherapeutic interventions, crucial for their overall development.
Barriers and Facilitators with Accessing Healthcare Services among Children with Disabilities in Ghana: A Systematic Review
Background: The primary objective of global health is universal health coverage, yet there are significant barriers preventing children in Ghana from accessing healthcare. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify the obstacles and enablers that children with disabilities in Ghana now face when trying to obtain healthcare and rehabilitation services. Methods: We conducted a systematic review on the barriers and facilitators associated with accessing healthcare and rehabilitation services among children with disabilities in Ghana. Two databases (PubMed and ProQuest) were searched as well as on google scholar and University of Suffolk Online Library. Studies were included if the population looked at children less than 18 years. Different methods were included owing to paucity of research. A narrative approach was used to synthesize results. Results: Ten studies were included in the review. Approximately 90% of studies were conducted in Ghana. Accessibility issues for CwDs in Ghana were mentioned in all ten articles. While two researches used just quantitative methodologies, three publications used only qualitative study designs. The remaining articles used a combination of methodologies and relied on questionnaires or interviews to pinpoint certain obstacles. The caregivers of CwDs, health- workers and stakeholders were interviewed for these researches, along with group sessions, and only one study included interviews with the children themselves. Conclusions: This systematic review highlighted attitudinal issues, poverty, improperly qualified healthcare staff, and physical inaccessibility as key barriers to healthcare access for CwDs. While public awareness of disabilities, professional and family support, initiatives to improve physical accessibility, and policy creation are important facilitators. However, given the methodological limitations found in existing studies, the results of this review must be interpreted with caution.
Greek Validation of the Questionnaire “Prenatal Breast-Feeding Self Efficacy” Scale
Background: Empowerment and support for maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy are a worldwide effort. Mothers who demonstrate high levels of self-efficacy are more likely to maintain and succeed in exclusive breastfeeding. There is research evidence that the Prenatal Breast-feeding Self-Efficacy Scale (PBSES) is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating breastfeeding self-efficacy before delivery. Research Aim(S)/Question(S): The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Prenatal Breastfeeding Self Efficacy scale (PBSES) into the Greek Language. Screening tools like the PBSES scale facilitate the development of individualized strategies to support breastfeeding. Methods: The Prenatal Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale constructed by Wells et al (2006) consists of 20 items that assess the ability of pregnant women to breastfeed. The present study included 156 primiparous pregnant women who intended to give birth at the same maternity perinatal hospital in Athens with no prior experience of breastfeeding. Results: The reliability of the questionnaire Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy was detected by 70% of all the questions. The internal consistency of all items of the questionnaire was assessed overall with a Cronbach’s an index of 0.83 while the questions were grouped into 4 factors, as in the original. Conclusions: The PBSES proved to be a useful tool that can be implemented in Greek and can successfully identify mothers with low self-efficacy prenatally
Prenatal Breast-Feeding, Self-Efficacy Prenatally, Childbirth, Greece
Psychosomatic Diseases and Gut Microbiome Connections
Recent research has illuminated the intricate relationship between psychosomatic diseases and the gut microbiome, emphasizing the bi-directional communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, known as the gut-brain axis. Psychosomatic diseases, which are physical illnesses influenced or exacerbated by mental factors, have been shown to correlate with alterations in the gut microbiome composition. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the microbial community, has been linked to various psychosomatic conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), depression, and anxiety. Mechanistically, the gut microbiome influences brain function and behavior through several pathways, including the production of neuroactive compounds, modulation of the immune system, and the vagus nerve. Studies indicate that certain microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan metabolites, can impact neurotransmitter systems, contributing to the pathophysiology of psychosomatic diseases. Furthermore, interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications have shown promise in modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating symptoms of these conditions. Understanding the gut-brain connection offers potential for novel therapeutic approaches targeting the microbiome to treat psychosomatic diseases, underscoring the need for continued research in this interdisciplinary field.
Definitive Sclerosing Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy in A Child with Recurrent Aneurysmal Bone Cyst- A Clinical Case from ourPractice
Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are rarely diagnosed aggressive benign bone tumors. They are mainly diagnosed in children and adolescents in the long bones of the limbs, but in 12 %-30% are localized in the spine. Since the value of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for ABC has not been well defined, we present our observations and treatment outcome after one year from the definitive intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) up to 30 Gy. for recurrent spine ABC in adolescent age. We present in dynamics the MR images of ABC after 3 months, after 6 months and after 1 year of the radiation treatment, analyzing the achieved tumor reducing and sclerosing effect. Our observations lead to the conclusion, that IMRT is an effective sclerosing treatment method for relapsed or inoperable disease, achieving not only a symptomatic pain-relieving effect, but also significant reduction of the bone tumor lesion.
Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Related Factors in Parents of Preterm Infants Hospitalized in NICU
Background: The hospitalization of preterm infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is generally an unexpected event that can be stressful experience for families and especially for parents. Objective: To assess the anxiety levels in parents with preterm infants hospitalized in NICU and determine its association with clinical and sociodemographic variables. Method: This prospective, follow up–cohort study was conducted at the NICU of a tertiary maternity hospital in Athens, Greece during 18/12/2019 to 31/12/2022. A total of 120 parents, whose infants had birth weight (BW)<1750 grams (g) and gestational age (GA)<34 weeks (w) were involved. The data collected by a demographic form and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale (STAI). Results: Our data showed that the STAI score for state anxiety to mothers was significantly higher in the 1st assessment (Mean±SD:52.2±11.9) than 2nd (Mean±SD:47.8±12) and 3rd (Mean±SD:49±10.3). The STAI score for trait anxiety was similar, in particular it was significantly higher in the 1st assessment (Mean±SD:46.6±14.6) compared to 2nd (Mean±SD:41.9±14) and 3rd (Mean±SD:42.8±13). Also, the STAI score for state anxiety to fathers was significantly higher during the 1st assessment (Mean±SD:47.1±12.2) compared to the other two assessments (Mean±SD:42.8±9.8 & Mean±SD:41.7±9.1 respectively), while trait anxiety didn’t show significant variability. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the premature birth and infant’s hospitalization might have a negative effect on parents’ emotional state. Identifying which mothers and fathers are at risk immediately after birth and during NICU stay could help to direct specific interventions that can prevent them of stressful feelings.
Parental Anxiety, NICU, Preterm Infants, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale
Impact of School Nurse Asthma Education Program on School Nurses’ Asthma Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Levels: A QuasiExperimental Study
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects millions of people worldwide, including school-aged children. School nurses are the first point of contact for students with asthma and play a crucial role in the management of asthma in schools. The prevalence of asthma in schoolchildren has increased in recent years, highlighting the need for effective asthma management strategies in schools. One such strategy is asthma education programs that are designed to educate patients and healthcare providers about asthma, its management, and prevention. These programs aim to promote knowledge and skills necessary to manage asthma symptoms, including proper use of medications, avoiding asthma triggers, and recognizing the signs of asthma exacerbation.
Prevalence, Risks and Prevention of Child Maltreatment in the Middle East
Child maltreatment is the most prevalent and underreported issue in the Middle East and across the globe. Misconduct with children has adverse effects on their overall health, well-being, and psychosocial development for the longer term. This review aimed to investigate recent evidence concerning child maltreatment, prevalence, risks, protective factors, and outcomes in the Middle East; it also evaluated warranted prevention strategies to combat the rising cases of child maltreatment and minimize its serious adversities. Sixty-five primary and secondary studies were included in this study after rigorous screening through PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Google scholar, CINAHL, and Proquest. Evidence revealed an 88% incidence of child maltreatment in the Middle East. Factors including economic crises, lack of education, and substance abuse add to the maltreatment exposure of vulnerable children. Findings indicated the adverse impact of maltreatment on the overall mental and physical health and social development of the affected children. The protective factors include community support, self-regulation, child prevention awareness campaigns and training, social competence, and high self-esteem. In conclusion, findings from this review emphasized the need to address child maltreatment in the Middle East and formulate viable approaches to improve parenting skills, satisfy the nutritional/financial requirements of underprivileged families, and improve interpersonal relationships of children with their caretakers.
Maltreatment, Children, Middle East, Prevention, Risks, Prevalence
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