Journal of Spine Research & Reports is an open access peer-reviewed journal from the publishers of Scientific Research and Community (SRC) which publishes articles in the form of written, video and power-point presentations from the arena of Spine Research & Reports. The journal focuses to build up accessing the complete content of articles freely from online for reader’s perusal. Article acceptance will be in the form of research, review, case reports, analysis, magazines, editorials, opinion, communications, mini-review, short communications, picturized, book review, video type and power point presentations (PPTS). Articles can be submitted through online from https://srcpublishers.com/spine-research-reports/user/register or can send through an e-mail with attachment for Email: spineresearch@onlinescientificresearch.info. 0.35 Impact Factor 84.5% Citations 90% Acceptance
Optimizing Recovery: Multimodal Physiotherapy for Secondary Lymphedema Post-Lumpectomy in a Geriatric Breast Cancer Patient:A Case Report
Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema (BCRL) is a chronic and debilitating complication following breast cancer treatment, with older adults being particularly vulnerable due to age-related physiological changes. Early physiotherapy plays a pivotal role in reducing lymphedema progression and improving function.This case report describes a 70-year-old woman with secondary lymphedema involving the left upper limb and bilateral lower limbs following a left breast lumpectomy (2020) and recurrent breast cancer (2025). She presented with fatigue, sleep disturbances, restricted shoulder mobility, weakness, and difficulty with daily activities. Initial evaluation indicated Stage 3 lymphedema with impaired functional scores (QuickDASH: 59/100; BFI: 6.88). An eight-week multimodal physiotherapy program, including manual lymphatic drainage, compression bandaging, Kinesio taping, therapeutic exercise, posture correction, breathing training, neurodynamics, yoga-based therapy, and self-management education, resulted in significant improvements. Post-intervention, she demonstrated reduced edema, improved mobility and strength, decreased fatigue, and enhanced independence. This case underscores the value of structured physiotherapy in managing BCRL in geriatric patients.
Breast Cancer, Lymphedema, Physiotherapy, Manual Lymphatic Drainage, Geriatric Rehabilitation
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
When Convex Growth Arrest in the Thoracic Spine fails to controlprogression of a congenital scoliosis: Case Report
Congenital scoliosis are one type of Early-Onset Scoliosis (EOS), a paediatric spinal deformity that progresses rapidly before the age of 10. Due to the high risk of spinal curvature aggravation and subsequent thoracic constraints during the critical period for lung development early in life, these young children with EOS may develop impaired pulmonary function. Some of these patients are at risk of developing Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome (TIS) due to Volume Depletion Deformities (VDD), particularly the Type II (with rib synostosis). In the past, early spinal fusion of the thoracic spine was the standard surgical treatment but resulted in iatrogenic restrictive lung disease due to shortening of thorax “height”. For some of the congenital cases, Convex Growth Arrest (CGA or hemiepiphysiodesis) of the main spinal curvature is a recognized growth-guided surgical technique, appropriate to deal with this type of condition, but the outcome can be rather unreliable and its failure can lead to severe residual chest and spinal deformities that may compromise pulmonary function in the same way. Case Report: This is a 2 year old boy with Goldenhar Syndrome, a congenital condition with several spine and rib deformities like hemivertebrae, butterfly vertebrae, fused ribs and congenital scoliosis. With all these anomalies present, the thoracic scoliosis progressed to 75º by two years of age and he underwent a CGA in order to stop curve deterioration and hopefully to improve the deformity. However, despite this procedure the scoliosis got progressively worse and at 5y of age had a cobb angle of 114º. Upon discussion of the several alternatives to improve the spinal deformity, a VEPTR (spine to rib) was inserted at the of age five with subsequent repeated distraction program that successfully controlled the deformity. The boy at the age of ten had the curvature almost fully corrected but due to the hospital’s waiting list, the final procedure was only performed by the age of thirteen (with progression of the curvature). He reached skeletal maturity with definitive posterior spinal instrumented fusion in a stable condition with preserved respiratory function leading a normal life, able to play tennis. Conclusions: For patients at risk of TIS due to congenital EOS and rib synostosis, expandable thoracic distraction device is an alternative growth sparing tool in the armamentarium to correct a severe thoracic scoliosis while preserving thoracic spine lengthening and optimizing pulmonary growth development. Failure of hemiepiphysiodesis often requires more invasive salvage techniques to manage aggressive curve progression. Clinical success should be assessed by the stabilization of respiratory condition and preservation of vertical trunk growth in a balanced spine, rather than by correction of the Cobb angle only.
Early-Onset Scoliosis, Congenital Scoliosis, Convex Growth Arrest, Hemiephysiodesis, VEPTR, Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome, Complications, Expandable Thoracic Distraction System
Endoscopic Medial Facetectomy and Decompression Release Locked Facet Joint and Correcting Degenerative Spine Deformity
Multilevel spine degenerative deformity should be described in 3 column theory of lumbar degenerative cascade to detect completely the degenerative damages or deformers. Theory of degenerative spine deformity is a combination between 2 factors: 1. spine stabilizer (disc, 2 facet joints, anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament, supraspinatus ligament, multifidus muscle) and 2. Spine deformer (degenerative damages). Normal facet joint is a gliding joint in flexion, rotation, and lateral bending, in degenerative facet joint the hypertrophy will lock the joint function in deformity. The concept of minimally invasive endoscopic spine surgery is removing the deformers with decompression, release locked facet joint through medial facetectomy and retain the stabilizers. After locked facet released and deformers are removed, the stabilizer’s function is reapplied, and the deformity can be corrected naturally.
Endoscopy, Spine Degeneration, Deformity, Locked Facet Joint
A Patient with Brainstem Infarction and Recurrent Fever a CaseReport
Introduction: Bilateral medulla oblongata infarction (BMOI) is a rare subtype of all ischemic strokes often leading to tetraplegia including autonomic dysregulation. Underlying infection occurring concomitantly during initial treatment might be underdiagnosed due to overlapping symptomatic. Case Presentation: We present a case of an immunocompetent patient with pulmonary tuberculosis, who developed acute tetraplegia following a BMOI. The patient started experiencing daily episodes of high fever shortly after the insult. After numerous initial negative screenings for tuberculosis, the recurrent fever of unknown origin pointed towards an autonomic nerve system in connection with the recent medullary lesion. However, an atypical pulmonary tuberculosis radiological presentation with a diffuse tree-in-bud sign on a Computer Tomography-scan, absent meningeal involvement in the lumbar puncture, but finally the presence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in tracheal secretion confirmed the diagnoses of Tuberculosis. The patient was successfully treated with quadruple therapy for two months followed by dual therapy (Rifampicin and Isoniazid) for an additional four months. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection in an immunocompetent patient with rapid onset of tetraplegia, showing symptoms resembling autonomic dysreflexia, typically observed in patients with spinal cord injuries at/above the T6 level, but also existent in those with ischemic medullary lesions. Conclusion: In patients with recent BMOI and recurrent fever, tuberculosis should be always a key consideration in the differential diagnosis during the initial treatment besides the diagnoses of autonomic dysregulation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
Adolescent Lumbar Spondylolisthesis and a Double Major CurveScoliosis-are they Related? Can we Preserve Lumbar Motion
The coexistence of idiopathic scoliosis and spondylolisthesis is well documented, yet their etiological relationship remains unclear. In some cases, scoliosis may arise secondarily due to the mechanical impact of spondylolisthesis, while in others, both conditions occur independently. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl with symptomatic grade III isthmic spondylolisthesis and mild lumbar scoliosis. Conservative management failed due to non-compliance, leading to progression of both the vertebral slip and spinal curvature. Surgical stabilization of the spondylolisthesis was performed, but scoliosis continued to worsen, ultimately requiring posterior thoracic fusion T3-T12 - preserving motion of the lumbar spine. Following this, the lumbar curve improved spontaneously. At three-year follow-up, the patient remained pain-free, with reduced asymmetry and preserved function. This case illustrates the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in managing concomitant scoliosis and spondylolisthesis. Scoliotic curves in this context may be classified as idiopathic, spasm-related (functional), or olisthetic (structural). Identifying the nature of the scoliosis is essential for selecting the appropriate treatment strategy and determining whether spinal fusion should address one or both deformities. Independent idiopathic curves should be managed per standard guidelines, whereas secondary curves may improve after addressing the underlying spondylolisthesis. In patients with coexisting scoliosis and spondylolisthesis, careful assessment is needed to distinguish between idiopathic and secondary curves. Timely surgical intervention in symptomatic spondylolisthesis may prevent or reverse associated deformity, but progressive concomitant idiopathic scoliosis may still require specific surgical management.
Effect of Muscle Energy Technique versus Maitland Mobilizationwith Iastm on Pain and Disability in Shoulder Periarthritis: ARandomized Controlled Trial
The shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) is a ball and socket joint between the scapula and humerus. It is the major joint connecting the upper limb to the trunk. It is one of the most mobile joints in the human body, at the cost of joint stability. The shoulder joint is formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. This gives rise to the alternate name for the shoulder joint. Like most synovial joints, the articulating surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage. The head of the humerus is much larger than the glenoid fossa, giving the joint a wide range of movement at the cost of inherent instability. To reduce the disproportion in surfaces, the glenoid fossa is deepened by a fibrocartilage rim, called the glenoid labrum. As a ball and socket synovial joint, there is a wide range of movement permitted: Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Internal rotation, External rotation.
An Odontoid Screw/Standalone Anterior Cervical Interbody CageHybrid Can Stabilize a Combined C2 Fracture: A Technical CaseReport
Objective: This operative case report describes the hybridization of an odontoid screw and standalone anterior cervical cage to stabilize concomitant odontoid and posterior element fractures of C2 in a single stage surgery. Background: There are a myriad of fracture patterns of the C2 vertebral body, which can occur in isolation or combination, and may complicate otherwise straightforward fixation strategies. So-called "type 3" displaced odontoid fractures with a coexisting posterior element fracture is one such scenario. The surgical treatment of these complex injuries may be optimized with innovative constructs. Case Presentation: A 30s-year-old male presented to our institution after a traumatic fall down stairs. They denied any preexisting or new neurologic deficit at the time of initial consultation. Imaging revealed a broad-based transverse fracture of the odontoid process of C2 with 6mm of anterior displacement and extension of the fracture line through the left pars interarticularis. The combination of these injuries was judged to warrant operative stabilization to prevent neurologic decline. Given the complex and likely unstable fracture pattern, patient’s age, and concern for neurologic function, a previously undescribed hybrid construct was conceived of and performed. A single odontoid screw was placed through the vertically oriented hole of a single level anterior cervical cage after C2/3 discectomy, thereby achieving fixation of the odontoid and vertebral motion segment simultaneously. Results: The operation was performed without complication. The patient had an uneventful recovery from surgery in a rigid cervical collar, and postoperative imaging demonstrated satisfactory hardware placement and early fusion of both fractures at two months. Conclusion: A previously undescribed technique of hybridizing a standalone anterior cervical cage with an odontoid screw was used to achieve simultaneous fixation of a combined odontoid and posterior element fracture pattern. This hybrid construct represents a novel surgical fixation strategy for these rare fractures
Challenges and Strategies in "Spinal Damage Control" as a TreatmentModality for Unstable Vertebral Fractures in Polytrauma Patients: ANarrative Literature Review and a Proposed Algorithm
Introduction: Trauma is the leading cause of death in individuals aged 5 to 44 years in developed countries. Although various orthopedic protocols have been developed for treating long bone fractures, managing vertebral fractures in polytraumatized patients remains a clinical challenge. This is evidenced by the fact that mortality among these patients has remained virtually unchanged over the past 20 years. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scielo databases, covering the years 2011 to 2024. Articles most relevant to the management of unstable vertebral fractures in polytrauma patients were included. Both Spanish and English articles were reviewed. Pathophysiology: Polytraumatized patients exhibit unique physiological responses, characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory reaction following trauma, subsequently transitioning to an immunosuppressive counter-regulatory response in an effort to achieve homeostasis. While "windows of opportunity" for intervention have been extensively studied for long bone fractures, the literature on vertebral injuries remains sparse. Management: Leveraging the extensive literature on polytrauma physiology, timely intervention opportunities, the specific characteristics of vertebral trauma, and the demonstrated benefits of damage control orthopedic surgery, we propose a management algorithm. This algorithm classifies polytraumatized patients with vertebral fractures into three groups (stable, borderline, and unstable) to determine candidates for early definitive osteosynthesis versus those who would benefit from vertebral external fixation.
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Refractive Loupes as anIntervention to Prevent Chronic Neck and Back Pain in UndergraduateDental Students- A Longitudinal Study
Chronic neck and back pain are prevalent among dental professionals, stemming from the static and often awkward positions required during clinical practice. This longitudinal study investigates the effectiveness of Refractive loupes, an ergonomic intervention, in mitigating such musculoskeletal issues among undergraduate dental students. Despite being advocated for posture improvement, traditional loupes may exacerbate neck pain due to prolonged static neck positions. However, the impact of ergonomic loupes, designed to maintain neutral neck positions, remains unexplored. This study enrolled undergraduate dental students from the UK and Australia, provided them with Refractive loupes, and tracked their neck and back pain scores over two years. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires assessing pain levels, posture, and loupe use history. Results indicate a significant reduction in pain incidence (15.5%) post-refractive use, with 30.6% of participants reporting pain at the study's end compared to 46.1% at the beginning of the study. Notably, 92.3% reported improved posture ratings despite 39.1% experiencing increased pain, suggesting additional factors contributing to pain development beyond posture alone. Further analysis reveals that later adoption of Refractive loupes correlates with increased pain, suggesting a potential preventive benefit if initiated earlier in dental education. Additionally, a comparison of traditional loupe users with their non-loupe-using counterparts indicates more significant pain reduction among the loupe-using cohort post-refractive use, highlighting the need for more extensive studies in this area. In conclusion, Refractive loupes effectively reduce musculoskeletal pain among undergraduate dental students. Nevertheless, challenges persist, warranting continued research into optimal intervention timing and the role of the loupe type used in pain mitigation.
Assessing Barriers towards Promotion of Guyana’s Health TourismIndustry- A Systematic Review
Health tourism, often referred to as medical tourism, presents a promising avenue for economic growth and healthcare advancement in Guyana, a nation endowed with abundant natural resources. However, the development of health tourism is contingent upon navigating a complex landscape of barriers, encompassing infrastructure limitations, legal and governmental variables, and healthcare system-related elements. This comprehensive study aims to explore and analyze these barriers and propose strategies to facilitate the growth of health tourism in Guyana. Objectives: • To identify the primary obstacles hindering the development of health tourism in Guyana. • To recommend strategies for overcoming these barriers and fostering the growth of health tourism. Findings: Infrastructure Elements: Inadequate healthcare infrastructure, transportation, and accessibility pose significant challenges. The government and private sector initiatives, such as the development of specialty hospitals and modern healthcare facilities, show promise in addressing these infrastructure limitations. Legal and Governmental Variables (Inter-sectoral): Guyana's political stability, regulatory framework, and economic climate significantly impact health tourism. Collaborative efforts, policy reforms, and streamlined regulations are crucial to attracting internal and external investments. Health System-Related Elements (Intra-sectoral): Challenges in recruiting and retaining skilled healthcare professionals, language barriers, and human resource management are recognized obstacles. Addressing these issues requires investments in education, training, and attractive incentives for healthcare workers. Conclusion: This study highlights the multifaceted barriers to health tourism development in Guyana and underscores the importance of collaboration among stakeholders, policy reforms, infrastructure development, and investment in human resources. Overcoming these barriers will not only enhance the nation's healthcare system but also position Guyana as a desirable destination for health tourists.
Vertebral Growth Modulation with Pedicular Tethering for theTreatment of AIS: A Proof of Concept Report
For the adolescents with progressive Idiopathic Scoliosis and a Cobb angle beyond 25º, bracing is still the standard of care. However, many curves will continue to deteriorate due to refractory progression, refusal to accept this type of treatment or patient noncompliance. Surgery is required when nonoperative management fails, in order to prevent curve progression, correct the deformity and to minimize morbidity but at the costs of fusing a segment of the deformed spine and loosing spinal motion. For this reason, over the last decades, surgeons have been searching for other surgical alternatives to achieve the same objectives.
Can Vertebral Pedicular Tethering Preserve Lumbar Motion in theSurgical Treatment of a Lenke 6C Idiopathic Scoliosis? -TechnicalNote
In the paediatric age group, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common cause of spinal deformity. When the scoliosis progresses beyond 45º of cobb angle, the optimal treatment is surgery with an arthrodesis in order to correct the deformity, stop curve progression and improve spinal balance. Although not ideal, the gold standard surgical treatment of AIS is still fusion of the structural curves but fusing long or short is a matter of the type of scoliosis. According to the Lenke Classification for a type 6C scoliosis, a deformity with a double curve where the major curve is thoracolumbar/lumbar, meaning with a cobb angle larger than in the thoracic curve, if it progresses and reaches an indication for surgery, a long extensive fusion is often required. Occasionally, a restricted number of these cases may be suitable for a shorter selected fusion that means, leaving the thoracic curve out of the arthrodesis but the main thoraco-lumbar or lumbar curve will always require to be fused.
A Case Report of Severe Clavicle Fracture and Shoulder DislocationResulting in Complete Arm Detachment Following OccupationalAccident
Clavicle fractures are common injuries typically caused by direct shoulder pressure from falls, vehicular accidents, or during childbirth. They present with symptoms such as severe pain, swelling, bruising, and limited shoulder movement, and are diagnosed through physical examination and imaging techniques like X-rays, CT scans, or MRI. Surgical intervention, including open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), is often necessary to stabilize the fracture. This case report describes a rare instance of a clavicle fracture leading to a full arm severance in a 45-year-old male following an industrial accident. The patient presented with severe trauma and was managed through emergency surgical intervention and multidisciplinary care. This report highlights the importance of thorough evaluation and collaboration in managing complex orthopedic injuries, emphasizing the need for effective workplace safety protocols to prevent such incidents.
Spinal Cord Reperfusion Injury Syndrome: A Rare Post-SurgicalComplication after Spinal Cord Decompression that Makes theSurgeon Doubtful about his Surgical Skills
Background: Spinal cord reperfusion injury syndrome (SCRIS) is a very rare pathology with little literature on the subject. The pathophysiology of SCRIS/ WCS is poorly understood to date but the most widely accepted is that the sudden increase in blood flow at the level of the medullary compression area would cause the release of free radicals, causing damage to the axonal membrane. Severe or post-surgical tetraplegia together with an emergency magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in which spinal cord hyperintensity is observed on T2 will make us suspect the diagnosis once the most frequent complications of spinal cord decompression have been ruled out. Purpose: Understand and evaluate decision-making when facing a case of SCRIS/WCS. Study Setting: Case report. Objective: Evaluate the appropriate approach to SCRIS/WCS and review the literature. Clinical Observation: we report a rare case of spinal cord reperfusion injury in a 65-year-old female. The first case reported in Ecuador. Conclusion: The SCRIS/WCS is a rare pathology with little literature reported so far. The most accepted physiopathology is the sudden increase in blood flow over a chronically compressed spinal cord with the consequent increase in free radicals which lead to neural membrane injury. A very important risk factor to consider is hypertension as a history of the patient. Sudden quadriplegia or immediate post-surgical spinal cord decompression will make us request a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the possible most frequent complications, once each of them has been ruled out and with an increase in T2-weighted intensity, it will guide us towards the diagnosis. The skill and training of the surgeon is important when making decisions because the cause of this syndrome is not of mechanical origin.
Traumatic Lumbar Subdural Hematoma: Clinical Image
We present the case of a 21-year-old male with sudden onset back pain while exercising and one week of progressive claudication type symptoms culminating in weakness. Imaging revealed a fluid collection consistent with an early subacute subdural hematoma spanning from L3 to midsacrum with the most severe compression at L4-L5. Laminoplasty for subdural hematoma evacuation was required due to neural compression with neurologic deficit. Intraoperative imaging demonstrated good neural decompression without residual hematoma. The patient recovered to his neurologic baseline immediately postoperatively with no symptoms of recurrence over one year. Intraoperative images demonstrated unique findings not previously illustrated in the literature.
Clinical Imaging, Anatomical and Embryological Classification of Sirenomelia, A Case Report
Sirenomelia or mermaid syndrome is a Very Rare congenital Defect (VRD) with a reported prevalence of 0.98 per 100,000 births, where the normally paired lower limbs are replaced by a single midline limb. With few exceptions, sirenomelia is a lethal condition in the perinatal period associated with genital, large bowel, urinary, cardiac or central nervous system defects along with other VRDs such as bladder exstrophy, cyclopia/holoprosencephaly and acardia-acephalus. Antenatal diagnosis of sirenomelia by ultrasound is often impaired by oligohydramnios resulting from the frequently associated bilateral renal a/dysgenesis. A case report describes a live birth by normal vaginal delivery presenting with a single midline limb, two feet and absence of external genitalia/anal orifice. Antenatal ultrasound scans revealed moderate to severe oligohydramnios, and poorly visualised foetal kidneys. This study describes the clinical presentation, associated malformations, and classification of sirenomelia.
Is Consenting For Blindness in Prone Spinal Procedures relevant?
Prone position is commonly used in spinal surgery as well as other specialties. The associated complications with this are well documented within the literature [1]. Informed consenting process for prone spinal operations should entail listing the benefits of the proposed surgical procedure as well as the known complications. The commonly quoted complications by the spinal surgeons are infection, CSF leak, bleeding including major vascular injury [2]. Neurological deficit, bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction, spinal instability, need for revision, stroke, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
Effect of OA (Osteoarthritis) in Gym-Going Adults
Osteoarthritis (OA) has a profound impact on adults who engage in gym activities, influencing both their exercise choices and overall fitness experience. The degeneration of joint cartilage characteristic of OA often leads to pain and discomfort, which can significantly hinder the ability to participate in certain workouts. A study published in the "American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation" found that individuals with knee OA reported increased pain levels during weight-bearing exercises, reinforcing the notion that joint stress during physical activity can exacerbate. The "Journal of Orthopaedic Research" highlights the correlation between joint stiffness and reduced physical activity levels in individuals with hip OA, underscoring its impact on mobility and exercise engagement. The reduced range of motion associated with OA further limits exercise options, emphasizing the importance of tailored fitness plans that accommodate joint limitations. Individuals with OA must adopt an individualized and adaptive approach to gym activities, incorporating low-impact exercises, joint protection strategies, and regular consultations with healthcare professionals to manage the unique challenges posed by this degenerative joint condition while maintaining an active and healthy lifestyle [1-3]. Exercise has been shown to have a stronger impact on physical function than osteoarthritis pain. Consequently, research to date indicates that exercise has only marginally positive effects on hip OA patients, with function seeming to outweigh pain [4]. Numerous exercise regimens, along with muscle strengthening (resistance training), stretching, range-of-motion exercises, cardiovascular and aerobic conditioning (walking and cycling), neuromuscular exercises, balance training, and Tai Chi, have been documented in the literature for individuals with OA. Exercise that strengthens has a big impact on results. Similar advantages have been observed with strengthening workouts that are isotonic (through range), isometric (without either movement), also isokinetic (done on particular devices) [5]. People with knee and hip OA participate in cardiovascular and/or resistance land-based exercise and aquatic exercise. For hand OA, both strengthening and range of motion exercises are recommended. Aerobic exercise, such as walking or cycling, is a popular choice to reduce pain which is commonly seen in people with osteoarthritis. All forms of exercise are linked to comparatively low adverse effects as compared to traditional pharmaceutical therapies.
Recognizing the Potential Benefits of Exercise in Managing Their Condition
The Importance of Gym Exercises in Various Stages of OA
Impact of Specific Training for Fear Avoidance Beliefs Training onPatients with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain
Background: Fear-avoidance beliefs (FAB) are related to disability, postural stability, and chronicity of low back pain. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of specific training for FAB on postural stability, disability, pain, abdominal and back muscle endurance, and FAB in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NCLBP). Methods: In this queasy experimental study, 51 subjects (27 females and 24 males) with NCLBP were evaluated. Pain intensity, FAB and disability were measured using questionnaires and Postural stability was measured using force plate. Abdominal and back muscle endurance were measured respectively by sit up and Sorensen tests. All the tests were repeated one week and one month after a short-term specific training for FAB. Mixed model repeated measure test was used to compare variables before and after intervention and to evaluate the relation of changes in FAB and pain intensity with changes in parameter of postural stability. Results: After the intervention, pain intensity, FAB score, and disability score decreased significantly, the time of sit up, Sorensen and single leg stance tests increased significantly. Center of pressure (COP) excursion and velocity decreased significantly but they were not related to FAB significantly. Conclusion: Specific training for FAB resulted in decreasing pain intensity, FAB and disability scores and improved postural stability as well as increasing the time of sit up, Sorensen and single leg stance tests in patients with CLBP.
Oswestry Disability Index Scores and the Relationship to Age, Genderand Diagnosis in a Cohort of Patients with Low Back Pain
Background: The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is a commonly used patient reported outcome measure for measuring disability and Quality of Life (QOL) impairment in adult patients in both clinical and research practice. Whilst excellent reliability has been demonstrated the effect of variables such as gender and age on ODI scores appear less well reported. Objective: This study explores the relationship between total ODI scores and factors such as age, gender and diagnosis in a group of low back pain patients. Methods: All patients attending a Spinal Assessment Clinic (SAC) completed the ODI questionnaire at their initial appointment. Data was also collected on age, gender and provisional diagnosis. Results: ODI summary scores were available for 573 patients, with non-specific pain (n=444, 77%), lumbar radiculopathy (n=87, 15%) and spinal claudication (n=42, 7%). Only gender was related to ODI score, with females reporting higher ODI scores across all diagnostic categories, although the average difference between male and female scores failed to reach the Minimally Clinically Important Difference in all categories. Conclusions: A patient’s self-reported levels of disability, as measured by the ODI are influenced by their gender more than by their diagnosis or age.
How do Buddhists Handle Coronavirus: Meditate for your Telomere?
Since the emergence of COVID-19, the Dalai Lama, other senior monks and Buddhist organizations in Asia and worldwide have emphasized that this pandemic calls for meditation, compassion, generosity and gratitude. Such messages reinforce a common view in the West of Buddhism as more philosophy than religion–a spiritual, perhaps, but secular practice associated with mindfulness, happiness and stress reduction. But for many people around the world Buddhism is a religion – a belief system that includes strong faith in supernatural powers. As such, Buddhism has a large repertoire of healing rituals that go well beyond meditation. There are three main schools of traditional Buddhism: Theravāda, practiced in most of Southeast Asia; Mahāyāna, the form most prevalent in East Asia; and Vajrayāna, commonly associated with Tibet and the Himalayan region. In Buddhist-majority places, the official COVID-19 pandemic response includes conventional emergency health and sanitation measures like recommending face masks, hand-washing and stay-at-home orders. But within religious communities, Buddhist leaders also are using a range of ritual apotropaics – magical protection rites – to protect against disease.
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Spine Research & Reports
Cervical Spine Injuries Most Commonly Occur in Traffic Accidents
The spine is made up of vertebrae, ring-shaped bones that line up in a row to form the spinal canal. Inside the spinal canal is the spinal cord - a bundle of nerve fibers and cells that conduct nerve impulses from the brain to various parts of the body and vice versa. The individual nerves that exit the spinal canal are separated from the spinal cord. In vertebral fractures, bone fragments can injure the spinal cord, leading to partial or complete muscle loss and loss of sensation below the level of the injury. The spinal cord can be damaged at the very moment of the vertebral injury, but also later when moving and carrying the injured person. Injuries occur when direct physical force damages the vertebrae, ligaments or discs of the spine, causing crushing, crushing or rupture of brain tissue, and penetrating brain injuries. Such injuries can also lead to vascular damage leading to ischemia or hematoma causing additional damage. All types of injuries can cause brain edema which further reduces blood flow and oxygenation.
The Psychiatric Manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis and their Treatment with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Literature Review and Case Report
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It could be manifested by physical and psychological symptoms. The historical background, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of MS with disease-modifying therapies are briefly summarized. The psychiatric manifestations of MS and their treatment are reviewed and include major depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis, anxiety, insomnia, personality changes, cognitive impairment, pseudobulbar affect and substance use disorders.
The Role of Buddhism Meditation in Spinal Cord Healing
Meditation lets you become more aware and more purposeful about your actions. It teaches you how to respond, rather than react, to situations in your life. Meditation sounds simple. But it takes discipline to remain still in body and mind. You have to block out the world around you and quiet your thoughts. You also need to practice at least 10 to 20 minutes a day to get the most out of your meditation. The benefits of meditation include: Lower blood pressure, Decreased pain, Better immune system function, Better mood and brain function. Thus there are many theories about how meditation may improve your physical and mental health. One theory is that it reduces activity of the sympathetic nervous system. This leads to a slower heart rate, lower blood pressure, slower breathing, and muscle relaxation.
Pain Remission in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis with Venlafaxine
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a progressive chronic spine condition that is manifested by inflammation that primarily involves the sacroiliac joints. This case report summarizes the diagnosis and the available treatments of AS and then describes a 40-year-old gentleman with AS who experienced a marked decrease in pain when the antidepressant venlafaxine was added during treatment of an episode of major depressive disorder (MDD). The patient wanted to indefinitely maintain venlafaxine treatment for the management of AS associated chronic pain which contributed to his permanent disability and unemployability. The outcome of this single case report is incidental and could not be generalized or implemented as an evidence-based intervention for pain management in AS. Further randomized clinical trials (RTCs) need to be conducted to confirm the beneficial effects of antidepressants in alleviating AS associated pain.