Journal of Spine Research & Reports
type: channel
description: Journal of Spine Research & Reports is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Spine Research & Reports. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of research, review, case reports, analysis, magazines, editorials, opinion, communications, mini-review, short communications, picturized, book review, video type and power point presentations (PPTS). Articles can be submitted through online from https://www.onlinescientificsresearch.com/submit-online or can send through an e-mail with attachment for Email: spineresearch@onlinescientificresearch.info.
publisher: Scientific Research and Community
language: en
publication name: Journal of Spine Research & Reports
issn: 2755-9890
items: Endoscopic Medial Facetectomy and Decompression Release Locked Facet Joint and Correcting Degenerative Spine Deformity
items: A Patient with Brainstem Infarction and Recurrent Fever a CaseReport
items: Adolescent Lumbar Spondylolisthesis and a Double Major CurveScoliosis-are they Related? Can we Preserve Lumbar Motion
items: Effect of Muscle Energy Technique versus Maitland Mobilizationwith Iastm on Pain and Disability in Shoulder Periarthritis: ARandomized Controlled Trial
items: An Odontoid Screw/Standalone Anterior Cervical Interbody CageHybrid Can Stabilize a Combined C2 Fracture: A Technical CaseReport
items: Challenges and Strategies in "Spinal Damage Control" as a TreatmentModality for Unstable Vertebral Fractures in Polytrauma Patients: ANarrative Literature Review and a Proposed Algorithm
items: An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Refractive Loupes as anIntervention to Prevent Chronic Neck and Back Pain in UndergraduateDental Students- A Longitudinal Study
items: Assessing Barriers towards Promotion of Guyana’s Health TourismIndustry- A Systematic Review
items: Vertebral Growth Modulation with Pedicular Tethering for theTreatment of AIS: A Proof of Concept Report
items: Can Vertebral Pedicular Tethering Preserve Lumbar Motion in theSurgical Treatment of a Lenke 6C Idiopathic Scoliosis? -TechnicalNote
items: A Case Report of Severe Clavicle Fracture and Shoulder DislocationResulting in Complete Arm Detachment Following OccupationalAccident
items: Spinal Cord Reperfusion Injury Syndrome: A Rare Post-SurgicalComplication after Spinal Cord Decompression that Makes theSurgeon Doubtful about his Surgical Skills
items: Traumatic Lumbar Subdural Hematoma: Clinical Image
items: Clinical Imaging, Anatomical and Embryological Classification of Sirenomelia, A Case Report
items: Is Consenting For Blindness in Prone Spinal Procedures relevant?
items: Effect of OA (Osteoarthritis) in Gym-Going Adults
items: Impact of Specific Training for Fear Avoidance Beliefs Training onPatients with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain
items: Oswestry Disability Index Scores and the Relationship to Age, Genderand Diagnosis in a Cohort of Patients with Low Back Pain
items: How do Buddhists Handle Coronavirus: Meditate for your Telomere?
items: Cervical Spine Injuries Most Commonly Occur in Traffic Accidents
items: The Psychiatric Manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis and their Treatment with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Literature Review and Case Report
items: The Role of Buddhism Meditation in Spinal Cord Healing
items: Pain Remission in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis with Venlafaxine

Endoscopic Medial Facetectomy and Decompression Release Locked Facet Joint and Correcting Degenerative Spine Deformity
type: item
description: Multilevel spine degenerative deformity should be described in 3 column theory of lumbar degenerative cascade to detect completely the degenerative damages or deformers. Theory of degenerative spine deformity is a combination between 2 factors: 1. spine stabilizer (disc, 2 facet joints, anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament, supraspinatus ligament, multifidus muscle) and 2. Spine deformer (degenerative damages). Normal facet joint is a gliding joint in flexion, rotation, and lateral bending, in degenerative facet joint the hypertrophy will lock the joint function in deformity. The concept of minimally invasive endoscopic spine surgery is removing the deformers with decompression, release locked facet joint through medial facetectomy and retain the stabilizers. After locked facet released and deformers are removed, the stabilizer’s function is reapplied, and the deformity can be corrected naturally.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Endoscopy, Spine Degeneration, Deformity, Locked Facet Joint
  topic: keywords
creator: A Bambang Darwano
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2026-03-10
publication date: 2026-03-10
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2026(5)123

A Patient with Brainstem Infarction and Recurrent Fever a CaseReport
type: item
description: Introduction: Bilateral medulla oblongata infarction (BMOI) is a rare subtype of all ischemic strokes often leading to tetraplegia including autonomic dysregulation. Underlying infection occurring concomitantly during initial treatment might be underdiagnosed due to overlapping symptomatic. Case Presentation: We present a case of an immunocompetent patient with pulmonary tuberculosis, who developed acute tetraplegia following a BMOI. The patient started experiencing daily episodes of high fever shortly after the insult. After numerous initial negative screenings for tuberculosis, the recurrent fever of unknown origin pointed towards an autonomic nerve system in connection with the recent medullary lesion. However, an atypical pulmonary tuberculosis radiological presentation with a diffuse tree-in-bud sign on a Computer Tomography-scan, absent meningeal involvement in the lumbar puncture, but finally the presence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in tracheal secretion confirmed the diagnoses of Tuberculosis. The patient was successfully treated with quadruple therapy for two months followed by dual therapy (Rifampicin and Isoniazid) for an additional four months. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection in an immunocompetent patient with rapid onset of tetraplegia, showing symptoms resembling autonomic dysreflexia, typically observed in patients with spinal cord injuries at/above the T6 level, but also existent in those with ischemic medullary lesions. Conclusion: In patients with recent BMOI and recurrent fever, tuberculosis should be always a key consideration in the differential diagnosis during the initial treatment besides the diagnoses of autonomic dysregulation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Medulla Oblongata
  topic: keywords
subject: Tetraplegia
  topic: keywords
subject: Stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Autonomic Dysregulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Fever Unknown Origin
  topic: keywords
subject: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Andrea Orlando Fontana
creator: Anke Scheel Sailer
creator: Philipp Karl Buehler
creator: Philipp Kaiser
creator: Gunther Landmann
creator: Mergime Maralushaj
creator: Rajeev Verma
creator: Michael Harder
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2025-09-15
publication date: 2025-09-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2025(4)122

Adolescent Lumbar Spondylolisthesis and a Double Major CurveScoliosis-are they Related? Can we Preserve Lumbar Motion
type: item
description: The coexistence of idiopathic scoliosis and spondylolisthesis is well documented, yet their etiological relationship remains unclear. In some cases, scoliosis may arise secondarily due to the mechanical impact of spondylolisthesis, while in others, both conditions occur independently. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl with symptomatic grade III isthmic spondylolisthesis and mild lumbar scoliosis. Conservative management failed due to non-compliance, leading to progression of both the vertebral slip and spinal curvature. Surgical stabilization of the spondylolisthesis was performed, but scoliosis continued to worsen, ultimately requiring posterior thoracic fusion T3-T12 - preserving motion of the lumbar spine. Following this, the lumbar curve improved spontaneously. At three-year follow-up, the patient remained pain-free, with reduced asymmetry and preserved function. This case illustrates the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in managing concomitant scoliosis and spondylolisthesis. Scoliotic curves in this context may be classified as idiopathic, spasm-related (functional), or olisthetic (structural). Identifying the nature of the scoliosis is essential for selecting the appropriate treatment strategy and determining whether spinal fusion should address one or both deformities. Independent idiopathic curves should be managed per standard guidelines, whereas secondary curves may improve after addressing the underlying spondylolisthesis. In patients with coexisting scoliosis and spondylolisthesis, careful assessment is needed to distinguish between idiopathic and secondary curves. Timely surgical intervention in symptomatic spondylolisthesis may prevent or reverse associated deformity, but progressive concomitant idiopathic scoliosis may still require specific surgical management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adolescent
  topic: keywords
subject: Lumbar
  topic: keywords
creator: Mineiro J J
creator: Barros A
creator: Lança N
creator: Cannas J
creator: Mineiro J
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2025(4)121

Effect of Muscle Energy Technique versus Maitland Mobilizationwith Iastm on Pain and Disability in Shoulder Periarthritis: ARandomized Controlled Trial
type: item
description: The shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) is a ball and socket joint between the scapula and humerus. It is the major joint connecting the upper limb to the trunk. It is one of the most mobile joints in the human body, at the cost of joint stability. The shoulder joint is formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. This gives rise to the alternate name for the shoulder joint. Like most synovial joints, the articulating surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage. The head of the humerus is much larger than the glenoid fossa, giving the joint a wide range of movement at the cost of inherent instability. To reduce the disproportion in surfaces, the glenoid fossa is deepened by a fibrocartilage rim, called the glenoid labrum. As a ball and socket synovial joint, there is a wide range of movement permitted: Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Internal rotation, External rotation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pain
  topic: keywords
creator: Dwarikanath Rout
creator: Birupakshya Mahakul
creator: Amitav Nayak
creator: Kanu Kaushik
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2025-06-05
publication date: 2025-06-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2025(4)120

An Odontoid Screw/Standalone Anterior Cervical Interbody CageHybrid Can Stabilize a Combined C2 Fracture: A Technical CaseReport
type: item
description: Objective: This operative case report describes the hybridization of an odontoid screw and standalone anterior cervical cage to stabilize concomitant odontoid and posterior element fractures of C2 in a single stage surgery. Background: There are a myriad of fracture patterns of the C2 vertebral body, which can occur in isolation or combination, and may complicate otherwise straightforward fixation strategies. So-called "type 3" displaced odontoid fractures with a coexisting posterior element fracture is one such scenario. The surgical treatment of these complex injuries may be optimized with innovative constructs. Case Presentation: A 30s-year-old male presented to our institution after a traumatic fall down stairs. They denied any preexisting or new neurologic deficit at the time of initial consultation. Imaging revealed a broad-based transverse fracture of the odontoid process of C2 with 6mm of anterior displacement and extension of the fracture line through the left pars interarticularis. The combination of these injuries was judged to warrant operative stabilization to prevent neurologic decline. Given the complex and likely unstable fracture pattern, patient’s age, and concern for neurologic function, a previously undescribed hybrid construct was conceived of and performed. A single odontoid screw was placed through the vertically oriented hole of a single level anterior cervical cage after C2/3 discectomy, thereby achieving fixation of the odontoid and vertebral motion segment simultaneously. Results: The operation was performed without complication. The patient had an uneventful recovery from surgery in a rigid cervical collar, and postoperative imaging demonstrated satisfactory hardware placement and early fusion of both fractures at two months. Conclusion: A previously undescribed technique of hybridizing a standalone anterior cervical cage with an odontoid screw was used to achieve simultaneous fixation of a combined odontoid and posterior element fracture…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cervical Spine
  topic: keywords
subject: Odontoid
  topic: keywords
subject: Pars Interarticularis
  topic: keywords
subject: Fusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurosurgery
  topic: keywords
subject: Case Report
  topic: keywords
creator: Ryan Neill
creator: Bradley Anderson
creator: Peter Harris
creator: Chase Foster
creator: Michael Rosner
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2025-05-08
publication date: 2025-05-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2025(4)119

Challenges and Strategies in "Spinal Damage Control" as a TreatmentModality for Unstable Vertebral Fractures in Polytrauma Patients: ANarrative Literature Review and a Proposed Algorithm
type: item
description: Introduction: Trauma is the leading cause of death in individuals aged 5 to 44 years in developed countries. Although various orthopedic protocols have been developed for treating long bone fractures, managing vertebral fractures in polytraumatized patients remains a clinical challenge. This is evidenced by the fact that mortality among these patients has remained virtually unchanged over the past 20 years. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scielo databases, covering the years 2011 to 2024. Articles most relevant to the management of unstable vertebral fractures in polytrauma patients were included. Both Spanish and English articles were reviewed. Pathophysiology: Polytraumatized patients exhibit unique physiological responses, characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory reaction following trauma, subsequently transitioning to an immunosuppressive counter-regulatory response in an effort to achieve homeostasis. While "windows of opportunity" for intervention have been extensively studied for long bone fractures, the literature on vertebral injuries remains sparse. Management: Leveraging the extensive literature on polytrauma physiology, timely intervention opportunities, the specific characteristics of vertebral trauma, and the demonstrated benefits of damage control orthopedic surgery, we propose a management algorithm. This algorithm classifies polytraumatized patients with vertebral fractures into three groups (stable, borderline, and unstable) to determine candidates for early definitive osteosynthesis versus those who would benefit from vertebral external fixation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Multiple Trauma
  topic: keywords
subject: Vertebral Fractures
  topic: keywords
subject: Fracture Fixation
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Felipe Kafury
creator: Jhonny Andrés Gómez
creator: Jorge Hernández Guevara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2025-05-05
publication date: 2025-05-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 4
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2025(4)118

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Refractive Loupes as anIntervention to Prevent Chronic Neck and Back Pain in UndergraduateDental Students- A Longitudinal Study
type: item
description: Chronic neck and back pain are prevalent among dental professionals, stemming from the static and often awkward positions required during clinical practice. This longitudinal study investigates the effectiveness of Refractive loupes, an ergonomic intervention, in mitigating such musculoskeletal issues among undergraduate dental students. Despite being advocated for posture improvement, traditional loupes may exacerbate neck pain due to prolonged static neck positions. However, the impact of ergonomic loupes, designed to maintain neutral neck positions, remains unexplored. This study enrolled undergraduate dental students from the UK and Australia, provided them with Refractive loupes, and tracked their neck and back pain scores over two years. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires assessing pain levels, posture, and loupe use history. Results indicate a significant reduction in pain incidence (15.5%) post-refractive use, with 30.6% of participants reporting pain at the study's end compared to 46.1% at the beginning of the study. Notably, 92.3% reported improved posture ratings despite 39.1% experiencing increased pain, suggesting additional factors contributing to pain development beyond posture alone. Further analysis reveals that later adoption of Refractive loupes correlates with increased pain, suggesting a potential preventive benefit if initiated earlier in dental education. Additionally, a comparison of traditional loupe users with their non-loupe-using counterparts indicates more significant pain reduction among the loupe-using cohort post-refractive use, highlighting the need for more extensive studies in this area. In conclusion, Refractive loupes effectively reduce musculoskeletal pain among undergraduate dental students. Nevertheless, challenges persist, warranting continued research into optimal intervention timing and the role of the loupe type used in pain mitigation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Neck and Back Pain
  topic: keywords
creator: Raghava N
creator: Kulkarni T
creator: Cantiveros MB
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2025-04-18
publication date: 2025-04-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2025(4)117

Assessing Barriers towards Promotion of Guyana’s Health TourismIndustry- A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Health tourism, often referred to as medical tourism, presents a promising avenue for economic growth and healthcare advancement in Guyana, a nation endowed with abundant natural resources. However, the development of health tourism is contingent upon navigating a complex landscape of barriers, encompassing infrastructure limitations, legal and governmental variables, and healthcare system-related elements. This comprehensive study aims to explore and analyze these barriers and propose strategies to facilitate the growth of health tourism in Guyana. Objectives: • To identify the primary obstacles hindering the development of health tourism in Guyana. • To recommend strategies for overcoming these barriers and fostering the growth of health tourism. Findings: Infrastructure Elements: Inadequate healthcare infrastructure, transportation, and accessibility pose significant challenges. The government and private sector initiatives, such as the development of specialty hospitals and modern healthcare facilities, show promise in addressing these infrastructure limitations. Legal and Governmental Variables (Inter-sectoral): Guyana's political stability, regulatory framework, and economic climate significantly impact health tourism. Collaborative efforts, policy reforms, and streamlined regulations are crucial to attracting internal and external investments. Health System-Related Elements (Intra-sectoral): Challenges in recruiting and retaining skilled healthcare professionals, language barriers, and human resource management are recognized obstacles. Addressing these issues requires investments in education, training, and attractive incentives for healthcare workers. Conclusion: This study highlights the multifaceted barriers to health tourism development in Guyana and underscores the importance of collaboration among stakeholders, policy reforms, infrastructure development, and investment in human resources. Overcoming these barriers will not only enhance the nation's hea…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Health Tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Guyana, Barriers
  topic: keywords
subject: Infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Framework
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare System
  topic: keywords
subject: Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: Policy Reforms
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Resources
  topic: keywords
creator: Jagnarine T
creator: Sooklall M
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2025-04-07
publication date: 2025-04-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2025(4)116

Vertebral Growth Modulation with Pedicular Tethering for theTreatment of AIS: A Proof of Concept Report
type: item
description: For the adolescents with progressive Idiopathic Scoliosis and a Cobb angle beyond 25º, bracing is still the standard of care. However, many curves will continue to deteriorate due to refractory progression, refusal to accept this type of treatment or patient noncompliance. Surgery is required when nonoperative management fails, in order to prevent curve progression, correct the deformity and to minimize morbidity but at the costs of fusing a segment of the deformed spine and loosing spinal motion. For this reason, over the last decades, surgeons have been searching for other surgical alternatives to achieve the same objectives.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vertebral Growth
  topic: keywords
creator: Jorge Mineiro
creator: Pedro Bizarro
creator: João Campagnolo
creator: André Barros
creator: Luis Barroso
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2025-02-19
publication date: 2025-02-19
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2025(4)115

Can Vertebral Pedicular Tethering Preserve Lumbar Motion in theSurgical Treatment of a Lenke 6C Idiopathic Scoliosis? -TechnicalNote
type: item
description: In the paediatric age group, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common cause of spinal deformity. When the scoliosis progresses beyond 45º of cobb angle, the optimal treatment is surgery with an arthrodesis in order to correct the deformity, stop curve progression and improve spinal balance. Although not ideal, the gold standard surgical treatment of AIS is still fusion of the structural curves but fusing long or short is a matter of the type of scoliosis. According to the Lenke Classification for a type 6C scoliosis, a deformity with a double curve where the major curve is thoracolumbar/lumbar, meaning with a cobb angle larger than in the thoracic curve, if it progresses and reaches an indication for surgery, a long extensive fusion is often required. Occasionally, a restricted number of these cases may be suitable for a shorter selected fusion that means, leaving the thoracic curve out of the arthrodesis but the main thoraco-lumbar or lumbar curve will always require to be fused.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lumbar Motion
  topic: keywords
subject: Surgical Treatment
  topic: keywords
creator: Jorge Mineiro
creator: Pedro Jordâo
creator: João Campagnolo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2025-01-21
publication date: 2025-01-21
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2025(4)114

A Case Report of Severe Clavicle Fracture and Shoulder DislocationResulting in Complete Arm Detachment Following OccupationalAccident
type: item
description: Clavicle fractures are common injuries typically caused by direct shoulder pressure from falls, vehicular accidents, or during childbirth. They present with symptoms such as severe pain, swelling, bruising, and limited shoulder movement, and are diagnosed through physical examination and imaging techniques like X-rays, CT scans, or MRI. Surgical intervention, including open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), is often necessary to stabilize the fracture. This case report describes a rare instance of a clavicle fracture leading to a full arm severance in a 45-year-old male following an industrial accident. The patient presented with severe trauma and was managed through emergency surgical intervention and multidisciplinary care. This report highlights the importance of thorough evaluation and collaboration in managing complex orthopedic injuries, emphasizing the need for effective workplace safety protocols to prevent such incidents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Severe Clavicle
  topic: keywords
creator: Rina Wijayanti Sagita
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2025-01-22
publication date: 2025-01-22
starting page: 1
ending page: 3
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2025(4)113

Spinal Cord Reperfusion Injury Syndrome: A Rare Post-SurgicalComplication after Spinal Cord Decompression that Makes theSurgeon Doubtful about his Surgical Skills
type: item
description: Background: Spinal cord reperfusion injury syndrome (SCRIS) is a very rare pathology with little literature on the subject. The pathophysiology of SCRIS/ WCS is poorly understood to date but the most widely accepted is that the sudden increase in blood flow at the level of the medullary compression area would cause the release of free radicals, causing damage to the axonal membrane. Severe or post-surgical tetraplegia together with an emergency magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in which spinal cord hyperintensity is observed on T2 will make us suspect the diagnosis once the most frequent complications of spinal cord decompression have been ruled out. Purpose: Understand and evaluate decision-making when facing a case of SCRIS/WCS. Study Setting: Case report. Objective: Evaluate the appropriate approach to SCRIS/WCS and review the literature. Clinical Observation: we report a rare case of spinal cord reperfusion injury in a 65-year-old female. The first case reported in Ecuador. Conclusion: The SCRIS/WCS is a rare pathology with little literature reported so far. The most accepted physiopathology is the sudden increase in blood flow over a chronically compressed spinal cord with the consequent increase in free radicals which lead to neural membrane injury. A very important risk factor to consider is hypertension as a history of the patient. Sudden quadriplegia or immediate post-surgical spinal cord decompression will make us request a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the possible most frequent complications, once each of them has been ruled out and with an increase in T2-weighted intensity, it will guide us towards the diagnosis. The skill and training of the surgeon is important when making decisions because the cause of this syndrome is not of mechanical origin.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Reperfusion Injury
  topic: keywords
subject: Withe Cord Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Cervical Decompressive Surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurologic Syndrome
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan Pablo Alarcon
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2024-11-30
publication date: 2024-11-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 3
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2024(3)112

Traumatic Lumbar Subdural Hematoma: Clinical Image
type: item
description: We present the case of a 21-year-old male with sudden onset back pain while exercising and one week of progressive claudication type symptoms culminating in weakness. Imaging revealed a fluid collection consistent with an early subacute subdural hematoma spanning from L3 to midsacrum with the most severe compression at L4-L5. Laminoplasty for subdural hematoma evacuation was required due to neural compression with neurologic deficit. Intraoperative imaging demonstrated good neural decompression without residual hematoma. The patient recovered to his neurologic baseline immediately postoperatively with no symptoms of recurrence over one year. Intraoperative images demonstrated unique findings not previously illustrated in the literature.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lumbar Spine
  topic: keywords
subject: Spinal Subdural Hematoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurosurgery
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical Image
  topic: keywords
creator: Ryan Neill
creator: Peter Harris
creator: Michael Rosner
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2025-11-22
publication date: 2025-11-22
starting page: 1
ending page: 2
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2024(3)111

Clinical Imaging, Anatomical and Embryological Classification of Sirenomelia, A Case Report
type: item
description: Sirenomelia or mermaid syndrome is a Very Rare congenital Defect (VRD) with a reported prevalence of 0.98 per 100,000 births, where the normally paired lower limbs are replaced by a single midline limb. With few exceptions, sirenomelia is a lethal condition in the perinatal period associated with genital, large bowel, urinary, cardiac or central nervous system defects along with other VRDs such as bladder exstrophy, cyclopia/holoprosencephaly and acardia-acephalus. Antenatal diagnosis of sirenomelia by ultrasound is often impaired by oligohydramnios resulting from the frequently associated bilateral renal a/dysgenesis. A case report describes a live birth by normal vaginal delivery presenting with a single midline limb, two feet and absence of external genitalia/anal orifice. Antenatal ultrasound scans revealed moderate to severe oligohydramnios, and poorly visualised foetal kidneys. This study describes the clinical presentation, associated malformations, and classification of sirenomelia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sirenomelia
  topic: keywords
subject: Mermaid Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Anatomical Classification
  topic: keywords
creator: Haider Hilal
creator: Sara Khan
creator: Tarek Almabrouk
creator: Attka Maryam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2024-06-20
publication date: 2024-06-20
starting page: 1
ending page: 3
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2024(3)110

Is Consenting For Blindness in Prone Spinal Procedures relevant?
type: item
description: Prone position is commonly used in spinal surgery as well as other specialties. The associated complications with this are well documented within the literature [1]. Informed consenting process for prone spinal operations should entail listing the benefits of the proposed surgical procedure as well as the known complications. The commonly quoted complications by the spinal surgeons are infection, CSF leak, bleeding including major vascular injury [2]. Neurological deficit, bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction, spinal instability, need for revision, stroke, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Blindness
  topic: keywords
subject: Prone Position
  topic: keywords
subject: Spinal Surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: Consent
  topic: keywords
creator: Balaji Douraiswami
creator: Mohammad Baraka
creator: Ardalan Zolnourian
creator: Ali Nader Sepahi
creator: Emad Shenouda
creator: Chris Dare
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2024-04-26
publication date: 2024-04-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 2
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2024(3)109

Effect of OA (Osteoarthritis) in Gym-Going Adults
type: item
description: Osteoarthritis (OA) has a profound impact on adults who engage in gym activities, influencing both their exercise choices and overall fitness experience. The degeneration of joint cartilage characteristic of OA often leads to pain and discomfort, which can significantly hinder the ability to participate in certain workouts. A study published in the "American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation" found that individuals with knee OA reported increased pain levels during weight-bearing exercises, reinforcing the notion that joint stress during physical activity can exacerbate. The "Journal of Orthopaedic Research" highlights the correlation between joint stiffness and reduced physical activity levels in individuals with hip OA, underscoring its impact on mobility and exercise engagement. The reduced range of motion associated with OA further limits exercise options, emphasizing the importance of tailored fitness plans that accommodate joint limitations. Individuals with OA must adopt an individualized and adaptive approach to gym activities, incorporating low-impact exercises, joint protection strategies, and regular consultations with healthcare professionals to manage the unique challenges posed by this degenerative joint condition while maintaining an active and healthy lifestyle [1-3]. Exercise has been shown to have a stronger impact on physical function than osteoarthritis pain. Consequently, research to date indicates that exercise has only marginally positive effects on hip OA patients, with function seeming to outweigh pain [4]. Numerous exercise regimens, along with muscle strengthening (resistance training), stretching, range-of-motion exercises, cardiovascular and aerobic conditioning (walking and cycling), neuromuscular exercises, balance training, and Tai Chi, have been documented in the literature for individuals with OA. Exercise that strengthens has a big impact on results. Similar advantages have been observed with strengthening workouts that…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Introduction
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Etiopathogenesis
  topic: keywords
subject: Grades
  topic: keywords
subject: Types
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical Features
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Differential Diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Investigations
  topic: keywords
subject: X-Ray Findings
  topic: keywords
subject: Recognizing the Potential Benefits of Exercise in Managing Their Condition
  topic: keywords
subject: Gym in OA
  topic: keywords
subject: The Importance of Gym Exercises in Various Stages of OA
  topic: keywords
creator: Jasleen Kaur Grover
creator: Akshat Pandey
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2024-02-28
publication date: 2024-02-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2024(3)108

Impact of Specific Training for Fear Avoidance Beliefs Training onPatients with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain
type: item
description: Background: Fear-avoidance beliefs (FAB) are related to disability, postural stability, and chronicity of low back pain. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of specific training for FAB on postural stability, disability, pain, abdominal and back muscle endurance, and FAB in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NCLBP). Methods: In this queasy experimental study, 51 subjects (27 females and 24 males) with NCLBP were evaluated. Pain intensity, FAB and disability were measured using questionnaires and Postural stability was measured using force plate. Abdominal and back muscle endurance were measured respectively by sit up and Sorensen tests. All the tests were repeated one week and one month after a short-term specific training for FAB. Mixed model repeated measure test was used to compare variables before and after intervention and to evaluate the relation of changes in FAB and pain intensity with changes in parameter of postural stability. Results: After the intervention, pain intensity, FAB score, and disability score decreased significantly, the time of sit up, Sorensen and single leg stance tests increased significantly. Center of pressure (COP) excursion and velocity decreased significantly but they were not related to FAB significantly. Conclusion: Specific training for FAB resulted in decreasing pain intensity, FAB and disability scores and improved postural stability as well as increasing the time of sit up, Sorensen and single leg stance tests in patients with CLBP.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Postural Stability
  topic: keywords
subject: Fear Avoidance Beliefs
  topic: keywords
subject: Training
  topic: keywords
creator: Marzieh Saeidi
creator: Abdolkarim Karimi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2023-05-30
publication date: 2023-05-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2023(2)107

Oswestry Disability Index Scores and the Relationship to Age, Genderand Diagnosis in a Cohort of Patients with Low Back Pain
type: item
description: Background: The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is a commonly used patient reported outcome measure for measuring disability and Quality of Life (QOL) impairment in adult patients in both clinical and research practice. Whilst excellent reliability has been demonstrated the effect of variables such as gender and age on ODI scores appear less well reported. Objective: This study explores the relationship between total ODI scores and factors such as age, gender and diagnosis in a group of low back pain patients. Methods: All patients attending a Spinal Assessment Clinic (SAC) completed the ODI questionnaire at their initial appointment. Data was also collected on age, gender and provisional diagnosis. Results: ODI summary scores were available for 573 patients, with non-specific pain (n=444, 77%), lumbar radiculopathy (n=87, 15%) and spinal claudication (n=42, 7%). Only gender was related to ODI score, with females reporting higher ODI scores across all diagnostic categories, although the average difference between male and female scores failed to reach the Minimally Clinically Important Difference in all categories. Conclusions: A patient’s self-reported levels of disability, as measured by the ODI are influenced by their gender more than by their diagnosis or age.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Outcome Measure
  topic: keywords
subject: Low Back Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Age
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Oswestry Disability Index
  topic: keywords
creator: Steve Milanese
creator: Matthew Beard
creator: Mark Jarrett
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2022-11-21
publication date: 2022-11-21
starting page: 1
ending page: 3
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2022(1)106

How do Buddhists Handle Coronavirus: Meditate for your Telomere?
type: item
description: Since the emergence of COVID-19, the Dalai Lama, other senior monks and Buddhist organizations in Asia and worldwide have emphasized that this pandemic calls for meditation, compassion, generosity and gratitude. Such messages reinforce a common view in the West of Buddhism as more philosophy than religion–a spiritual, perhaps, but secular practice associated with mindfulness, happiness and stress reduction. But for many people around the world Buddhism is a religion – a belief system that includes strong faith in supernatural powers. As such, Buddhism has a large repertoire of healing rituals that go well beyond meditation. There are three main schools of traditional Buddhism: Theravāda, practiced in most of Southeast Asia; Mahāyāna, the form most prevalent in East Asia; and Vajrayāna, commonly associated with Tibet and the Himalayan region. In Buddhist-majority places, the official COVID-19 pandemic response includes conventional emergency health and sanitation measures like recommending face masks, hand-washing and stay-at-home orders. But within religious communities, Buddhist leaders also are using a range of ritual apotropaics – magical protection rites – to protect against disease.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Buddhists Handle Coronavirus
  topic: keywords
subject: Telomere
  topic: keywords
creator: Ven Dr. Sumedh Thero
creator: Jitendra Morya
creator: Kataria HB
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2022-08-27
publication date: 2022-08-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 3
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2022(1)105

Cervical Spine Injuries Most Commonly Occur in Traffic Accidents
type: item
description: The spine is made up of vertebrae, ring-shaped bones that line up in a row to form the spinal canal. Inside the spinal canal is the spinal cord - a bundle of nerve fibers and cells that conduct nerve impulses from the brain to various parts of the body and vice versa. The individual nerves that exit the spinal canal are separated from the spinal cord. In vertebral fractures, bone fragments can injure the spinal cord, leading to partial or complete muscle loss and loss of sensation below the level of the injury. The spinal cord can be damaged at the very moment of the vertebral injury, but also later when moving and carrying the injured person. Injuries occur when direct physical force damages the vertebrae, ligaments or discs of the spine, causing crushing, crushing or rupture of brain tissue, and penetrating brain injuries. Such injuries can also lead to vascular damage leading to ischemia or hematoma causing additional damage. All types of injuries can cause brain edema which further reduces blood flow and oxygenation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cervical Spine
  topic: keywords
subject: Suspicion
  topic: keywords
subject: Intubation
  topic: keywords
subject: Injury
  topic: keywords
subject: CT
  topic: keywords
creator: Siniša Franjić
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2022-08-10
publication date: 2022-08-10
starting page: 1
ending page: 4
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2022(1)104

The Psychiatric Manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis and their Treatment with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Literature Review and Case Report
type: item
description: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It could be manifested by physical and psychological symptoms. The historical background, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of MS with disease-modifying therapies are briefly summarized. The psychiatric manifestations of MS and their treatment are reviewed and include major depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis, anxiety, insomnia, personality changes, cognitive impairment, pseudobulbar affect and substance use disorders.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Multiple Sclerosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Disability
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychiatric Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Disease-Modifying Therapies
  topic: keywords
creator: Hani Raoul Khouzam
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2022(1)103

The Role of Buddhism Meditation in Spinal Cord Healing
type: item
description: Meditation lets you become more aware and more purposeful about your actions. It teaches you how to respond, rather than react, to situations in your life. Meditation sounds simple. But it takes discipline to remain still in body and mind. You have to block out the world around you and quiet your thoughts. You also need to practice at least 10 to 20 minutes a day to get the most out of your meditation. The benefits of meditation include: Lower blood pressure, Decreased pain, Better immune system function, Better mood and brain function. Thus there are many theories about how meditation may improve your physical and mental health. One theory is that it reduces activity of the sympathetic nervous system. This leads to a slower heart rate, lower blood pressure, slower breathing, and muscle relaxation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lower Blood Pressure
  topic: keywords
subject: Decreased Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Better Immune System Function
  topic: keywords
subject: Cord Healing
  topic: keywords
creator: Ven Sumedh Thero
creator: H B Kataria
creator: Aditiya Suman
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2022-02-25
publication date: 2022-02-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2022(1)102

Pain Remission in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis with Venlafaxine
type: item
description: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a progressive chronic spine condition that is manifested by inflammation that primarily involves the sacroiliac joints. This case report summarizes the diagnosis and the available treatments of AS and then describes a 40-year-old gentleman with AS who experienced a marked decrease in pain when the antidepressant venlafaxine was added during treatment of an episode of major depressive disorder (MDD). The patient wanted to indefinitely maintain venlafaxine treatment for the management of AS associated chronic pain which contributed to his permanent disability and unemployability. The outcome of this single case report is incidental and could not be generalized or implemented as an evidence-based intervention for pain management in AS. Further randomized clinical trials (RTCs) need to be conducted to confirm the beneficial effects of antidepressants in alleviating AS associated pain.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ankylosing
  topic: keywords
subject: Spondylitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Disability
  topic: keywords
subject: Treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: Antidepressants
  topic: keywords
subject: Venlafaxine
  topic: keywords
creator: Hani Raoul Khouzam
creator: John Tran
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
date: 2022-02-25
publication date: 2022-02-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 4
doi: 10.47363/JSRR/2022(1)101