Unveiling the Multifaceted Benefits of Hippophae Rhamnoides (SeaBuckthorn): From Traditional Medicine to Modern Therapeutics

Abstract

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), a deciduous shrub native to Europe and Asia, has attracted growing scientific attention due to its remarkable nutritional and therapeutic potential. Its berries, seeds, and leaves are rich in bioactive compounds, including vitamins C, A, E, and K, flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol), essential fatty acids (omega-3, -6, -7, -9), phenolic acids, carotenoids, phytosterols, and amino acids. This diverse phytochemical profile underlies its broad pharmacological actions—antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and dermatological. Traditionally valued in Tibetan, Chinese, and Greek medicine, sea buckthorn has found modern uses in nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and functional foods. Its potent antioxidant activity, primarily due to high vitamin C and polyphenol content, helps neutralize free radicals and mitigate oxidative stress. Oil extracted from its seeds and pulp promotes skin regeneration, hydration, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, it shows promise in managing metabolic disorders like diabetes and hyperlipidemia and supports cardiovascular health by improving lipid profiles and regulating blood pressure. Preclinical studies indicate anti-cancer potential through apoptosis induction and tumor growth suppression. While its health-promoting effects are well-documented, clinical validation is needed to determine standardized dosing, safety, and interactions. This review
highlights sea buckthorn’s phytochemistry and therapeutic promise, positioning it as a valuable agent in integrative medicine.