Journal of Nanosciences Research & Reports
Journal of Nanosciences Research & Reports is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Nanosciences Research & Reports. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of research, review, case reports, analysis, magazines, editorials, opinion, communications, mini-review, short communications, picturized, book review, video type and power point presentations (PPTS). You can submit manuscripts online at: https://srcpublishers.com/nanosciences-research-reports/user/register or Email: nanosciences@onlinescientificresearch.info 1.5 Impact Factor 84.5% Citations 90% Acceptance
MRET Treatment Effect on Diffusion Coefficient of Water
The confined water case displaying both decreased viscosity and decreased diffusion coefficient (relative to bulk water) typically occurs under strong hydrophilic confinement (e.g., in narrow pores of silica, clays, oxidized carbon nanotubes). Confined water in biology refers to water molecules trapped within nano-scale spaces—such as protein cavities, lipid bilayers, or hydrated DNA—where they display significantly different physical properties than bulk water. The experiments conducted to verify the effect of MRET (Molecular Resonance Effect Technology, US Patent # 6022479) treated bulk water on (D) diffusion coefficient behavior yield for the conclusion that MRET water can be considered as a special case of nanoconfined water. MRET treated water has strong tendency of displaying both anomalous decreased viscosity and decreased diffusion coefficient (relative to bulk water).
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Nanosciences Research & Reports
Relativistic Analysis of the Nucleonic Mass Difference
Electrodynamic analysis of the neutron structure leads us to find, that if we assume the relativistic mass of a single-electron charged, concentric ring, orbiting a proton, is equal to the mass difference between the proton and the neutron, then, with a theoretical relative error of 0.053%, that orbiting ring has the rest mass of an electron.
MRET Treated Water as a Special Case of Confined Water (Review)
Water, under nanoscale confinement, exhibits structural, dynamical behaviors that differ profoundly from its unconfined counterpart. The nanoscale confined water exhibits the anomalous reduction of viscosity, dielectric permittivity and conductivity. The significant reduction of the MRET (Molecular Resonance Effect Technology, US Patent # 6022479) water values of electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity and viscosity confirm the relatively high, long range dynamic structuring of water molecules in activated water produced by the MRET activation process. It allows to consider MRET treated water as a special case of the confined water.
MRET Treated Water, Hydrophobic Interactions, Hydrogen Bonds, Quantum Wells
The porphyrin macrocycle, an attractive building block, has been functionalized with nanomaterials such as graphene, graphene oxide, fullerene, quantum carbon dots, Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs), Multiple Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), Metal Organic Framework to produce enhanced porphyrin nanomaterials, some of which have found application as porphyrin nanosensors in a wide range or realm. These include porphyrin nano biosensors, porphyrin catalytic nanosensors, porphyrin electrochemical anion sensors amongst others.
The Porphyrin Macrocycle, Nanomaterials, Graphene, Graphene Oxide, Fullerene, Quantum Dots, Molecular Orbital Framework
Investigation of a Molecular Solar Thermal System: Predictions and Insights into Energy Storage, Thermal Dynamics, and Solvent Effects
Using Density Functional Theory (DFT), we investigated the effects of diverse basis sets and solvents. The key parameters studied include changes in energy storage capacity, thermal back-reaction (TBR) barrier, and UV-Vis spectra. The calculations considered five different DFT functionals (B3LYP, B3LYP-D3, CAM-B3LYP-D3, ωB97X-D, and M06-2X) and six different basis sets.
Energy Storage Capacity, Density Functional Theory, Solvent Influence, Ther-mal Back Reaction
Cancer Medical Treatment in Conjuction with the ELMAS’s Theory of Thermodynamics which is the Main Scientific Approach for 5th Law of Thermodynamics
Dr. Emin Taner Elmas, who studies energy states in medicine, proposed a "5th Law of Thermodynamics" based on his "Elmas’s Theory of Thermodynamics," named after his surname. His recent publications apply this framework to the field of health, focusing on frequency-based music therapy and non-surgical treatments for medical conditions. Full texts of his work, including the basic theory and medical applications, are available online. "ELMAS's Theory of Thermodynamics": Presented in the literature as a scientific approach to the "5th Law of Thermodynamics," this theory argues that energy and matter can exist not only in positive but also in neutral and negative states. This theory aims to provide a theoretical foundation, particularly in the field of Medical Thermodynamics (drug-cell interaction, disease treatments). Vectorial Energy and Matter Transfer: Elmas's theory argues that energy and matter are vectorial quantities moving within the body in positive, negative, or neutral directions. This allows for the mathematical modeling of drug-cell interactions and treatment processes. DNA/RNA Resonance: Establishes a connection between the sequences in musical scales and the DNA and RNA sequence structures of cells. It theorizes that the vibration frequencies of musical tones can create a state of "resonance" by matching the frequencies of genetic sequences. "ELMAS's Theory of Thermodynamics" is named after Dr. Emin Taner ELMAS, Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and also includes an acronym formed from the first letters of the following five concepts representing the cornerstones of thermodynamics. 1. Energy 2. Laws (Laws - 0, 1, 2 and 3, 4th Law (Onsager Theory) and 5th Law (ELMAS Theory)) 3. Matter (Matter/Mass) 4. Analysis (Exergy and Entropy) 5. Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated) ELMAS's Theory of Thermodynamics is a scientific approach that argues that energy and matter should be considered not only as scalar but also as vector quantities. This theory, put forward by Dr. Emin Taner ELMAS, aims to expand the scope of traditional thermodynamics and provide a foundation for the 5th Law of Thermodynamics. Basic Principles of the Theory: At the heart of the theory is the idea that energy and matter are directional quantities (vectors) and can exist in three different states: • Positive Direction: The state where the system gains energy or mass. • Negative Direction: The state where the system loses energy • Neutral Direction: This refers to the state where the system is in a steady or stable (equilibrium) condition. In this approach, total energy and total mass are formulated as the vector sum of these three components. Medical Thermodynamics and Applications: ELMAS’s Theory allows for the analysis of biological systems (such as human body cells) as explicit thermodynamic systems. Drug Interaction: The interaction of drugs with body cells is modeled as vectorial energy and mass transfer according to this theory. The treatment process is explained by controlling these interactions in positive, negative, or neutral directions. "FM Modulated Smart Drug Algorithm" for Cancer Treatment: Dr. Elmas has developed an engineering model that targets cancer cells and differs from traditional methods: Basic Logic: He designed a Frequency Modulation (FM) algorithm based on the "self-vibration mutation frequency" of cancer cells. Smart Drug Algorithm: This study models a "smart" intervention system that will neutralize only the targeted cells without harming healthy tissues by determining the frequency characteristics of cancerous cells. Interdisciplinary Approach: By adapting the principles of signal processing and thermodynamics in mechanical engineering to medical oncology, he conducted simulations on frequency-based treatment of cancer and even viruses such as COVID-19. Medical Thermodynamics and Cancer Algorithms: Dr. Elmas developed the concept of "Medical Thermodynamics" by adapting engineering principles to the field of medicine: FM Modulated Algorithm: He created a model that targets the unique "vibration frequencies" of cancer cells. His aim is to create smart drug protocols that will neutralize only cancerous cells at the targeted frequency without affecting healthy cells. Thermodynamic Model: He explains health, aging, and disease processes through the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics (Entropy). He defines diseases as "entropy increase" (disorder) in the body system. The 5th Law of Thermodynamics Theory: This original theory, which pushes the boundaries of classical physics, argues the following: Energy and Information: He suggests that energy is not only physical but also a whole with information and consciousness. Universe Analysis: By modeling the universe as a gigantic "pressure vessel," he explains energy changes at the macro and micro levels within this framework. Frequency-Based Medical Simulators: He is conducting research on designing laboratory-type prototype devices that transmit specific frequencies to cells, capable of testing "FM Modulation" algorithms that he theorizes for cancer and virus treatment. Resonance and Frequency: It is argued that the thermodynamic interaction between body cells behaves like a force or velocity component, and that these interactions need to be regulated for treatment. This theory offers a balance statement compatible with the traditional scalar-based Law of Conservation of Energy and Mass, but introduces a new perspective by defining them as vectorial parameters (such as force, velocity, and acceleration). Unlike Einstein’s energy-mass relationship (E = mc²), Dr. Elmas contends that in both biological and mechanical systems, energy corresponds directly to changes in mass. In this context, the ELMAS Theory posits that the total energy transfer within a system must be vectorially equivalent to the total mass change, offering a groundbreaking perspective on the interrelation between these fundamental elements of natural processes. In Dr. Emin Taner Elmas's approach, targeting cancer cells is based on the thermodynamic signatures of these cells, which differ from healthy cells. Cancer tissues are "chaotic" systems exhibiting high entropy (disorder) and irregular heat distribution due to uncontrolled proliferation.
Cancer, Cancer Treatment, Medical Technique, ELMAS’s Theory of Thermodynamics, 5th Law of Thermodynamics, Medical Thermodynamics, Entropy, Resonance, Frequency, Thermodynamic, Energy Transfer, Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer, Mathematics, Music, Nây-ı Şerîf, Instrument of Ney. (Ney: Turkish Reed Flute, Nay), Energy-Mass Balance, Music Frequencies
Past, Present and Future of TKA: An Expert Opinion or Point of View
Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) has come a long way from the first resection arthroplasty performed by Ferguson in 1861 to the cutting-edge technology utilized today. From removing bone to improve function, to interposition arthroplasty in 1863, and introducing an ivory hinged prosthesis fixed with Plaster of Paris in 1891, it has indeed been a chequered journey. The mid-20th century saw the introduction of the metallic mold hemiarthroplasties fitted to femoral condyles and hinged prosthesis made initially of acrylic and then cobalt–chromium, which were used till the late 1960s. Their high failure rate was on account of large bony resections and lack of sound kinematics.
Relativity theory as Einstein devised it is easily shown to be fundamentally flawed. Examples are represented to prove this beyond a shadow of doubt. The revised version of relativity removes all these problems by introducing the Uniform Scaling Principle and the Newton-Voigt space-time Transformation (NVT). The latter is consistent with the Law of Causality. It introduces a Clock-rate Corollary to Newton’s First Law of Kinetics (Law of Inertia), whereby it is evident that events which occur at one location will occur at the same time in any other (Absolute Simultaneity as opposed to Einstein’s Remote NonSimultaneity RNS claim based on the Lorentz Transformation). The NVT requires the use of a single parameter (Q) which is determined by experiment. It is also essential for application of the Uniform Scaling Principle (USP). Experiments with circumnavigating airplanes led to the Universal Time-dilation Law (UTDL). It states that the elapsed time read on one clock is inversely proportional to γ (v), whereby v is its speed v relative to an Objective Rest System (ORS); the latter is the earth’s center of mass (ECM) in this example and Q = γ (v’)/γ(v) in general. As such, this proves that measurement is objective, i.e. is not subject to the position of the observer. T here is a second fundamental parameter S which gives the ratio of elapsed times measured by two observers in different gravitational potentials. The ratios of other physical properties are always products of integral values of Q and S. They are deduced on the basis of experimental results for each property. T he scaling procedure for velocities introduced by Schiff in 1960 is compatible with the USP. It allows for a straightforward prediction of the displacement angle for star images observed during solar eclipses which was first computed by Einstein in 1916 using his General Relativity (GR) Theory. Scaling of the Newtonian equation for the acceleration due to gravity allows one to extend Schiff’s theory to the accurate prediction of the advancement angle of the perihelion of planets which was first computed using Einstein’s GR. The extended method is much less complicated than GR.
Clock-Rate Corollary to Newton’s First Law
MOS Electron Transport Layers as Solar Cells
Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique emerges as the simplest and most feasible. For thin- film preparation, this method is superior to other techniques because it produces relatively homogeneous compositions, allows easy control of film thickness, and yields a fine and porous microstructure. The size of the nanoparticle prepared from various techniques is less 80 nm and it has spherical in shape in nature. In this review, reported methods for synthesizing potential ETL materials are summarized, and an attempt is made to guide further research in this field. With concerted efforts, the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique could serve as a change agent in synthesizing efficient materials for solar cell applications and thus significantly enhance their efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Nanosciences Research & Reports
Biodegradable Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Used as Wearable Electronic Device
T his study explores the sustainable conversion of waste Catla (Catla catla) fish scales into bio-piezoelectric materials for wearable energy harvesting applications. Utilizing the natural piezoelectric properties of collagen-rich fish scales, we developed a flexible nanogenerator through a simple demineralization and lamination process. The device was integrated into the heel of a shoe, where it successfully generated electrical energy from walking movements, demonstrating its viability as a self-powered solution for wearable electronics. It has the broader potential of monitoring the pressure on heels, thus providing the insights into activity levels, beneficial for athletes and rehabilitation patients using the embedding such bio- piezoelectric systems into shoes. This approach not only adds value to aquaculture waste but also offers a biodegradable, eco-friendly alternative to conventional piezoelectric materials, paving the way for next-generation sustainable smart textiles and self-powered wearable devices.
Atomic Force Microscopy: A Powerful Tool for Surface Analysis of Nanostructured Materials
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has emerged as a leading technique for the high-resolution characterization of nanostructured surfaces. Its ability to generate three-dimensional topographical maps at the nanoscale enables detailed analysis of surface roughness, texture, morphology, and other critical features that influence the behavior and functionality of advanced materials. This review highlights AFM’s capabilities in measuring nanoscale mechanical properties such as elasticity, adhesion, stiffness, and viscoelasticity using advanced imaging modes like nanomechanical mapping and phase imaging. Recent advancements including the integration of machine learning algorithms for automated image analysis and the use of chemically functionalized probes for site-specific surface interactions are also discussed. Compared to other microscopy techniques, AFM offers distinct advantages, including minimal sample preparation, ambient condition operability, and versatility across material types. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of AFM’s role as a powerful and adaptable tool for surface analysis in nanotechnology and materials science.
Surface Characterization Nanomechanical Mapping
Formulation and in –Vitro Evaluation of Glimepiride Encapsulated Niosomes to Enhance its Oral Bioavailability and as Sustained Release Drug Delivery System
Niosomes are a non-ionic spherical surfactant vesicle (NIS) effective drug carriers that are biodegradable, non-toxic, more durable, and cost-effective than liposomes. The NISs were prepared by the modified ethanol injection method in this work. This study was designed to provide information related to the preparations niosomes composite (GLM-NIS). Aiming to enhance its oral bioavailability, minimize side effects, and solve the swallowing problem in geriatric patients. In-vitro and in vivo release studies were performed by dialysis technique and formulation (Span60:Cholesterol 0.5:1.0), respectively. As synthesized, GLM-NIS exhibited high entrapment efficiency percentages 86.66 % and particle size diameter with -22. Mv zeta potential (ZP) reveals high stability. These findings encourage the further study of niosomes to enhance oral bioavailability, extended for its in vivo studies for in vitro-in vivo correlation and various in vivo studies of GLM.
Creation of Solar Cells Based on Silicon Double-Barrier Nanostructures and their Testing for Radiation Resistance
Developed two - barrier structures with a nanostructured base based on silicon. Exposed to gamma radiation at the 60Co facility and analyzed the photoelectric properties of the resulting structures and proved that the use of these structures improves the photoelectric properties of traditional photovoltaic structures and creates a high integral sensitivity in the short-wavelength region of the spectrum. The effect of ionizing and penetrating gamma radiation on the photoelectric and photoluminescent parameters of the studied two-barrier structural converters has been studied. The effect of irradiation on the occurrence of leakage current both at the Schottky barrier and at the p-n junction was studied. It is shown that the two-barrier structure makes it possible to improve photoelectric receivers. It is also shown that double-barrier structures are superior in photoelectric parameters to photoconverters of single-barrier structures,and it is recommended to use them as solar cells.
Effects of Ag Doping Concentrations on Structural and Optical Properties of Citrus Reticulata Capped ZnO Nanoparticles
Dopants are used to modify the properties of metal oxides. They are classified into p type and ntype. The p type dopants are electron acceptors and they reduce the bandgap energy. The n- type dopants are electron donors. Ag+ have two characteristics features such that they can be used in place of substitution and interstitial. Citrus reticulata capped silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (AgZnONPs) were synthesized via chemical precipitation method, with Citrus reticulata acting as capping, reducing and stabilizing agents. The nanoparticles were synthesized at different doping concentrations of silver (Agx-ZnO) (x=0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 %). The effects of different dopant concentration on structural and optical properties of Citrus reticulata capped ZnO nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultra Violet- Visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The XRD pattern obtained showed that hexagonal wurzite structure of ZnO nanoparticles was retained on addition of Ag as a dopant. 0.1% Ag-ZnO displayed highest peak in XRD pattern at plane [101]. The crystal size of the nanoparticles ranged from 15.2919.87nm. At 0.5% Ag-ZnONPs, the XRD peak shifted to higher 2 theta degrees compared to other doping concentrations. The bandgap energies of Ag-ZnONPs were estimated using Tauc’s plot. The bandgap energies were observed to decrease with increase in Ag doping concentration. 0.25% AgZnONPshad a bandgap energy of 3.69eV and that of 2.0% had a bandgap energy of 3.03eV. FT-IR spectra showed absorption in both functional group and fingerprint regions. The absorption band between 420- 470cm-1 is associated with that of the metal oxide. The PL spectrum showed emission at a wavelength of 350-500nm. The optical properties predict the possibility of using of Ag-ZnONPs in solar cells and optoelectronics.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Monastroll
Dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates are known to possess anti-hypertensive, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-staphylococcal, anti-cancer, etc. biological activity. The structure of dihydropyrimidines is of interest for studying the reactivity of a molecule and preparing new derivatives. In the specialized literature, a large number of different derivatives of dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates are described, however, most of them are obtained from the condensations of 1,3-dicarbonyl bonds with various aldehydes, urea or thiourea, catalyzed by different catalysts through different schemes of synthesis, which damages the finite yield.
Enhanced Optical and Structural Properties of ZnSe Nanoparticles Synthesized by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid
ZnSe nanoparticles, with applications in optoelectronic devices such as LEDs, solar cells, and photodetectors, were synthesized using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL)-a surfactant-free method that enables the production of high-purity nanoparticles with precise control over particle size and morphology. Laser ablation was performed using an Nd laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse energy of 135 mJ, and a pulse duration of 10 ns. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of hexagonal ZnSe nanocrystals, with an average crystallite size of 27.53 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were used to characterize the nanoparticles’ size, morphology, and stoichiometry. Absorption and photoluminescence spectra revealed a band gap of 3.30 eV and indicated excitonic emissions in the nanoparticles when excited by the second harmonic of the laser. These findings highlight PLAL as an effective technique for synthesizing ZnSe nanoparticles with controlled optical and structural properties,making them suitable for diverse applications in optoelectronics.
Man vs Rat, vs Nanoparticle: Gold Nanoparticles as a Gentler Probe for Human Brain, Fertility / Embryo Treatments
Laboratory rats (or lab rodent) have physiological and genetic similarities to human. This suggests that results of observation, obtained from nano-particle based biomedical test, can be applicable to human. Detection of nano-particles and recent development of magnetic gold nano-particles offer the scientists as an invaluable tool for the brain tumor treatment. Due to their nano level sizes and varieties of shapes these magnetic nano-particles have the capability to cross or pass through the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Self-assembly, the uniqueness property of these nanoparticles, makes them a magical, gentler tool compared to other nanoparticles, for targeted drug delivery in brain-tumor treatment, as a contraceptive way to control reproduction but their ability to cross the BBB and brain-tumor targeting mechanism not yet fully known. The potential drawback of these magnetic nanoparticles is the disturbance or dis-balance in the sex hormones secretion leads to sufferings of dysplastic Oocyte and Overian diseases.
Nanocarriers are one class of nanomaterials. They are finding increasing application in several realms, particularly as chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer. They have certain properties that allow them to fulfill their roles. Amongst these are their small size, large surface area, heavy loading and release of drug. There are several types of nanocarriers and these can be modified accordingly to have hydrophilic groups which will increase their penetration of tissues. The major classes of nanocarriers include polymer conjugates, polymeric nanocarriers, polymersomes, polymer-drug conjugates, lipid-based carriers, peptide nanocarriers, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanocarriers (SLC), nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, nanospheres, nanocapsules and electrosomes, etc. Each class also has its advantages and disadvantages. One disadvantage of nanocarrier is their toxicity and this vary with type. Recent advances in the design, synthesis and utilization of nanocarriers include the synthesis of electrosomes, hyperbranched nanocarrier, nanogels, peptide and protein nanocarriers.
Advances in the use of Herbal Drugs via the use of Nanotechnology for Impaired Wound Healing in Diabetic Patients with AntiInflammatory Activity
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, leading to nerve and blood vessel damage, organ failure, and impaired wound healing. Wound healing in diabetic patients is further complicated by reduced cytokine responses and delayed healing processes, which can lead to severe complications such as sepsis and gangrene if left untreated. In this study, we explored the potential of acemannan, an herbal extract from aloe gel incorporated into niosomes, for wound healing. Acemannan exhibits antihyperglycemic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory properties with discrete delivery mechanisms and minimal side effects. he aim of this study was to develop herbal-loaded niosomes for wound healing. Niosomes, self-assemblies of nonionic surfactants with or without cholesterol, offer versatile delivery systems for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. The formulation consisted of Span 60, cholesterol, chloroform, methanol, buffer, and spray-dried aloe vera powder, prepared using the Thin Hydration method The resulting herbal niosomes were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, and zeta potential. A batch with a 2:2 ratio of Span 60 and cholesterol exhibited favorable characteristics with a particle size of 144.1 nm and a zeta potential of -17.1 mV. In conclusion, the developed herbal-loaded niosome formulation shows promise for wound healing, offering a potentially safer and more effective alternative to traditional antibiotic treatments for diabetic wounds.
Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on the ECG, PPG, and Mobile HRV Measurements
The ECG, PGG, and Mobile Elite HRV measurements are taken into consideration for opportunity to realize a practical, cheap, and easy health condition detection for cardiovascular diagnosis. PPG could be applied for measuring the physiological state of individuals along their ages in daily life to connect healthcare applications with other biosensors. Determination of heart rate variability (HRV), pulse rate variability (PRV) or heart rate fluctuation (HRF) requires accurate and precise measurement of inter beat intervals (IBI) in the ECG (electrocardiogram), PPG (photoplethysmogram), or in Mobile Elite captured signal. In practice, the signals are mathematically collinear which happen when PPG, ECG, and Elite HRV based data is simultaneously sampled and recorded. For both ECG. PPG, and Mobile Elite HRV based IBI can be analyzed by the cumulative sum technique (CUSUM). This technique is for a series of pulsed time signals from any source. Here the results visualization is based on the precise and accurate data on the variance inflation factor (VIF) analysis so that extra or lagging heart beats were cancelled. Then the data is highly correlated with each other based on the correlation coefficient (R2). VIF is very informative factor on the linearity. The statistics of CUSUM-slope (CUMULATIVE SUM OF ABSOLUTE VALUE DIFFERENCES) is as a measure for IBIs captured the average of signals, for which the CUSUM slope is computed. Because we two or even three dependent variables (IBIs) this can provide an elimination of the independent variable (time) for estimating the signal content in the biomedical signal recordings.
Dissipation of Current Carriers in Lead Telluride Films
he mechanisms of current carrier scattering in polycrystalline lead telluride (PbTe) films deposited on glass substrates in the temperature range 77-300 K have been studied. The main attention is paid to scattering at the grain-to-grain limits, which is the dominant mechanism affecting the mobility of currentcarriers. In this work, a mathematical expression is obtained for calculating the mobility of current carriers in thin films, considering scattering on thesurface and intergrain limits, which makes it possible to evaluate the influence of these mechanisms on the mobility of current carriers. The dependence ofcurrent carrier mobility in PbTe films on thickness and temperature has been studied. It has been established that the dominant scattering mechanism is scattering at grain boundaries. The activation energy of electrical conductivity was estimated, which is approximately 0.04-0.07 eV.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Nanosciences Research & Reports
Nanosensors are one type of sensors. Others include bio-sensors, catalytic sensors, electrochemical sensors. Nanosensors are nanoscale devices that are constructed to identify a particular molecule, biological, medicinal or environmental component and operate within the nanoscale dimensions. Nanosensors convert chemical data such as the concentration of a single sample component to complete composition analysis into an analytically usuable signal. Nanosensors are quite superior to conventional sensor and possess several advantages over conventional sensors. These include amongst others: greater adsorptive capacity due to large surface area to volume ratio, greater modulation of electrical properties such as capacitance, resistance etc. upon exposure to analytes, exceptional electrical conductivity and compatibility with biological systems. Nanosensors have found applications in several realms such as agriculture, biology, chemistry, physics, medicines, environmental, gas sensing, industrially, in the aerospace and defence industry. Research in nano sensor technology is proliferating.
A Review on Shape Stabilized Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage Applications
Thermal energy storage (TES) using solar energy is one of the most prominent techniques to store the energy and reduce to gap between energy demand and supply. There are many useful applications that can be fuelled by TES. Phase change materials (PCM) as TES materials are of great importance as far as the energy storage applications are concerned. However, there are various bottleneck problems with pure PCM like liquid phase leakage, low thermal conductivity, supercooling etc. To overcome this deficit, highly porous foam is used to improve the leakage problem of PCMs during phase transition. Additionally, nanoparticles and nucleating agent are the most commonly employed in-practice approaches to get rid of the issue of low thermal conductivity and supercooling, respectively. In addition, even after being subjected to multiple heat cycles, foam-stabilized PCM composites showed remarkable stability without being degraded. This paper discusses the major foams that has been incorporated with different PCMs along with their critical outcomes. This paper also discusses the significant uses of foam stable PCMs reported by several researchers. As a result of its high latent heat, good thermal conductivity, balanced chemical compatibility, and high thermal stability, the foam-stable PCM composite is a viable choice for thermal-energy management systems.
Study of the Skin-Resorptive Properties of Chitosan
The Aim of the Work: study of the skin-resorptive and sensitizing effects of various chitosan de-rivatives. Material and Methods: To study the skin-resorptive and allegnizing effects of chitosan sulfate and chitosan with furacilin according to the recommendations for the study of the toxicological proper-ties of drugs. Results: For the first time, a complex of preclinical experimental studies of various chitosan deriva-tives developed at the nstitute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan was carried out. It was revealed that they do not have a resorptive and irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, does not cause sensitization of the body of guinea pigs. The drugs do not have a cumulative effect and sensitizing effect. Conclusions: • Chitosan sulfate and chitosan preparations with furacilin do not have a skin-resorptive effect and a locally irritating effect. • Chitosan sulfate and chitosan preparations with furacilin do not have an allergenic effect.
Nanotechnology and Nanostructures in Food Science: Advancements& Applications
Nanotechnology is a field of science that deals with materials at a nano-scale i.e. within the range of 1 to 100 nano meters. Nanotechnology and nanostructures are revolutionizing food science by providing an innovative, effective, and sustainable approach. Nanotechnology is the science of materials which are extremely small, typically ranging from 1-100 nanometers, which finds various applications in diverse fields including but not limited to food science. Different industries like food industry, dairy industry, fruits & vegetables industry, and wine industry would benefit by implementing and integrating nanotechnology. The advancements and applications of nanotechnology and nanostructures in food science have not been explored thoroughly and require a lot more research. However, public concern about the safety of nanomaterials, toxicological aspect of nanomaterials, and food safety concerns still remains a hot topic for further research. This article provides a brief overview of the applications and advancements of nanotechnology in food science.
Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Thin Films by Sol-Gel Dip Coating Process
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a non-toxic material known for its distinctive physical and chemical properties, including a direct band gap energy of 3.37 eV and a large exciton binding energy of 60 meV, which contribute to its significant thermal and chemical stability at room temperature. Due to these characteristics, ZnO plays a critical role in various applications, such as UV light emitters, transparent conducting thin films in electronic devices, gas sensors, piezoelectric materials, transducers, and as a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer in thin-film photoelectrochemical cells. Numerous fabrication techniques have been employed to produce ZnO thin films. However, many of these methods require costly equipment, high vacuum environments, and elevated temperatures. In contrast, the sol-gel process stands out as a convenient, cost-effective, and versatile method for ZnO thin film fabrication. It offers advantages such as simplicity, low crystallization temperature, ease of reproducibility, molecular-level homogeneity, and precise compositional control. In this study, ZnO thin films were deposited onto Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass substrates using the sol-gel dip coating method, with varying preparative parameters: sol concentrations and annealing temperatures. The resulting samples were characterized using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results demonstrated that the unique properties of ZnO thin films are highly dependent on the preparative parameters. Specifically, the band gap energy decreased from 3.25 eV to 3.18 eV with increasing sol concentration and also showed a similar decline with higher annealing temperatures. XRD patterns revealed a smaller full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the most intense peak (002) at higher sol concentrations and annealing temperatures, indicating an increase in crystallite size. FESEM images highlighted distinct morphological changes corresponding to the variations in sol precursor concentration and annealing temperature, while EDX analysis confirmed the formation of highly pure ZnO thin films on ITO glass substrates.
TiN Nanoparticles for Biosensing Applications
Titanium nitride (TiN) is a refractory material that possesses optical properties often compared to gold. In this study, we fabricate and study plasmonic TiN nanoparticles for potential use in biosensing applications. TiN nanoparticles of an average diameter of 154 nm are fabricated with chemical synthesis methods and then exposed to a pulsed laser illumination for 40 minutes. Exposure to laser radiation induced a color change from grey to blue associated with laser-induced breaking of large polycrystalline particles into smaller ones. UV-VIS transmission spectrum of the irradiated sample shows a well-defined dip at 635 nm, associated with surface plasmon resonance. Using various solvents, we demonstrate that the position of the dip is sensitive to the solvent, which presents interest for biosensing applications using TiN nanoparticles.
Electromagnetic Plasma Reactor: Fermionic Derivation Tools
From the developed theories around of an electromagnetic plasma reactor designed and controlled through geometrical invariants has been demonstrated the existence of derived products from electromagnetic plasma as are phonons, fermions, ions, free electrons and protons, magnetic and electric drifts, which can be used as complement or development part of the electromagnetic propulsion system where the fermion flow can produce a ionic force that could be used as propulsion force considering shock waves produced with an electric field on these ions. Likewise, experimentally and considering direct current and voltage in a constant regime, has been detected as ionic wind which carries fermion products to be used too in the possible electromagnetic propulsion. These are other products proposes of previous works. Likewise, through of a caption and detection camera, is measured the electromagnetic properties of the ionic flow of the space derived from the electromagnetic plasma, and is proposed a curvature energy signal of magnetic nature to measure the force and control the electromagnetic plasma and its ionic flow.
Strategies in Petrochemical Processes Part-II: Sulphur Multi Desorption-Unit for Sweeting of the Peruvian Oil
Sulphur contained in crude oil and processed by Petrochemical Industry can be represent a seriously environmental problem. Crudes containing a high percent of impurities, such as Sulfur compounds, are less desirable than low-sulfur crudes because of their corrosivity and the extra treating cost, increasing production costs. Sulfur in crude oils is mainly present in the form of organosulfur compounds (Mercaptans, Thiophene). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the important inorganic sulfur compound found in crude oil. Sour crudes contain a high percentage of Hydrogen Sulfide
Understanding Experiments Through Simulated PhotoinducedElectron Transfer: The Case of 1,3-Bis(3-perylenyl)propane
Photoinduced electron transfer reactions have been investigated for 1,3-bis(3-perylenyl)propane using a theoretical method that includes interactions between multiple charge-configurations of the system and its coupling to its intramolecular phonon modes. Both charge separation and charge recombination reactions are considered making it possible to compare relative lifetimes of specific states across different systems. Two different theories for calculating the coupling between electronic states, Fock matrix recombination - bridge (FMR-B) and generalized Mulliken-Hush (GMH), are used to calculate all relevant couplings between electronic states of the system. The couplings of each electronic state to the intramolecular vibrational modes are calculated based on a harmonic oscillator model, and everything is propagated in time using the Redfield equation. The dynamics predicted by either of the coupling methods show the same overall dynamics of the systems tested and comparison of experimental observations with the predicted dynamics exhibit good agreement.