New Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Kawasaki Disease

Abstract

Objective: To explore the latest research methods and information on the diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease.

Results: In recent years, the research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease worldwide has been rapid, mainly focusing on five aspects: etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment guidelines, expert consensus, and long-term management. The main pathogenesis theories include genetic susceptibility and infection trigger hypotheses, with the core role of the IL-1 pathway being clarified, and a deeper understanding of incomplete Kawasaki disease relying on ultrasound and biomarkers (NT-proBNP); the Z-score assessment has been promoted. The treatment mainly involves the use of biological agents such as infliximab and anakinra as standard second-line options; for high-risk patients, initial combination with hormones has become a new strategy.

Conclusion: Further strengthening of basic and clinical research on Kawasaki disease is still needed. Future research directions will focus on finding specific etiological factors and diagnostic biomarkers; developing more precise individualized initial treatment plans to minimize drug resistance and coronary artery damage; and deepening the understanding of the mechanisms of long-term sequelae and optimizing management strategies for the pre-adult period.