Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors for Complications and Treatment Outcomes in Adult Appendicitis: A Single-Center Study

Abstract

Background: Appendicitis remains a common surgical emergency, but risk factors for complications and optimal treatment strategies require further clarification. This study analyzed clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and risk factors for complications in adult appendicitis patients.

Methods: Data from 850 adult appendicitis patients (≥18 years) treated at a tertiary center (2021–2023) were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, clinical features, surgical methods, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Univariate/multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors for  complications.

Results: Median age was 38 years (IQR: 26–52), with 56% male patients. Perforated appendicitis occurred in 28% (238/850), and 12% (102/850) had comorbidities (diabetes/hypertension). Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) was performed in 78% (663/850), associated with lower complication rates (9.1% vs. 18.6%, p<0.001) and shorter hospital stay (3 vs. 5 days, p<0.001) compared to open appendectomy (OA). Multivariate analysis identified perforation (OR=3.21, 95%CI:2.14–4.83, p<0.001), age ≥60 years (OR=2.58, 95%CI:1.62–4.13, p<0.001), and comorbidities (OR=1.92, 95%CI:1.27–2.91, p=0.002) as independent risk factors for complications.

Conclusion: Perforation, advanced age, and comorbidities increase complication risk. LA is associated with superior outcomes and should be prioritized in uncomplicated cases.