Relationship between Socio Cultural Factors and Health Seeking Behaviour of the Visually Impaired in Eket Akwa Ibom State Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Access to quality eye care services remains a major challenge for visually impaired individuals in many rural communities, especially in Nigeria. Socio-cultural factors, such as traditional beliefs and educational attainment, often influence health-seeking behavior, leading to the underutilization of formal health services. This study investigates the relationship between socio-cultural factors and the health-seeking behavior of visually impaired individuals in Eket Senatorial District of Akwa Ibom State.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 visually impaired individuals drawn from 12 Local Government Areas in the Eket Senatorial District. Using proportionate stratified random sampling, approximately 33 to 34 participants were selected from each LGA: Onna, Ibeno, Okobo, Oron, Mbo, Urue-Offong/Oruko, Udung Uko, Eket, Esit-Eket, Eastern Obolo, Mkpat-Enin, and Ikot Abasi. The sampling frame was based on the Akwa Ibom State Traditional Edict, which lists all communities in the state. From this frame, 50 communities were randomly selected. Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson Chi-square test to assess associations between socio-cultural factors and health-seeking behavior.

Results: The findings showed that educational level and cultural beliefs were the most significant socio-cultural factors influencing health-seeking behavior. A statistically significant association was observed between socio-cultural factors and health-seeking behavior (χ² = 89.56, p = 0.001). Notably, over 60% of respondents with no formal education preferred alternative care such as native doctors and prayer houses, while those with at least secondary education were more likely to seek care at certified eye clinics.

Discussion: The findings indicate that a lack of awareness, educational limitations, and entrenched cultural beliefs contribute to the preference for alternative treatment options such as native doctors and prayer houses over formal eye care services. This highlights the critical role of socio-cultural context in shaping health-related decisions among visually impaired individuals.

Conclusion: There is an urgent need for government and health agencies to provide subsidies, establish more accessible eye care centers in rural communities, and launch public health education campaigns to encourage the use of accredited eye clinics. Addressing these socio-cultural barriers is essential for improving eye health outcomes among the visually impaired in Eket Senatorial District.