Journal of Life Sciences Research and Reviews
Journal of Life Sciences Research and Reviews is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, Video and Power-Point Presentations from the arena of Life Sciences Research and Reviews. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of Research, Review, Case Reports, Analysis, Magazines, Editorials, Opinion, Communications, Mini-Review, Short Communications, Picturized, Book Review, Video Type and Power Point Presentations (PPTs). Articles can be submitted through online from https://srcpublishers.com/life-sciences-research-and-revie/user/register or can send through an E-mail with attachment to lifesciences@onlinescientificresearch.info 0.35 Impact Factor 84.5% Citations 90% Acceptance
The Invisible Soul Governs the Thought and Health
The nature of the soul has long divided philosophy, with Platonic dualism affirming an immaterial, enduring soul and modern physicalism reducing consciousness to brain activity. This paper proposes a functional framework based on the teachings of Dharma Master Jun Hong Lu in the Guan Yin Citta Dharma Door. It presents the soul as an invisible “governor” that directs thought, behavior, moral agency, and even physical health. Human life is understood as a composite of soul and body, comparable to a driver operating a vehicle. When the original soul governs the body, mental clarity and health prevail. However, due to karmic causes, external spirits—souls of deceased humans or animals—may attach to or interfere with this governance, leading to altered cognition, abnormal behavior, and persistent mental or physical conditions. The soul continues after death, cycling through the Six Realms of Rebirth according to karma, and may become fragmented under heavy negative karma. Dharma practices are presented as a means of repaying karmic debts, restoring the soul’s control and improving well-being. This framework seeks to bridge the gap between dualism and materialism by emphasizing observable outcomes, particularly reported recoveries following spiritual intervention. It argues that a complete understanding of human nature requires engagement with spiritual reality, and that true philosophical inquiry depends on experiential insight gained through disciplined Buddhist practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Life Sciences Research and Reviews
Pharmaceutical Approaches for Sustained Release Drug Deliverin Diabetes Management
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, with 537 million adults worldwide living with it in 2021 and predictions estimating that the number may rise to over 783 million by 2045. Current immediate-release antidiabetic treatment options have limitations, such as short half-lives, large peak-trough fluctuations in plasma concentrations, and low patient compliance, leading to a strong interest in Sustained-Release (SR) drug delivery systems. In an effort to review advances in SR drug delivery systems, a wide variety of new technologies and methods have been established. The first section of this review will provide a detailed overview of advanced polymeric matrix systems and nano-carrier systems that help deliver SR drugs, including poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA), chitosan nanoparticles, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN), Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC), liposomes, and dendrimers. The second section of this report will review new ways to deliver drugs, including experimental pH, glucose, and temperature-responsive hydrogels; gastro retentive formulations; transdermal systems using microneedles; and implantable systems. The third section of this review will also discuss new technologies that may be used as SR delivery systems, including 3D-printed dosage forms, exosome based delivery, oral insulin delivery systems using an excipient SNAC, and glucose-responsive “smart” systems. Pharmacokinetic advantages of these technologies, drug release mechanisms, currently available SR products on the market, regulatory issues, and future directions to connect research with diabetes care will also be discussed.
Pre Extension Demonstration of Production of Coffea Arabica Mono Floral Honey Production at South Western Oromia, Ethiopia
This research activity is conducted with the main objectives to evaluate and demonstrate production of Coffea arabica mono floral honey under farmers’ management and create awareness on the importance of the technology. As to the method, selection of two sites and 20 beekeepers were undertaken for technology evaluation. Group apiaries used as centers of learning and technology evaluation. At each sites, farmers, development agents and experts trained and experimental colonies established. Honeybee colony follow up and technology evaluation activities undertaken in partnership with beekeepers, development agents and experts. Better honey yield on average of 16.2kg per hive pure honey harvested from honeybee colonies under management for demonstration. Additionally, 13.2kg per hive pure coffee honey harvested after a month from honeybee colonies mentioned above. In monetary value, the beekeepers obtained net additional 15,070 Birr per hive from improved management practices under coffee honey production from sell of coffee honey. From the results of the demonstration, awareness creation on improved beekeeping management practices that improve yield per hive and increase frequency of honey harvest per year is critical for our beekeepers. Therefore, it is suggested to further pre scale up the technology in other areas
Integrated Mosquito Management by Simple Eco-Friendly Technology
Mosquito is one of the threatened insect pests. It acts as a vector of various diseases like malaria, dengue, filaria, chikungunya, etc. It breeds well in water with organic matter. Thus, a study was made to enquire the actual safe breeding place of this insect. It is proved that most of the mosquitoes (54%) breed well in septic tank water of sanitary latrine. Adult enters the septic tank through outlet pipe and completed the life cycle safely and emerged out either through water outlet or gas pipe. In this paper, a simple technological alteration was devised with normal sanitary latrine i.e. outlet pipe of the septic tank was made U-shaped instead of straight, so that U-shaped tube always holds some running water to prevent the entry of adult gravid female mosquito. The top of the gas pipe is also netted properly with rust proof net. About (17%) mosquitoes breed in the stagnant water of discarded earthen vessels and coconut shell. In this project paper discarded coconut shell and earthen vessels were reused to produce saplings instead of plastic bags in agricultural nursery and others. Mixture of Pudina (Mentha spicata) and neem (Azadirachta indica) herbal eco-friendly mosquito repellent sticks, spray and pudina oil were also effectively used to combat adult mosquito and its larvae. Thus, an integrated mosquito population management was attempted in a local area of Berhampore town (24.09° N, 88.26° E) also to reduce the use of plastic bags to produce sapling in nursery and others.
The evolution of human intelligence is discussed as the latest of life’s algorithms for constructing digital models of the nonliving cosmos. Integral parts of this process on Earth have included life’s role in establishing spacetime and in devising DNA. Some effects of intelligence on animal life are described, including the introduction of consciousness. The growth of knowledge as part of human culture is summarized and some possible effects of introducing artificial intelligence are predicted.
Remote Monitoring Interventions in Chronic Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, with Trial Sequential Analysis and GRADE Assessment
Background: Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) affects over 64 million people globally, with high hospitalization rates and 5-year mortality comparable to many cancers. Remote monitoring Strategies-Structured Telephone Support (STS), Non-Invasive Telemonitoring (NIT), Wearable Sensors (WMS), implantable pulmonary artery pressure sensors (IPAP), AI-Assisted Integrated Remote Management (AI-IRM), and Combined Multimodal Programs (CMP)-have been widely studied, but their comparative effectiveness has not been systematically assessed in a Network Meta-Analysis (NMA). Methods and Findings: We systematically searched multiple databases through 15 December 2025. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization; secondary outcomes included cardiovascular mortality, quality of life, exercise capacity, NT-proBNP, NYHA class, and cost-effectiveness. Two reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using RoB 2; certainty was rated with GRADE. We identified 112 RCTs enrolling 68,420 patients across 34 countries. IPAP ranked highest for mortality (SUCRA 87%; RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.91, moderate certainty) and HF hospitalization (SUCRA 91%; RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.56–0.75, high certainty). AI-IRM ranked second for both outcomes (mortality SUCRA 74%; RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73–0.94, low certainty; HF hospitalization SUCRA 79%; RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.82, moderate certainty). STS and NIT provided modest, low-certainty reductions (RR 0.88–0.90). Trial sequential analysis confirmed conclusive evidence for IPAP. Network consistency was acceptable (Q_inc P = 0.21). Conclusions: IPAP offers the most robust and clinically meaningful benefit for HFrEF patients. AI-IRM is a promising emerging approach requiring confirmatory trials. STS and NIT remain appropriate for patient’s ineligible for advanced monitoring. Evidence gaps in HFpEF and in low- and middleincome settings define key priorities for future research.
The Mechanism of Graft Compatibility: Mineral Element Synergy in a Pluot-Apricot System
‘Dinosaur Egg’ (Prunus domestica × P. armeniaca Konglongdan) pluot grafted onto Siberian apricot (Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam.) rootstocks exhibited incompatibility symptoms five years post-grafting, including leaf yellowing, abnormal swelling at the graft union, growth retardation, and weakened tree vigor. These symptoms led to plant breakage under high winds, causing significant economic losses in agricultural production. However, research on graft compatibility in ‘Dinosaur Egg’ remains limited. This study therefore investigates mineral element dynamics by quantifying twelve elements - nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), and sodium (Na) - in rootstocks and scions of compatible and incompatible graft combinations. Through significance analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis, this study investigates the relationship between the mineral element content of rootstock–scion and the graft compatibility in ‘Dinosaur Egg’ pluot. Results demonstrated that in compatible ‘Dinosaur Egg’ graft combinations, concentrations of metal cations (K, Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Zn) were significantly higher than in incompatible combinations. Elements exhibited predominantly positive correlations, with only Cu and Mo forming an antagonistic pair, collectively establishing a stable “Cu-core + multi-element synergy” network. Conversely, incompatible combinations showed abnormal elevations in N, P, Fe, Mo, and Na concentrations, with disordered elemental associations forming a discordant “Mo-Na localized synergy + Na-K antagonistic pair” pattern. Principal component analysis revealed clear separation between compatible and incompatible combinations along PC1 and PC2 dimensions. Reduced compatibility likely contributes to excessive N and P accumulation in scions and impaired transport of K, Fe, and Cu.
Participatory Epidemiological Study on Major Livestock Diseases in Selected Districts of Korahay and Dollo Zones in the Somali Region, Ethiopia
Livestock play a crucial role in the livelihood of pastoral communities in Ethiopia's Somali Region, but their productivity is hindered by widespread endemic and transboundary diseases. A participatory epidemiological study, conducted from June 25 to July 30, 2025, in five districts of the Korahay and Dollo zones, aimed to identify and prioritize major livestock diseases, assess seasonal trends, and understand community perceptions. Participatory methods such as focus group discussions, proportional piling, pairwise scoring, matrix scoring, and seasonal calendaring were used, involving livestock owners, herders, local veterinary personnel, and community leaders. Among livestock species, goats were ranked as the most important, followed by sheep, camels, cattle, and donkeys. The top five livestock diseases identified were Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (14.2%), Peste des Petits Ruminants (13.0%), Hemorrhagic Septicemia (12.0%), Sheep and Goat Pox (11.0%), and Trypanosomiasis (9.8%) respectively. The study revealed a high and statistically significant agreement (W = 0.886, p < 0.001) across the five districts regarding the prioritization of major livestock diseases, indicating consistent perceptions throughout the study areas. CCPP and PPR were perceived as the most severe and transmissible, particularly during the summer season, due to livestock congregation around water sources. SGP and Trypanosomiasis peak in the spring and autumn seasons, respectively, while Hemorrhagic Septicemia occurs mostly in the winter. The main challenges identified by the community were animal disease as the top priority, followed by drought, limited access to veterinary services, and scarcity of feed and water resources. The study recommended the setup of mobile veterinary clinics, seasonal vaccination campaigns targeting CCPP and PPR, integrated participatory and conventional disease diagnosis, water harvesting for fodder production, pastoral education on biosecurity, collaboration with neighboring regions to control cross-border diseases, and the integration of livestock health programs. The study highlights the effectiveness of participatory epidemiology in guiding community-based solutions to livestock health challenges in pastoral areas of Ethiopia's Somali Region.
Diseases, Livestock, Pastoralsist, Particpatory Epidemiology, Somali Region, Ethiopia
Evaluation of Traditional Medicine to Cure Sickle Cell Anaemia
According to this assessment, medicinal plants have shown to be an invaluable tool in the treatment of a wide range of illnesses in underdeveloped nations, including sickle cell disease. Due to cultural choices and the high expense of conventional treatment, many people in both industrialised and developing nations rely significantly on traditional medicine. The bioactive compounds responsible for the therapeutic effects of these plants are often unidentified, and traditional healers emphasise a holistic approach in their treatments. These therapeutic compounds are referred to as the “active principles” of the plants. In the context of sickle cell anaemia, herbal medicine plays a crucial role. Research indicates that while the gene causing the disease is dominant and highly expressive, males are more affected than females, whereas females usually act as carriers because the gene is recessive. Numerous plants with immunomodulatory effects have been reported in the literature, and some of these have been validated through the use of contemporary scientific techniques. The usefulness of several Phyto materials in treating sickle cell disease has been documented. These include of Zanthoxylum Chalkbeat, Cajanus cajan, Garcinia kola Heckel, Carica papaya, Scoparia dulcis, etc. and *Aloe vera* can reduce sickling in vitro and lengthen the gelling period of sickle cell blood. These findings indicated that these plants have a great deal of possibilities for treating sickle cell diseases.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Life Sciences Research and Reviews
Patho-Epidemiological Study of Chronic Respiratory Disease(CRD) in Commercial Layer Chickens: A Case Report
Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD), caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum, is one of the most economically significant diseases of poultry worldwide. This case report describes the clinical, pathological, and epidemiological features of CRD in a commercial layer flock in Jigjiga, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia. A total of 5,100layer chickens reared under a deep litter system were affected. The outbreak resulted in 505 deaths, representing an overall mortality of 9.90%, and 1,417 clinically affected birds, giving a morbidity rate of 27.78%. Morbidity and mortality were higher in Block B (33.11% and 10.88%) than in Block A (25.11% and 9.41%), indicating increased susceptibility among older birds. Clinically, affected chickens exhibited respiratory distress, coughing, nasal discharge, and open-mouth breathing. Postmortem findings included catarrhal exudate in the trachea and bronchi, cloudy and foamy air sacs, and air sacculitis. Based on clinical signs and gross pathology, the condition was diagnosed as CRD. Treatment with Tylosin 20% (0.5 g/L of drinking water), coupled with improved ventilation, reduced overcrowding, and strict biosecurity, resulted in recovery of the flock. The study highlights the continued importance of CRD as a major health and economic threat in layer operations and underscores the need for routine monitoring, early diagnosis, and effective preventive measures.
Prevalence of Nasal Carriage of MRSA among University Students at National Ribat University, 2022
Staphylococcus aureus is considered to be a persistent member of the human endogenous microbiota and has historically been associated with important and serious cases of infection. It has the ability to rapidly develop resistance to antibiotics. Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered to be a paradigm for bacterial infections, since it is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality.
Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis and its Associated Risk Factor Sin and Around Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia
Bovine mastitis has a substantial effect on dairy production, financial loss, and public health in addition to the health and welfare of animals. A crosssectional study design was conducted from August 2024 to September 2024 in and around Bahir Dar Town to determine the prevalence and risk factor associated with bovinemastitis occurrence. Atotal of 311lactatingcowswereselected using simple random sampling techniques. Clinical examination and California Mastitis Test (CMT) were used for detection of clinical and subclinical mastitis respectively. Based on CMT (25. 2%). From these, 12 (3. 7%) and 67 (21. 54%) were clinical and subclinical mastitis prevalence respectively. The Overall quarter-level prevalence was 138 (11%). The prevalence of mastitis based on age were 21 (20%) in young. It is statistically significantly with other age groups. 25 (22. 7%) OR=0. 46, P (0. 37) ≥0. 05, 95%CL0. 08-2. 54 in adult and 33 (34. 4%) OR=1. 46, P (0. 64), 95%CL0. 29-7. 12 in old cows. Which has not statistically significant. However, the difference in prevalence between age was not statically significant (P>0. 05). Cows during early stage of lactation had higher mastitis prevalence 32 (32%) than middle 20 (16. 5%) and late 27 (30%) stage of lactation and the difference was statistically significant (P (0. 00) < 0. 05). Body condition also consider as other risk factor for mastitis occurrence and the prevalence was 37 (18. 5%) in good and 42 (37. 8%) in poor body condition and there were highly statistically significant (P< 0. 05). Prevalence of mastitis was30 (49. 1%) in tick infested animals and there were highly statically significant (P (0. 01) <0. 05). The prevalence of mastitis was 34 (17. 9%) in concrete and45 (28%) in muddy floor type and there was highly statistically significant (P<0. 05). Factors associated with mastitis prevalence were cleanliness (hand and udder washing before milking), farmers’ awareness of mastitis, the cow’s parity and lactation stage, and herd size. The present study has shown that mastitis, particularly sub-clinical type, is a widely prevalent disease of dairy cows in and around Bahir Dar city. Thus, the need for applying feasible mastitis intervention strategy with special emphasis on sub-clinical mastitis should be implemented.
The Fixation-Projection Framework: A Comparison with other Key Models of Consciousness
This paper introduces the Fixation-Projection Framework (F-P), a conceptual framework that models the brain as a fixation–projection system. Fixations are defined as functional set points instantiated in biological tissue, from synaptic stabilizations to beliefs, while and projections are cast as the remapping and transmission of fixated content. Based on this, it is argued that the F-P framework serves as a parsimonious organizing principle, coherently contextualizing and relating other major theories of consciousness. Its goal is not to supplant these models, rather, it integrates them within a unified dialectic. For example, Global Neuronal Workspace, Integrated Information, Higher-Order Thought, Predictive Processing, and Attention Schema theories can all be seen as describing specific instantiations of the more general fixation-projection dynamic. The framework, however, additionally demonstrates its utility by offering explanations for phenomena that are often treated as outliers in these models, such as non-predictive resonant states (e.g., flow, aesthetic experience) and the functional role of dreams in unconscious self-revision. Furthermore, the framework generates a novel, six-stage model of projection withdrawal mechanistically grounded in neural decoupling and Default Mode Network activity as a proposed pathway to self-knowledge and autopraxis (self-guided transformation). By synthesizing these elements, F-P offers a unified, biologically-grounded dialectic for analyzing consciousness across scales, from molecular processes to complex human experience, and provides a foundation for novel, testable predictions.
Unseen Burden: How Human Emotion Shapes Mortality Rates
The goal this comprehensive review is to examine the adverse effects of emotions, especially depression, anxiety, and overthinking, on human mortality. We investigate complex physiological and psychological pathways by which emotional states can affect health, from cardiovascular disease to impaired immune function. We link current scientific knowledge to provide an alternative way of conceptualizing how mental health impacts longevity and health in everyone. Our objective is to provide meaningful information for scientific and non-scientific readers alike, and to demonstrate the need for addressing pathogens of emotional well-being. This review provides insight into how pathways from mortality can be significantly altered based on how we cope with acute and chronic stress, demonstrating the interdependence of life sciences to combat a national and global health crisis.
A Comparison between Quality of Formal Benzene Concentration Technique and other Techniques used for the Detection of Intestinal Parasites in Sudan - Jabal Awliya Locality
Introduction: Intestinal parasites are considered as one of a priority for public health in the world, in the Sudan, they represent a main encumbrance of health helmsmen due to their high risk in the communities causing morbidity and mortality. Objective: The randomness abodes, illiteracy and keep away of using different: concentration techniques, can lead to arduousness management of such infections. Method: 102 randomizes collected stool samples from out patients in public laboratory forms the governmental sector were enrolled in this study. The study subjects were concerned for quality of stool examination techniques slides based on intestinal parasites identification (wet preparation and concentration methods) using some detergents with plausible Performance to investigate the quality and competency of them under microscope. Results: of 102 stool samples contacted as responded, this study showed that, the gasoline was gave positivity more than other chemicals used. Benzene gave congenial results, and enable assimilates to stool concentration techniques solvents for intestinal parasite detection, but it needs further search to be so. And the sensitivity and specificity degree, both are low. Conclusion: The study concluded that accurate diagnosis needs to be making concentration techniques necessary for public and private laboratories services to ensure quality of diagnosis.
Epidemiological Study of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Selected Districts of Western Amhara Region
A cross sectional and retrospective epidemiological study were conducted from November 2015 to March 2016 in five selected districts of Western Amhara Region, to estimate the seroprevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, identify the predisposing factors for the occurrence of the disease and to describe the distribution of the disease. Systematic random sampling was used to sample individual animals. A total of 328 sera were tested for the presence of specific antibodies against Mycoplasma mycoides sub species mycoides small colony (Mmmsc), using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The risk factors that were evaluated in this study were location, agro ecology, age, sex, and body condition. The overall seroprevalence in this study was 21.04% (95% Confidence interval: 16.6, 25.5). The seroprevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia at the district level was 13.4%, 20%, 21.6%, 19.4% and 28.6% in West Belessa, Fogera, Mecha, Javie-Tenan, and Guangua districts, respectively. Seroprevalence variation was not statistically significant (p> 0.05) among the study districts. Significant variation was observed only between West Belessa and Guangua districts in univariable analysis. Among the putative host and environment related risk factors only body condition was found statistically significant (P<0.05). The outbreak record indicated that Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia outbreaks occurred each year in western Amhara Region with total outbreaks of 11 in the years 2010 to 2014. The highest number of outbreaks was reported in West Gojjam followed by Awi and East Gojjam zone and one outbreak was recorded in both North and South Gondar zones within the five years period. In conclusion, the serological findings and retrospective data analysis indicated that Contagious Bovine Pleuropnemonia is widely distributed and endemic in western Amhara Region and hence appropriate control measures including regular surveillance and vaccination to mitigate the problem should be implemented.
Review on Bovine Schstosomiasis: Economic Importance and Status in Ethiopia
Parasitisms are one major problems of livestock production in Ethiopia. Schistosomiasis has an economical important disease in sub Saharan African country including Ethiopia. It is one of zonotic important disease cause illness in humans. Schistosomes are members of the genus Schistosoma, family Schistosomatidae. Schistosomes are dioecious (unisexual) worms, which are an exception among trematodes and have an indirect life cycle Adult worms are obligate parasites of the vascular system of vertebrates Transmissions occur through Schistosoma parasites can penetrate the skin of individuals who come in contact with contaminated water, typically when they are watering, grassing, swimming, or washing. Pathogenesis is due to the adult schistosoma in the egg laying stage due to the irritation caused by the eggs lodged in the tissues, which are forced to find their way through small venules to the epithelium and lumen of the gut. Clinical signs ranging from acute form (profuse diarrhea and dysentery, dehydration, anorexia, anurea) chronic form i.e formation of inflammatory foci, granuloma, fibrosis, and ultimately the obstruction of portal irrigation. Diagnosis is based on the clinico-pathological picture, parasitological techniques and post mortem findings. Several drugs such as trivalent antimonials lucanthone, hycanthone, nitridazole, trichlorphan, haoxon, amoscanate and praziquantel have been used to treat visceral and nasal schistosomiasis but praziquantel is drug of choice for the treatment of b.schistosomiasis. A combination of control measures included drainage, fencing, and snail control in the long run; regular strategic deworming; grazing management apply to control and prevent the disease. The economic impact of schistosomiasis and the underlying tradeoffs between water resources development and public health concerns have yet to be quantified. In this review the prevalence is ranging from to low 5.7% (in and aroundNekemte, East Wollega zone, Western Ethiopia) to high 26.3% (in and Around Gozamen District, Northwest Ethiopia).
Review on an Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis in Ethiopia and its Public Health Importance
Schistosomiasis or Bilharziasis is a disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma with different species. Schistosomes are dioecious (separate sex) trematodes or flukes with flat bodies which live in the vascular systems (mesenteric vein, portal vein), bladder and typically in other organs of their definitive hosts. The distribution of Schistosoma infection varies from place to place. Schistosomiasis is common in many tropical and sub tropical areas as well as in Africa, Asia and India. Schistosomabovis S.mattheei, S.intercalatum, S. spindale, S.nasalis and S.indicumhave significant veterinary important in livestock production in Africa, Asia, and south Europe. The distribution of Schistosoma infection varies from place to place. Schistosomabovis is the commonest species in Africa and Mediterranean region. The definitive hosts of Schistosoma species are mammals. Mainly, cattle and sheep, as well as human being serve as final host for Schistosomiasis. worms, Schistosoma parasites have an indirect life cycle, while water snail act as an intermediate host belong to the genera Bullinus and Physopsis. Embryonated eggs of Schistosoma are excreted through faeces, urine and nasal discharge from definitive host, depending on the localization of the species. Infection hosts occur through skin penetration typically when they are watering, grazing, swimming, or washing with in contaminated water in which certain types of snails that can carry the parasite are present. Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases and an important public health problem in many developing countries. It is prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical areas, especially in poor communities that had low access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. The drug of choice for all species of Schistosomiasis is praziquantel. Control measures of Schistosomiasis are applying based on interrupting the epidemiological cycle of the parasite by removing the adult parasites with chemotherapy, by eliminating the intermediate host (snail) with molluscicides and habitat modification and preventing access of definitive hosts to natural water course contaminated with cercariae.
New Therapeutics Approaches in the Autoimmune Field
The immune system is critical in defending the body against pathogens and foreign substances through innate and adaptive responses. However, dysregulation of these immune reactions can result in autoimmune diseases, where the immune system erroneously targets self-tissues. Autoimmunity is influenced by multiple factors, with specific susceptibility genes and environmental triggers contributing to disease onset and progression. Traditional treatments for autoimmune diseases, such as immunosuppressants and biologic agents, aim to manage symptoms but often fail to address the root cause of immune tolerance breakdown, leading to limited efficacy and adverse effects. In recent years, nanoparticles have emerged as potential immunomodulatory agents, offering novel therapeutic strategies targeting key immune components. Cationic nanoparticles, particularly poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, can interact with extracellular nucleic acids, modulate macrophage polarization, and induce immune tolerance, thereby reducing inflammation and autoimmune activity. These nanoparticles hold promise in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes. Despite their potential, challenges remain in optimizing nanoparticle formulations, understanding their long-term effects, and ensuring clinical safety. Future research focusing on improving targeting efficiency, reducing toxicity, and validating clinical outcomes will translate these innovative therapies into effective treatments for autoimmune diseases.
Review on Novel Coronavirus or Sars-Cov2 Covid-19 on Animals
Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to Nidovirales order, Coronaviridae family, Coronavirinae subfamily. CoVs contain the largest RNA genome, ranging from 25 to 33 kilobases in length. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, CoVs are classifi ed into four genera, alpha, beta, gamma, and delta CoVs. CoVs of each genus Only the alpha- and betacoronavirus genera are found in diverse animal species including horses, cows, pigs, dogs, cats, birds, and ferrets and cause respiratory, enteric, hepatitic, renal, neurological, and other diseases. COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus. There are many other types of coronaviruses that can infect animals. Some of these may cause animals to become sick. They are different to the COVID-19 virus. Natural SARS-CoV-2 infections associated with zoonotic transmission have been identified in pets such as cats and dogs, farmed wildlife such as minks and ferrets, zoo animals such as tigers and lions, and free-ranging wildlife such as white-tailed deer Preliminary finding from studies suggest that poultry and pigs are not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19 infection. There is currently no specific treatment against COVID-19 infection. The first COVID-19 vaccine for animals (Carnivac-Cov) developed by Russia have been shown to elicit robust responses in animals vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection such as dogs, cats, foxes, and minks. This paper provides a brief historical overview of novel coronavirus (COVID19) morphology, transmission, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention and control.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV)
Advancements in Dental Implantology: A Comprehensive Review of Techniques and Outcomes
Dental implantology has undergone significant advancements over the past few decades, leading to improved success rates, better functional outcomes, and enhanced esthetic results for patients. This review article explores the latest techniques in dental implantology, their clinical applications, and the outcomes of various implant systems. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving field, highlighting novel materials, innovative surgical procedures, and post-operative management protocols. Furthermore, it assesses the long-term results and challenges faced in implant treatment, with an emphasis on the advancements that have shaped modern practice.
Pasteurella multocida subspecies multocida is the most common cause of fowl cholera, although pasteurellamultocida subspecies septica and gallicida may also cause fowl cholera-like disease to some extent. However, the virulence properties of the different subspecies for various hosts have not been elucidated. The seventy and incidence of pasteurellamultocida infections may vary considerably depending on several factors associated with the host (including species and age of infected birds), the environment and the bacterial strain. No single virulence factor has been associated with the observed variation in virulence among strains. Possible virulence factors include the following: the capsule, endotoxin, outer membrane proteins, and iron binding systems, heat shock proteins, neuraminidase production and antibody cleaving enzymes. Carrier birds seem to play a major role in the transmission of cholera. The site of infection for asteurella multocida is generally believed to be the respiratory tract. The outcome of infections may range from peracute/acute infections to chronic infections. In the former type of infections, few clinical signs are observed before death and the lesions will be dominated by general septicemia lesions. In chronic forms of pasteurella multocida infections, suppurative lesions may be widely distributed, often involving the respiratory tract, the conjunctiva and adjacent tissues of the head. Diagnosis is always dependent the development of safe and efficient live vaccines still poses problems.
Getnet kindu Mengist Getnet kindu Mengist
Review on Infectious Bursal Disease, Newcastle Disease, Marek’s Disease and Avian Pox
Viral diseases are posing a growing threat to the young poultry industry flourishing in the country. Infectious bursal disease, Newcastle disease, Marek’s disease (MD), and Fowl pox are among the serious threats to poultry production. IBD is considered as AIDS of chicken since it severely affects the immune system of chicken. NDV is a human pathogen and the most common sign of infection in humans is conjunctivitis. Marek’s disease (MD) is a lymphomatous and neuropathic disease of domestic fowl. Avian pox is a viral disease of a wide range of both domestic and wild bird species. It is a slow-spreading and characterized by the formation of proliferative lesions and scabs on the skin, and diphtheritic lesions in the upper parts of the digestive and respiratory tracts. Many viral diseases of poultry can be diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs together with post mortem findings and histopathological changes. However, confirmation of the involvement of specific viral pathogens requires specific laboratory procedures. There is no specific treatment for viral diseases of poultry. However, antibiotics are sometimes given in viral disease outbreaks to prevent secondary infection with bacteria. The most practical way to control viral diseases in poultry and prevent losses through effective biosecurity practices, timely vaccination and good hygiene accompanied by improved management is therefore of the greatest importance at all times.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Life Sciences Research and Reviews
Inflow Control Device with Electro-Hydraulic Control System
This article presents an in-depth exploration of the design, modeling, and control of an advanced inflow control device (ICD). Existing control systems for ICDs are analyzed, highlighting their key features and assessing their advantages and drawbacks. Based on this analysis, the development of a new ICD design is proposed incorporating an electro-hydraulic control system. The mathematical description of the valve operation is provided, elucidating the principles behind its functioning. To simulate and evaluate the performance of the proposed ICD, a comprehensive model is built using Simulink, integrating a matrix approach and neural networks. The model enables the qualitative determination of the valve position based on the generated pressure drop, contributing to the optimization of the device’s performance. The article emphasizes the importance of automatically adjusting the actuator’s position based on real-time measurements from various instruments. This enhances the efficiency and reliability of the ICD in dynamically controlling the flow rate in production wells. The use of a neural network-based approach aids in accurately determining the density of the flowing fluid and its impact on pressure drop, facilitating effective control strategies. The results of their research are demonstrated, showcasing the successful operation of the developed ICD model. Through the use of 3D views and crosssectional diagrams, the article provides a visual understanding of the ICD’s components, including the overall device, central axis, and pressure sensor setting. This article contributes to the advancement of inflow control devices by offering novel insights into their design, mathematical modeling, and control mechanisms. The findings pave the way for improved reservoir management, enhanced production optimization, and more efficient utilization of oil and gas resources.
How a Cosmology of a Nonlocally Unified, Meaningfully in-formed, Holographically Manifested and Purposefully Evolving Universe Engenders Planetary Systems as Gravitational Environments for the Emergence of Biological and Biomechanical Complexity
The emergent cosmology of a nonlocally unified, meaningfully in-formed, holographically manifested and purposefully evolving Universe, treats gravity as an emergent consequence of the in-formational and holographic nature of space-time and describes it as the consequence of the informational content, or intropy, associated with positions in space-time of massive bodies. In doing so, the evolutionary impulse inherently embodied in the Universe’s finite lifecycle engenders solar systems and planetary homes for the eventual evolution and complexity of biological organisms. Showing that planetary gravitational fields are required to enable cellular differentiation and subsequent development of a range of biomechanical strategies for building complex morphology, describes how such complex organisms such as human beings could eventually develop
Research on Drying Technology for Pressing Landscaping Waste- A Case Study of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Flowers
With the gradual enhancement of people’s awareness of ecological environment and sustainable development, the concept of green and low-carbon development has received more and more attention. Building a waste recycling system has also become an important task for building a beautiful China. The art of pressed flowers is such an ecological industry for recycling abandoned landscaping plants. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a plant widely distributed and loved by the people in China. In order to explore the most suitable drying technology for pressing Hibiscus rosa-sinensis，we study the differences of petal color, anthocyanins content, pH value, enzyme activity, drying status, protecting color, flatness between no-pressed and two different drying methods. Compared with the fresh flowers, the L, a, and C values of dried petal were lower, the pH was higher, and the enzyme activity was lower. But the difference is not significant in anthocyanins content between them. Furthermore, the enzyme activity and pH value of pressed petal with microwave were lower than those with drying plate. On the contrary, the anthocyanins content of pressed petal with microwave was higher than that with drying plate. The final study data shows that microwave pressed flower with 80% microwave power and 60-second drying time, was better for drying Hibiscus rosa-sinensis than drying plate，this method leads to better pressed flower，so as to produce plant products that are more suitable for consumer’s needs
Advancements in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Transforming Non-Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring in Radiology
MRI is a crucial tool in radiology, enabling non-invasive diagnosis, disease staging, and treatment monitoring magnetic fields and radio waves. It produces detailed images by leveraging the magnetic properties of hydrogen atoms, allowing for precise anatomical insights without ionizing radiation. Techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) enhance tumor evaluation and understanding, aiding in the identification of high-risk patients and personalized treatments. MRI’s capabilities extend to imaging soft tissues, particularly beneficial for neurological diagnoses and research. Advanced methods provide insights into brain activity, tissue microstructure, and disease mechanisms, especially in cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Recent innovations, such as ultrahigh field MRI (7T), improve image resolution and facilitate the assessment of vascular health. These advancements enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Qualitative and Quantitative Silk Yield from Silkworm through Utilization of Humulene
Terpenes and terpenoids are well known to maintain the juvenile condition of silkworm larvae. Humulene sesquiterpene compound with single ring and three units of isoprene. The present attempt was aimed to utilize humulene through acetone for applications (topical) on the second day to the fifth larval stage of double hybrid race of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L). The application humulene through acetone was resulted into yield of qualitative and quantitative silk cocoons and silk fibers. The entire cocoon weight (without floss), weight of shell of silk cocoon, weight of pupae. There was significant improvement in the silk shell percentage (ratio of shell to the entire cocoon) and scale of denier of silk through the utilization of spray of humulene solution to the fifth larval stage of double hybrid race of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L). The readings: 2.967** (±0.879); 0.843** (±0.137); 2.124 and 28.412*** respectively belong to weight of entire cocoon, weight of silk shell, weigh of pupae and the silk shell percentage (ratio of shell to the entire cocoon). The readings: 1489.63* (±229.53); 0.831** (±0.118) and 5.020*** respectively belong to silk fiber length (meter), silk fiber weight (gram) and the scale of denier. As a terpene compound, humulene exhibits probable activity analogous with natural Juvenile Hormone (JH) and may deserve applicable aspects of its utilization as efficient factor for growth of insects like silkworm. The schedule of spraying humulene through acetone should be introduced in the rearing of larval stages of silkworm for yield of qualitative and quantitative silk cocoons and silk filaments.
The Impact and Benefits of Digital Health Management Systems on Chronic Disease Management
This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the application of digital health management systems in chronic disease management, revealing how they promote proactive, personalized, and scientific management models. This system achieves precise assessment of patients’ health conditions through real-time monitoring and data analysis, effectively preventing and timely intervening in chronic diseases. Additionally, it optimizes the allocation of healthcare resources, reduces medical costs, and significantly improves patients’ quality of life. In practical cases worldwide, this system has demonstrated significant effectiveness, accelerating the transformation of chronic disease prevention and control management models. Therefore, the promotion of digital health management systems is of great significance, not only improving the management of chronic diseases but also making important contributions to the modernization and efficiency enhancement of the entire healthcare sector.
Attempted Clandestine Abortion: The Dangers of Alternative Methods
Clandestine abortions represent a major public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Although maternal mortality related to these practices has greatly decreased in developed countries, it remains a significant concern in regions where abortion is only permitted to protect the mother’s health or life. We describe the case of a 24-year-old patient admitted for pelvic pain with metrorrhagia in the context of attempted clandestine abortion by intravaginal introduction of potassium permanganate. Despite emergency care, the patient presented with necrotic vaginal lesions, underscoring the potentially lethal dangers of these alternative methods. Prevention through sexuality education and improved contraceptive access remains the best solution to reduce unsafe abortions