Factors Influencing the Incidence of Myopia

Abstract

Myopia is a refractive error in which a distance object looks blurry. It happens when the light is focused in front of the retina. It is increasing day by day. There are estimates indicating that by 2050, approximately half of the global population might develop myopia, and roughly 10% could experience high levels of myopia. The incidence of myopia varies geographically; changes in lifestyle and urbanization have an impact on its prevalence. Myopia may be more common in urban areas due to restricted access to outdoor activity, especially in East and Southeast Asia. Environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors interact in a complex way to influence myopia. Here ditary factors are important; the probability of developing myopia is increased if parents have the condition. Another important factor in the development of myopia is the environment. Reading and other prolonged, intense near work activities, like screen time; have been linked to a higher risk of myopia. Understanding the complex nature of myopia is crucial. This article will review the factors causing myopia and the relative significance or weighting of various factors in the development of myopia.