Regional Burden of Cataract in Adult Population in Punjab

Abstract

Introduction: Cataract is a major public health concern in India, especially among older people. There is an increase in backlog of blind eyes due to cataract especially in North India.

Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in rural and urban areas in Punjab region from August 2023 to July 2024 at Sankara eye hospital Ludhiana. The study included male and female participants aged above 40 years with cataract. Patients with severe redness, some other pathological conditions, and also were unwilling to participate, and pediatric patients were excluded. The examination included demographic data, visual acuity measurement, refraction, and anterior segment examination. Cataract was graded by type and severity of opacity using the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III).

Results: Total of 3003 individuals was screened in various camps, out of which 385 individuals were included in the study. Out of subjects, 20.11% were diagnosed to have cataract. Out of the 385 patients, 196 (51%) are male and 189 (49%) are female. Immature cataract was found to be most common (51%). The prevalence of cataract increased for aged 60 years and above. 40 individuals (10%) working indoor were diagnosed with cataract and around 152(40%) individuals were working in outdoor conditions. Univariate analysis of selected socioeconomic, demographic, dietary, and other variables suggested that a higher prevalence was associated with low education, working outdoors and non-vegetarian diet.

Conclusion: The study found significant difference in cataract under intense UV radiation and a strong positive correlation between UV radiation and cataract. Workers exposed to bright light should have regular eye check up to prevent ocular problems. Geriatric population, outdoor workplace, low socioeconomic status was major risk factor for cataract.