Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Reports
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Reports is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Pharmaceutical Research & Reports. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of Research, Review, Case Reports, Analysis, Magazines, Editorials, Opinion, Communications, Mini-Review, Short Communications, Picturized, Book Review, Video Type and Power Point Presentations (PPTS). You may submit your article through Online: https://www.onlinescientificsresearch.com/submit-online or can send through an E-mail with attachment to pharmaceutics@onlinescientificresearch.info
Novel Approach to Prevent Biofilm Development
Microorganisms can use the formation of biofilm as an adaptation to the environment, particularly in adverse conditions. Bacterial biofilm colonizes a wide variety of hydrated surfaces, (including teeth, food, contact lenses, medical devices, etc.) and can theoretically impact human health both positively (e.g., gut microbiota) and negatively since most infections depend on biofilms presence. Furthermore, the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens has emphasized the urgency of identifying new efficient anti biofilm agents. Nowadays, ESKAPE pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis-faecium) are the most common MDR bacteria, often responsible for life- threatening conditions. More specifically, the Gram-negative P. aeruginosa represents an important cause of infection, especially in immune-compromised patients. In this context, our research group has devoted many efforts to the identification of natural compounds targeting non-essential pathways involved in bacterial pathogenicity, contributing to prevent the resistance. The most recent developments concerned the design, obtainment and analytical characterization of silica nanoparticles functionalized with p-aminosalicylic or p-aminocinnamic acids, as non-toxic antibiofilm agents. The novel nanoparticles were used for the coating of glass coverslips as model surfaces and their antibiofilm effect was evaluated on P. aeruginosa, as representative of pathogenic microorganism showing resistance against various antibiotics. The obtained results may constitute the basis for further applications for functional materials preventing biofilm formation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Reports
Reducing NSAID Prescriptions in Patients Receiving ACE Inhibitors/ARBs and Diuretics: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed, but their concurrent use with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) or Angiotensin-II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and diuretics can significantly increase the risk of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). This “triple whammy” of medications presents a major safety concern in hypertensive patients. At ABN Health Center, a Quality Improvement (QI) initiative was launched to address the frequent prescribing of NSAIDs to patients receiving ACE inhibitors/ARBs and diuretics. The project aimed to reduce NSAID prescriptions by 50% among these patients within three months (May to July 2024) by raising awareness among healthcare providers and educating patients on the associated risks. A multidisciplinary team implemented several interventions, including provider education on safe prescribing practices and patient counselling at the pharmacy. Data was collected monthly through audits from the health centre’s electronic medical records (Cerner) to monitor NSAID prescription rates in the target population. Over the three-month period, NSAID prescriptions in patients on ACE inhibitors/ARBs and diuretics decreased from 31% in May to 10% in July. The success of the project was attributed to improved provider adherence to prescribing guidelines and increased patient awareness of NSAID risks. This QI initiative effectively reduced the prescribing of NSAIDs in high-risk patients, enhancing patient safety and preventing medication-related AKI. The project highlights the importance of targeted education and can serve as a model for similar initiatives in other healthcare settings.
Cytotoxic Pestalotiopsin from an Endophytic Fungus Pseudopestalotiopsis CamelliaeSinensis
A dione pestalotiopsin has been isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of a fungal endophyte Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae sinensis. The structure of this compound was established based on 1D- and 2D-NMR spectral analysis and HRMS. Pestalotiopsin was evaluated for its ability to kill human tumor cell lines using an MTT cytotoxicity assay. The compound was found to be selectively cytotoxic against three human tumor cell lines: MDA MB 231, MIA PaCa2, and HeLa, compared to the non-tumor lung fibroblast cell line WI38.
Inappropriate mechanical debridement, persistence of bacteria in the canals and apex, poor obturation quality, over and under extension of the root canal filling, and coronal leakage are some of the commonly attributable causes of failure. Despite the high success rate of endodontic treatment, failures do occur in a large number of cases and most of the times can be attributed to the already stated causes. With an ever-increasing number of endodontic treatments being done each day, it has become imperative to avoid or minimize the most fundamental of reasons leading to endodontic failure. This presentation reviews the most common causes of endodontic failure along with radiographic examples.
Revolutionizing Immunization: Next Generation Vaccine Platforms for A Resilient Global Health Future
Freedom as Awareness: A Clinical–Theological Reading of Pharaoh’s Heart in the Me’or Einayim
This essay examines one of the most enduring theological paradoxes in biblical literature-the hardening of Pharaoh’s heart-through the interpretive lens of the Me’or Einayim of Chernobyl (R. Menachem Nachum Twersky, 1730-1797), a foundational text in early Hasidic thought. The biblical narrative presents a profound dilemma: if God hardens Pharaoh’s heart, how can Pharaoh be held morally accountable for his refusal to release the Israelites? This apparent contradiction between divine determinism and human free will has troubled exegetes across centuries, generating diverse rabbinic, philosophical, and mystical responses. The essay argues that the Rebbe’s reading offers a radical reframing of the problem by transforming it from a moral question into a metaphysical revelation about the nature of consciousness, concealment, and divine presence. T he analysis begins with a close textual reading of the Me’or Einayim on Parashat Va’era, presenting both the Hebrew original and English translation. The rebbe interprets “And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart” not as divine interference with moral agency, but as an intentional concealment (hester) of divine awareness designed to reveal a deeper truth: that even within states of hardness, resistance, and apparent autonomy, the divine presence remains fully immanent. In this theology, all phenomena in the world-including those experienced as evil or resistant-originate from the divine source. The distinction between good and evil is epistemological rather than ontological: good is revealed (nigleh) while evil remains concealed (nistar). God’s hardening of Pharaoh’s heart thus serves a pedagogical and revelatory purpose-to demonstrate that divine vitality pervades even the experience of spiritual opacity and egoic separation. T he essay locates free will not in independence from divine will, but in the capacity for awareness (da’at) of divine presence within concealment. Pharaoh’s failure is not that his will was overpowered, but that he refused to recognize that “all is from God” (hakol hu me-El). His hardened heart represents the egoic illusion of autonomous selfhood, the mistaken perception that one’s actions originate independently. Moses, by contrast, embodies da’at-the awakened consciousness that perceives divine agency even within resistance and limitation. True freedom, in the Me’or Einayim’s framework, is thus the ability to maintain awareness of the radical divine immanence expressed in the Hasidic doctrine of ‘ein od milvado’ (there is nothing outside of Him), even when that presence is phenomenologically hidden.
Healthcare Without Profit: An Embodied Theological Vision
Healthcare systems worldwide face a fundamental tension between profit maximization and healing. In the United States, market-driven healthcare has created systemic inequities, operational inefficiencies, and what recent scholarship identifies as physician moral injury-the psychological distress experienced when economic pressures compromise ethical medical practice. This article examines what healthcare might look like without profit motivation and explores how such transformation aligns with embodied theological understandings of healing as covenant, justice, and divine presence. We conducted comparative analysis of international healthcare models, integrated findings from health economics literature, and synthesized theological scholarship from Jewish mystical and ethical traditions. The analysis draws extensively from contemporary work on physician moral injury, pharmaceutical industry practices, and institutional coercion in medical settings. Global healthcare systems treating health as a public good consistently deliver superior outcomes at lower costs compared to profit-driven models. Singlepayer systems achieve 10-20% administrative cost savings while ensuring universal access. Research demonstrates that for-profit healthcare organizations prioritize shareholder returns over patient care, particularly during crises, while nonprofit institutions maintain community focus and quality measures. T heological analysis reveals that profit-driven medicine violates covenantal principles by reducing sacred healing encounters to financial transactions. Healthcare without profit represents both economically viable policy direction and theologically compelling vision. Removing profit as the organizing principle enables medicine to recover its deepest vocation: honoring human vulnerability, enacting justice, and witnessing divine presence through compassionate care. Implementation requires systematic transformation of financing mechanisms, medical education, and institutional cultures to support covenantal rather than contractual relationships between healers and patients.
Acne Treatment Preferences and Pharmaceutical Care Patterns in Georgian Pharmacies
Acne vulgaris is a global problem that requires a challenging and prolonged treatment course for patients (1,2). It significantly impacts a patient’s quality of life, affecting self-esteem and other psychosocial factors. Patients encounter many over-the-counter and prescription acne treatments, including topical creams, gels, cleansers, antibiotics, retinoids, and hormonal therapies. The variety of options can be overwhelming, and the lack of clear, personalized guidance on choosing between these therapies adds to the confusion. Exploring patients’ behaviors, preferences, and reliance on healthcare professionals is essential for improving acne management strategies and ensuring the effectiveness of the treatment. Aim: The study aimed to explore the treatment behaviors, preferences, and decision-making processes of acne vulgaris patients in Georgia, focusing on their use of dermatological and cosmeceutical products, medications such as antibiotics, retinoids, and hormone therapies, and their reliance on healthcare professionals. Method: A structured online questionnaire was distributed to a targeted group on social networks (“Acne,” “Skin Health”). Survey respondents had to have been affected by acne at least once in their lifetime. Key Findings and Conclusions: 200 respondents participated in the survey, with more than half experiencing acne from adolescence to adulthood. Among them, around 70% had moderate to severe acne, yet only half consulted a specialist. When selecting treatment, respondents equally valued advice from pharmacists and doctors, followed by recommendations from acquaintances and online information. of those treated by doctors, 26.1% received antibiotics, 11.6% used oral retinoids, and nearly 19.5% underwent hormone therapy. Retinoids were prescribed by pharmacists in 6% of cases, and 18.6% self-medicated. Popular acne treatment brands in Georgia included SVR, La-Roche-Posay, and Bioderma, with most consumers keeping track of new product releases.
Robotic Surgery: Innovation or Overhyped Investment?
Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) has emerged as a transformative force in modern medicine, offering enhanced surgical precision, minimally invasive techniques, and integration with cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and real-time imaging. Since the introduction of systems like the da Vinci Surgical System, robotic surgery has rapidly expanded, particularly in fields like urology and gynecology. Proponents highlight benefits including reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery, and improved ergonomics for surgeons. However, these advancements are accompanied by significant concerns. T he high initial and maintenance costs, variable cost-effectiveness, risk of mechanical failure, steep learning curves, and ethical implications related to marketing and patient consent continue to fuel debate. Reports from regulatory and professional bodies also urge caution due to the lack of robust long-term outcome data. While robotic surgery offers promising potential, especially when deployed judiciously in high-volume centers with skilled personnel, its widespread adoption raises critical questions about clinical justification, equity, and healthcare sustainability. This article explores whether robotic surgery truly represents surgical innovation—or an overhyped investment—and argues for a balanced, patient-centered approach to its integration.
Flavonoids and Brain Health: Chemical insights into Neurotherapeutic Benefits
Neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, poses significant health challenges due to their complex pathophysiology and unattainable curative treatments. Flavonoids, a diverse class of polyphenolic compounds, exhibit rich antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, modulate critical downstream effectors including ERK, PI3-kinase/Akt, and inhibit enzymes linked to amyloid plaque formation leading to mitigating neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress. Due to their ability to penetrate blood-brain barrier, enhances their relevance in pointing neuroinflammation, cerebral ischemia, and even glioblastoma, as evidenced by preclinical and clinical studies. Specific flavonoids, including Genistein, quercetin and hesperidin have displayed beneficial effects in cognitive tests and pathological hallmarks in neurodegenerative diseases models. However, challenges of suboptimal bioavailability and metabolic instability limit their daily application. Emerging approaches, particularly nanotechnology-based delivery systems, offer innovative solutions to improve its systemically bioavailable. Although dietary flavonoids are generally safe to intake, excessive intake via supplements may pose risks, underscoring the need for rigorous safety evaluations. This comprehensive analysis addressing the dual role of flavonoids in neuroprotection and disease intervention, and encourages further studies to optimize their bioavailability and long-term safety in diverse populations. This review is Bridging traditional knowledge with modern pharmacological insights, flavonoids represent a convincing avenue for the development of novel neurotherapeutics in an era demanding safer, natural alternatives.
The Effect of Smoking and Vaping on Oral Health a Meta-Analysis
Objective: This meta-analysis investigates the effects of smoking and vaping on oral health, focusing on periodontal disease, tooth loss, oral cancer, and other oral conditions. The aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact these habits have on oral health outcomes. Methods: We systematically reviewed studies published up to 2025 and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies that assessed smoking and vaping’s effects on oral health. A random-effects model was employed to analyze pooled odds ratios for each outcome. Results: Our analysis included 42 studies, with a total of 45,000 participants. Smoking was strongly associated with periodontal disease (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5), tooth loss (OR = 3.0), and oral cancer (OR = 3.8). Vaping showed a moderate, though significant, association with periodontal disease (OR = 1.7) and gum recession (OR = 1.5), with evidence still emerging on its long-term effects. Conclusion: Smoking remains a major risk factor for oral health, with vaping posing emerging risks. Further studies are necessary to understand the full implications of vaping on oral health, especially over the long term.
New Opportunities in the Synthesis of Monastrol
The synthesis of eutectic mixtures based on 3- (carboxymethyl) -1-vinyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium (chloride, bromide, hexofluorophosphate) and thiourea in various ratios (from 2: 1 to 1: 3) was realized, the aggregate state and established catalytic activity for the synthesis of Monastrol, which showed a wide range of pharmacological activity. Recently, interest in the significance of dihydropyrimidines has attracted great interest. Dihydropyrimidines occupy a key place in various biological processes of various body structures that carry vital information. The most effective method currently used for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidines remains the well-studied multicomponent Biginelli reaction. The Biginelli reaction, which is commonly used for the direct preparation of Monastrol and its derivatives, has many advantages over traditional synthetic methods.
Patient Centric Approach to Hypertension Fast Disintegrating Hydrochlorothiazide ODTs for Better Adherence
T he development of Oral Disintegrating Tablets (ODTs) for antihypertensive drugs represents a promising approach to improve patient adherence, especially for those with difficulty swallowing traditional tablets. This study focuses on the formulation and optimization of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) ODT using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) for process optimization. The research employs excipients such as fenugreek seed powder, Cross-povidone and Locust bean gum as a superdisintegrant, Banana powder as binders, corn starch as a glidant, magnesium stearate as a lubricant, Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) as a filler, and aspartame as a sweetener. Additionally, polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG-4000) is used as a solubility enhancer through solid dispersion techniques. The BBD method investigates the effect of concentrations of fenugreek seeds mucilage, Locust bean gum and PEG-4000 on tablet properties such as disintegration time, dissolution rate, hardness, friability etc. The optimized formulation exhibits rapid disintegration (within 30 seconds), improved dissolution profile and enhanced bioavailability of hydrochlorothiazide due to the solubility-enhancing properties of PEG-4000. The results indicate that the combination of excipients and solid-phase dispersion methods can significantly improve the efficacy of ODT, providing a potential solution to improve therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of Hypertension.
Advancements in Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography for Biological Samples Enhancing Peak Capacity and Speed through High-Temperature Techniques
T he need for improved separation power in Liquid Chromatography (LC), particularly for complex multi-constituent biological samples, is becoming increasingly critical. Recent advancements have led to a growing interest in Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography (2DLC), which offers significant advantages over traditional One-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography (1DLC) by enabling higher peak capacities and resolution. This review explores the potential of 2DLC, highlighting its ability to enhance separation by combining orthogonal separations and offering peak capacity that, under ideal conditions, is the product of the peak capacities of both dimensions. Despite its impressive separation power, comprehensive 2DLC is hindered by long analysis times, often extending several hours. Recent innovations in high-temperature LC techniques have addressed this challenge by drastically reducing the time required for the Second Dimension of 2DLC to approximately 20 seconds, enabling rapid separations with improved peak capacities exceeding 2000. T hese developments have led to significant reductions in analysis time, allowing complex biological samples with over 200 detectable peaks to be analyzed in under 30 minutes. This shift toward fast, high-temperature LC is transforming the capabilities of 2DLC, making it an invaluable tool for the analysis of biological samples. Additionally, the review touches on complementary techniques like NMR spin relaxation spectroscopy, which aids in characterizing protein dynamics, offering further insights into protein conformational changes on the picosecond-nanosecond timescale.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Survival Outcomesin Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A SystematicReview and Meta Analysis
Background: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for a significant proportion of oral cancers, often diagnosed at late stages with poor survival outcomes. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated promising capabilities in oncology, particularly in survival prediction. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the role of AI in predicting survival outcomes, recurrence, and treatment responses in OSCC patients. Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and clinical impact of AI algorithms in predicting survival outcomes in OSCC. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify studies published between2000 and 2024. Studies were included if they evaluated AI models for survival prediction in OSCC patients. Pooled diagnostic metrics were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Subgroup analyses were performed based on data type, AI model, and patient population. Results: A total of 45 studies involving 8,200 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of AI models in predicting 5-year survival were87% and 82%, respectively. AI models incorporating clinical, imaging, and genetic data outperformed those using single data modalities (AUC: 0.91 vs. 0.79;p < 0.01). Machine learning models, particularly ensemble methods, demonstrated higher accuracy than traditional statistical approaches. Conclusion: AI provides high accuracy in predicting survival outcomes in OSCC patients, especially when integrating multimodal data. These findings highlight the potential of AI to support personalized treatment planning and improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on external validation and implementation in clinical workflows.
Innovation and Assessment of Specialized Tablets Leveraging Box Behnken Design
Hypertension, a leading cause of global mortality, affects over one billion individuals and necessitates effective and patient-friendly therapeutic solutions. T his study focuses on the development of a mucoadhesive bilayer tablet formulation of propranolol hydrochloride, a beta-blocker widely used to manage hypertension. The proposed tablet design integrates an instant release layer for rapid therapeutic effect and a mucoadhesive extended-release layer for prolonged drug delivery. Both layers were prepared using the direct compression method, a cost-effective and scalable manufacturing process. Comprehensive evaluations of pre- and post-compressional parameters confirmed the tablets met the requisite quality standards. The study also employed the Box-Behnken design, a response surface methodology, to optimize the formulation. The optimized batch, MBT 16, exhibited desirable outcomes, demonstrating effective drug release for immediate and sustained action. This novel dual-layer approach enhances the pharmacokinetic profile of propranolol hydrochloride, potentially improving patient compliance by reducing dosing frequency while maintaining stable blood pressure control throughout the day. The incorporation of natural excipients further highlights the cost-effectiveness and safety of the formulation. This study paves the way for advanced hypertension management through innovative drug delivery systems, combining therapeutic efficiency with improved patient adherence.
Efficacy and Patient-Centered Outcomes of Antiasthmatic Orodispersible Tablets in Acute Asthma Exacerbation
Respiratory system is the system of gaseous exchange. If any part of the system affected then the respiratory diseases occur like asthma, COPD, bronchitis etc. for treating such respiratory diseases salbutamol sulphate was used. Salbutamol sulphate as a model β2 adrenergic agonist drug which under goes first pass metabolism in liver, which can decrease the bioavailability of drug. Thus, the aim of this study was to improve bioavailability, swift action and improved patient compliances. This work represents a new design of salbutamol sulphate Orodispersible tablets using box-Behnken design with the three independent variables: the two super disintegrants (jackfruit seed starch and Lepidium sativum seed mucilage) and a binder (polyvinyl pyrrolidone K-30) were selected to study their effect on the critical dependent variables. The natural ingredients are extracted and desirable evaluated. All the evaluation pre-compressional and post-compressional was observed. The responses variables were analysed and the optimised formulation was obtained using the box-Behnken design
Infection Control in Oral Surgery : Innovations and Protocols
Infection control is a critical component of oral surgery, as surgical site infections can lead to serious complications, including delayed healing, increased morbidity, and additional surgeries. This manuscript reviews traditional infection control protocols and explores recent innovations that have improved patient outcomes in oral surgery. We examine preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative protocols, highlighting advances in antiseptic agents, sterilization methods, and surgical techniques. Emerging technologies such as laser-assisted surgery, robotic surgery, and nanotechnology have revolutionized infection prevention. We also discuss the role of antibiotic stewardship and challenges in infection control, including cost-effectiveness and the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. By consolidating existing research, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of current infection control practices and offer insight into future developments in oral surgery infection prevention.
Phytochemical Screening Toxicity and Anti-Hyperlipidemia of Punica Granatum Peel against Male Albino Mice
Background: Hyperlipidemia (Dyslipidemia) is expressed by High levels of TC, TG, LDL, and decreased levels of HDL. Dyslipidemia as a threat agent for heart arteries complaints leads to an increase in the threat of cardiovascular mortality. Several herbal drugs have been suggested for the therapy of dyslipidemia like the one Punica Granatum peels. This research ambitious to clarify the thesis of using Punica Granatum peel extracts as an antihyperlipidemic agent. Methodology: Three trials were done to clarify the hyperlipidemic thesis of Punica Granatum peels, screening of the phytochemical content by HPLC/ GC; half of the lethal dose LD50 measurement, and, the prophylactic effect was analyzed in high lipid diet-fed male mice with the histopathological study. T he Results: 33 ingredients have been identified using HPLC/GC, the LD50 was 504mg/kg of the body weight, and the anti-hyperlipidemic result revealed the capability of the acetone aqueous extract to reduce Cholesterol, LDL, HDL, VLDL, TG, ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP. Furthermore, the reason the acetone aqueous extract was able to increase antioxidant enzymes, whereas it increased T. Chol. /HDL. Chol and total protein is poly-phenolic in the extract. Conclusion: We suggest considering this study as a seeker for unborn studies n hyperlipidemia.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of Five Membered Heterocycles from Chalcones and their Biological Evaluation for Anti-Hyperglycaemic Activity
T he development of environmentally friendly and efficient protocol for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is the current demand of synthetic community. Solvent-free synthesis has emerged as a sustainable approach reducing waste generation, and minimizing environmental impact. In this connection, we have developed a solvent-free method for the construction of five membered heterocycles i.e. isoxazoline and pyrazoline from α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and Hydrazine/hydroxylamine hydrochloride. This protocol involves the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and hydrazine hydrochloride/hydroxylamine hydrochloride under solvent free conditions to provide the substituted isoxazoline and pyrazoline in excellent yields. The synthesized compounds were characterized through 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectral data and IR. These newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antihyperglycemic activity using sucrose loaded diabetic model. Isoxazoline derivatives offered potent antihyperglycemic response than correspondence pyrazoline derivatives. Compounds bearing isoxazoline ring II A and II E showed maximum % fall of blood glucose level than control group which was comparable to the standard drug metformin. The newer compounds VIA, VIB, and VIC also evaluated for their anti-hyperglycemic activities, compound VIC showed appreciable response (62.5% antihyperglycemic activity).
Assessing Patient Profiles and Outcomes with Vildagliptin 100 mg Sustained Release (SR) in Individuals Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Background: This study centers around Vildagliptin 100 mg Sustained Release (SR) Once Daily (OD), a Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor used to treat Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2D). Its once-daily formulation reduces pill burden and improves compliance. With the sustained release formulation, there is an extended release of Vildagliptin in a programmed manner. Since real-world data on patient profile, outcomes, and safety are scarce, this study aims to assess the effectiveness of Vildagliptin 100mg SR OD in individuals with T2D with respect to glycemic parameters. Methodology: A cohort of 3,316 participants from 146 Indian sites was enrolled based on the criterion of having visited twice within the preceding year, meeting inclusion criteria, and receiving a prescription for Vildagliptin 100mg SR once daily. All participating sites were provided with an electronic Case Report Form (eCRF) for the collection of anonymized data. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) Udyaan Healthcare (Registration No. ECR/1300/Inst/UP/2019). Results: The study involved 3,316 participants, with 65.5% males and 34.5% females. After a 3-month follow-up, HbA1c levels decreased on average by 0.7% (8.0% to 7.3%, p-value <0.001). Those with a baseline HbA1c of >=9% saw a notable drop of 1.1%. The obese group had a weight reduction of 2.7 kgs, surpassing the non-obese group’s drop of 1.5 kgs. The HTN group showed a more considerable reduction in HbA1c levels (0.67% vs. 0.58%) compared to the non-HTN group. Conclusion: The administration of 100 mg SR Vildagliptin once daily proves to be an effective and well-tolerated strategy for achieving glycemic control. However, it is essential to emphasize the necessity for additional future research to deepen our understanding and optimize the utilization of this treatment approach.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Reports
DEX Immunotherapy Pharmaco-Biotechnological Advances in Multimodal Therapy for Cancer
This article reviews the synergy between pulsed dendritic cell exosome (DEX) immunotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer treatment. DEX exosomes, which act as immune system modulators, enhance chemotherapy efficacy by modifying the tumor microenvironment and activating an immune response targeted against tumor cells. This combination not only amplifies cancer cell destruction but also protects healthy cells, thus reducing systemic adverse effects of chemotherapy. The article highlights preclinical and clinical advances demonstrating the effectiveness of this combined strategy, showing promising results in tumors resistant to conventional treatments. Despite the benefits, challenges such as the high production cost of exosomes and the need to optimize treatment protocols for different cancer types are identified. Additionally, future research directions are presented, focusing on improving personalized treatments through genetically modified exosomes. In conclusion, the combination of DEX and chemotherapy has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment, enhancing both treatment tolerance and clinical efficacy.
Gentle Skepticism to the Degeneracy Nature of “First Genetic Code UUU”
T his study reports our discoveries about the serious defects of the genetic topic “UUU’s degeneracy”, as Matthaei-Nirenberg poly-U experiment in 1961 never mentioned the degeneracy nature of first genetic code UUU. Ochoa’s experimental conclusion “3U:phe, 2U1C:phe” was lack of the chemical transforming process between “20 groups of 3 nucleotides (or 20 species of amino acids)” and “64 linear nucleotide triplets( or 64 times of amino acids frequency), the mathematical transformation of three consecutive nucleotides on Watson-Crick model of DNA from 64 linear triplets to 20 triangles (in Gamow’s observation of diamond code) could never be the chemical relations to make “20 species of amino acids” repeated to “64 times of amino acids” , and Ochoa’s UUU was neither a group of three U, nor linear triplet UUU. Many concepts involved in UUU’s degeneracy seriously violates Matthaei-Nirenberg poly-U experiment in 1961. • In mathematics, the parameters array of (1:1, 1:1, 1:1, 1:1, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:3, 1:6, 1:6, 1:6, 1:6) is not only the “degeneracy value” of each triplet, but also the “expansion value” of each amino acid, therefore, each amino acid can be chosen to correspond any value of triplets in Gamow - Crick “coding” proposals. Wobble Hypothesis only changes anticodon and doesn’t change the species of amino acids on tRNA. In chemistry, Poly-(U,C) producing poly-phe in non-Nirenberg experiments serious violates Poly-U producing poly-phe in Matthaie-Nirenberg experiments. No biochemists find the model protein in which the phenylalanine has only 2 shares, nor the total proportion among different amino acids are as “(1:1:2 :2,:2 :2:2 :2 :2 :2:2 :3:4 :4:4:4:4:6:6:6) “, and in which the model nucleic acid has 64 triplet (each triplet codon displays once in the model nucleic acids). In the end, we suggest to cancel the concept of UUU’s degeneracy, i.e.: “UUU degenerate to UUC” cannot be established in biochemical sciences.
Crick’s 4 × 4 × 4 <the Genetic Code> Table
On the Origin, Emergence and Pathogenic Patterns of Acinetobacter baumannii
Acinetobacter baumannii is a deadly Gram-negative species of bacteria whose virulence and resistance to antibiotics is threatening the lives of patients in hospitals across the globe. The examination of Acinetobacter baumannii’s virulent behaviour patterns in secluded synthetic, as well as ecological environments and; its acquisition of genes responsible for its persistence in sterile synthetic environments and those responsible for its lethality to humans reveal clear evidence of its recent artificial outbreak origin, virulent emergence and spread within healthcare facility populations around the World. A method of killing Acinetobacter baumannii is proposed based on the information presented herein.
Exploring the Impact of Nanoparticles in the Human Body and Brain
Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field with vast implications across numerous industries, including medicine. The ability to manipulate matter at the nanoscale has opened up new possibilities for targeted drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and medical imaging. One particular area of study within nanotechnology is the use of nanoparticles in the human body. When the size of particles between 1-100 nanometers are known as nanoparticles. They differ from their bulk counterparts in terms of their characteristics and behaviors. This is due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and quantum confinement effects. In this article we examine the latest research on nanoparticles in the human body, highlighting their potential applications, as well as concerns and challenges associated with their use. Nanoparticles have shown great promise in different biomedical uses such as the delivery of drugs, biosensors and imaging agents. T hey ideal candidates for targeted drug delivery, as they can accumulate at specific sites in the body and release therapeutic agents in a controlled manner.
Revision of the Jones Criteria for the Diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever at Jiblah University Hospital, Yemen
Background: Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) is an important and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Yemen. Jones criteria provided a standardized approach for the identification of Acute Rheumatic Fever and facilitated an improvement in early case detection Aims: To determine the extent to which physicians rely on Jones criteria to diagnose acute rheumatic fever in patients attending Jiblah University Hospital, Yemen. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Jiblah University Hospital in Jiblah town, Yemen. Data of 71 convenience samples were collected through an open-ended questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Of 71 clinically diagnosed cases of ARF who tested high ASO titer, only 10 (14.1%) met the revised Jones criteria. Conclusions: The financial inability of patients to undergo Doppler echocardiography coupled with physician’s negligence about the importance of Jones criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever and their reliance on high ASO titers for diagnosing rheumatic fever could lead to misdiagnosis of rheumatic fever in the study area.
A Novel Reversed Phase HPLC Assay Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Glucose, Sodium Citrate and Chlorides in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Drug Solution for Oral Rehydration
A rapid, straightforward, sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was employed to simultaneously determine Glucose, Sodium Citrate, and chloride in a drug solution for oral solution. Glucose, Sodium Citrate, and Chlorides are all listed in the USP monograph. While various assay methods are available, titrimetric methods are ineffective for trace-level quantification. Although IC, AAS, and ICP-MS offer high accuracy, they are expensive and often inaccessible to many testing facilities. When selecting methods, it’s crucial to consider quality control requirements and user-friendly techniques. A simple proprietary HPLC method has been developed to simultaneously quantify Chlorides, Glucose, and Sodium Citrate, with a shorter run time. The separation was carried out using a Shim-pack SCR-102(H) ion exclusion analytical column (7.9 mm x 300 mm, 7 µm) with a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The column compartment was kept at 40°C, and the injection volume was 10 µL, with detection at 200 nm. All measurements were performed in a 0.1% phosphoric acid solution. The analytical curves showed excellent linearity (r > 0.9999) within the concentration ranges of 0.74 to 1.74 mg/mL for Sodium Citrate (SC), 1.0 to 2.5 mg/mL for Sodium Chloride (SC), and 3.0 to 7.3 mg/mL for Glucose. The method was validated according to the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q2B) and USP<1225>. The method demonstrated precision, robustness, accuracy, and selectivity. During accelerated stability testing over six months, no significant variations were observed in organoleptic analysis and pH. Consequently, the developed method is considered suitable for routine quality control analyses, enabling the simultaneous determination of Sodium Citrate, Chloride, and Glucose in pharmaceutical formulations and solutions for oral rehydration.
The Impact of Associations on Accessibility of Medicinal Cannabis in Brazil Looking at Fasciculated Roots of Policy and Access to Products
This mini-review analyzes the crucial role of associations in improving access to medical Cannabis in Brazil. It highlights the facilitating role of social control, which paves the way for access to medical Cannabis in the country by promoting public debates and generating evidence from real-life experiences. These associations exert a significant influence on the development of policies and patient access to Cannabis-derived products. Despite the lack of specific regulatory frameworks, they are emerging as essential entities in the healthcare landscape, particularly for patients in need of Cannabis-based treatments. In addition to facilitating access to medicine through advocacy and legal support, these organizations are also involved in the production and supply of medical Cannabis. This review addresses the current challenges facing the associations, such as strict prohibitionist policies, the need for quality standards, and limited research. It also discusses potential opportunities in the absence of a robust regulatory environment, with growth supported by a fasciculated root system.
Roles and Identity of Community Pharmacists in the Philippine Rural Setting
Despite being the most accessible healthcare professionals in the community, Filipino community pharmacists remain underutilized. This study aims to explore the roles and identity of Filipino community pharmacists in a selected third-class rural municipality in Pampanga, utilizing a phenomenological design from November 2017 to February 2018. Licensed community pharmacists, regardless of demographics or professional background, participated in in-depth interviews. Additionally, interviews were conducted with drugstore owners and frequent customers to validate findings. Interviews were coded and transcribed, with bracketing observed. Qualitative data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method, including Cool and Warm Analyses. Themes emerged describing the roles of Filipino community pharmacists: promoting safe drug use, ensuring medicine quality, counseling patients, training pharmacy assistants, and managing records. The identity of Filipino community pharmacists as drug experts, managers, and sellers also emerged. Factors influencing their identity included workplace experience, advocacy on drug use, desire to uplift the profession, and love towards hometown. The study revealed that while participants are aware of their roles and identity, their experiences at work and local beliefs significantly influence their practice.
A Case Study of Parasomnia with Concurrent Insomnia and Zolpidem Sensitivity
A 42-year-old male patient presenting to sleep clinic with 122-year history of sleep onset insomnia and soliloquy was studied. Following assessment, the patient was referred for CBTi therapy intervention. The all night polysomnogram did not capture the soliloquy but 3-4 episodes per week and more in times of stress were confirmed by the patient’s bed partner. Sleep log data indicated a reduction in insomnia by week six. Exposure therapy sessions were incorporated following two extreme stress conditions followed by repeated soliloquy episodes with increased wakefulness with an increase in the prescribed zolpidem prescription from 5mg HS to 10 mg HS.