Journal of Vascular Medicine & Surgeries
Editor-in-Chief: Gustavo L Knop Medical Doctor/Physician Instructor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science USA ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5547-3524 Journal of Vascular Medicine & Surgeries (JVMS) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to advancing knowledge and research in vascular medicine, vascular surgery, and related cardiovascular disciplines. The journal provides an international platform for clinicians, surgeons, researchers, academics, and healthcare professionals to share innovative research, clinical findings, surgical techniques, diagnostic approaches, and developments in vascular care. The journal covers a broad range of topics, including arterial and venous diseases, peripheral artery disease, aneurysms, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, vascular imaging, endovascular interventions, vascular reconstruction, limb ischemia, carotid and aortic diseases, venous disorders, vascular trauma, vascular biology, and emerging technologies in vascular medicine and surgery. JVMS welcomes original research articles, review articles, case reports, clinical studies, short communications, editorials, perspectives, mini-reviews, opinions, technical reports, picturized articles, book reviews, video articles, and PowerPoint presentations. As an open-access journal, JVMS aims to make published research freely accessible to readers worldwide, supporting the rapid dissemination and exchange of scientific and clinical knowledge. The journal encourages contributions that advance evidence-based practice, improve patient outcomes, and promote innovation in vascular diagnosis, treatment, and surgical care. Journal of Vascular Medicine & Surgeries welcomes high-quality contributions from researchers and healthcare professionals worldwide and strives to serve as a valuable resource for the vascular medicine and surgical community. Special Issue Title: Advances in Vascular Medicine and Endovascular Surgery Articles can be submitted through online from https://srcpublishers.com/vascular-medicine-surgeries/user/register or can send through an e-mail with attachment for vascularmedicine@onlinescientificresearch.info 0.35 Impact Factor 84.5% Citations 65% Acceptance
Unconventional Use of the Merit Wrapsody® Cell-Impermeable Endoprosthesis for Complex Iliac Arterial Reconstruction: A Two-Case Series
Nonlinear systems with memory arise in learning algorithms, hereditary mechanics, biological regulation, combustion, and other processes whose present state depends on a distributed history of the unknown. This paper develops a compact mathematical and computational framework for regularized Urysohn operators acting on Banach spaces of continuous trajectories. We consider nonlinear integralmemory models of the form
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Vascular Medicine & Surgeries
Kuss-Anderson Pyeloplasty for Horseshoe Kidney
Horseshoe kidney is a congenital malformation characterized by the fusion of the lower poles of both kidneys. It is frequently associated with urological anomalies, notably ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), observed in approximately 15 to 35% of cases.
Reviving A Arteriovenous Fistula after Ligation, Using the PerforatorSystem
The key to this case presentation is based on the particular anatomy of the patient. This 34-year-old CKD patient had a previous ulnar-basilic AVF in the left limb witch was used for dialysis for a few months and was ligated shortly after the renal transplant, in the same year. The AVF was done in a one stage fashion with a short transposition segment as a personal preference of the previous surgeon. Also, the patient had an axillary level brachial artery bifurcation. This made possible reviving the old AVF circuit using the cubital fossa perforator, through the comitant radial vein, and into the basilic vein. The newly executed AVF was patent at 2 weeks when the patient came in for the whole basilic vein transposition. There are not many cases in vascular access literature of old basilic vein AVFs revived through the deep venous system. By using a short graft to construct a graftula that will supply the previous AVF, or using a long segment graft to create a forearm loop or a brachial to axillary AVF, the chances of graft to vein anastomosis stenosis and thus the need for another procedure. Using the patient’s anatomy for creating/reviving a native AVF on the non-dominant upper arm, we can prolong the need for a graft AVF.
Why do Atherosclerotic Plaques Form in the Arteries, but not in theVeins?
Blood flows in the arteries after it is saturated with nutrients in the intestinal walls and oxygen in the lungs. Arterial blood is scarlet, giving energy and life to every cell of the body. The blood in the veins is already spent, poor in nutrients, saturated with carbon dioxide, and there is little oxygen in it. But for some reason that is still unknown to medicine, atherosclerosis and plaques form in the arteries, but there are no plaques in the veins. Why is this happening? Researchers have been thinking about this question for at least the last 100 years, but so far there has been no result.
Off-Island Transfer for Type A Aortic Dissection: A Decade Experiencefrom a Hospital in Guam
Guam, a U.S. territory in the Pacific with 200,000 residents, is the first American soil to see the sunrise each day. Yet, despite its economic and purchasing power matching the U.S. mainland (USM), Guam’s healthcare system is critically flawed. Its immense distance from the USM (nearly 10,000 km) deters American doctors, and with no local medical school, the island cannot train its own. This leaves patients with serious conditions no option but off-island referral. The referral process itself is a major hurdle. Given Guam’s isolation, air travel is mandatory. The closest destinations, either Japan, Taiwan, or the Philippines (PI), are 3-4 hour flights, while Korea is 5 hours away. These long journeys increase the risk of a patient’s condition deteriorating en route. Moreover, most Guam health insurance plans don’t cover off-island care directly, requiring lengthy, case-by-case financial approvals from local insurers, which can critically delay treatment. Over 70% of Guamanians, many with family ties, prefer referral to PI. However, despite specialist availability, PI’s medical infrastructure and care quality don’t meet international standards, often leading to worse patient outcomes [1]. For those seeking U.S. specialists or healthcare, the trips are even longer and more perilous: 7-8 hours to Hawaii (HI) or 12-14 hours to the USM. Such travel also demands pre-trip insurance authorization, adding to concerns about delays.
Diabetes Mellitus may be One of the Atherosclerotic Endpoints ofthe Pancreas
Background: Systemic atherosclerosis may be the major cause of aging and shortened survival in human being. Methods: All cases with sickle cell diseases (SCD) were included. Results: We studied 222 males and 212 females with similar ages of 30.8 vs 30.3 years, p>0.05, respectively. Smoking (23.8% vs 6.1%, p<0.001), alcohol (4.9% vs 0.4%, p<0.001), transfused red blood cells (RBC) in their lives (48.1 vs 28.5 units, p=0.000), disseminated teeth losses (5.4% vs 1.4%, p<0.001), ileus (7.2% vs 1.4%, p<0.001), stroke (12.1% vs 7.5%, p<0.05), chronic renal disease (CRD) (9.9% vs 6.1%, p<0.05), cirrhosis (8.1% vs 1.8%, p<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (25.2% vs 7.0%, p<0.001), coronary heart disease (18.0% vs 13.2%, p<0.05), leg ulcers (19.8% vs 7.0%, p<0.001), and clubbing (14.8% vs 6.6%, p<0.001) were all higher in males. Conclusion: As an accelerated atherosclerotic process, hardened RBC-induced capillary endothelial damage initiated at birth terminates with multiorgan failures in early decades in the SCD. Diabetes mellitus (DM) may be one of the atherosclerotic endpoints of the pancreas. Excess fat tissue may be much more dangerous than smoking and alcohol for the atherosclerotic endpoints since excess fat tissue-induced DM is the most common cause of CRD. Similarly, 20% of elderly have DM, but just 55% of patients with DM are obese. Loss of excess fat tissue in early phases before the development of fibrotic changes on the vascular walls may even be curative in the DM. Acarbose and metformin are safe, cheap, oral, and effective drugs for loss of excess fat tissue.
Sickle Cell Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Excess Fat Tissue, Capillary Endothelial İnflammation, Atherosclerotic Endpoints, Acarbose, Metformin
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Vascular Medicine & Surgeries
Cardiac Amyloidosis in Aortic Stenosis: A Higher Risk Population?
In recent decades, with an aging population, an increase in the prevalence of numerous cardiovascular pathologies have become evident, including aortic stenosis and infiltrative cardiomyopathies such as cardiac amyloidosis. The coexistence of both conditions is not uncommon, and since they share overlapping symptoms, echocardiographic findings, and biomarkers of myocardial damage, the diagnosis of infiltrative cardiomyopathy often remains masked. This underdiagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis in patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis can result in untimely and insufficient treatment. The objectives of this monograph are to analyze the predictors of cardiac amyloidosis caused by senile or wild type transthyretin in patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis, determine whether they constitute a higher-risk population, and explore the available therapeutic alternatives.
Aortic Stenosis, Amyloidosis, Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy
Multiple Coronary Aneurysms: A Case Report
Aneurysmal disease of the coronary arteries is a topic specific to pediatric ages in cardiology practice, with secondary causes in most cases completely related to viral infection by an unknown causative agent, in genetically predisposed people, so encountering an adult patient with these pathological characteristics resulted in a cause of academic discussion. A coronary aneurysm can be defined as a dilation of an arterial segment greater than 1.5 times the diameter of the adjacent normal-sized arteries, taking into account that the diameter of the coronary arteries ranges from 1.5 to 6 mm for the right coronary arteries (RCA) and left coronary arteries, respectively. The left coronary artery (LC) is 60% larger than the RCA. They can be the result of coronary atherosclerosis, congenital, secondary to connective tissue diseases, or infections.
Hospital Records Analysis of Vascular Access for Imuno andChemotherapy
Introduction: Central venous access is essential for the administration of chemotherapy or immunotherapy in cancer treatment, with fully and semi implantable devices associated with greater safety, comfort, and durability compared to other methods. Objective: To analyze hospital records regarding the implantation of fully and semi-implantable central venous catheters, assessing trends in hospitalization, costs, prevalence, and mortality. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, and descriptive study using secondary data from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS),extracted from DATASUS. The variables analyzed included the number of hospitalizations, average length of stay, total cost, prevalence rate and mortality rate. Results: Between 2008 and 2024, implantations increased by more than 600% (from 2,892 to 20,736 procedures), with the highest annual growth between 2022 and 2023. The average hospital stay reduced from 4.0 to 1.5 days. The total cost increased from US$273,583.43 to US$2,287,534.09. The prevalence increased from 1.5 to 8.7 per 1,000 hospitalizations, and mortality decreased from 2.56% to 0.89%, despite intermediate fluctuations. Conclusion: There was a significant increase in the implantation of central venous catheters for immunotherapy and chemotherapy in the SUS, with a reduction in hospital stay and mortality. Costs increased proportionally to the expansion of the procedure.
Central Venous Catheter, Port-A-Cath, Chemotherapy
Avoiding the Surgery! Conservative Management of Extensive BilateralDVT in a Case of Complex Hypercoagulability
Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) can often be triggered by the convergence of multiple predisposing factors, making it challenging to identify the primary trigger in complex cases. Based on the clinical profile, management ranges from medical to surgical interventions. This case highlights the successful conservative management of extensive bilateral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) spanning from the IVC filter down to the lower extremity veins in a patient with multiple coexisting risk factors and hypercoagulable states. Case Presentation: An 88-year-old male presented with acute swelling of the right lower extremity. His past medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension (HTN), chronic kidney disease (CKD), prostate cancer, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and prior thrombotic events, including a saddle pulmonary embolism (PE) managed with Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement. There was a recent hospitalization for a urinary tract infection (UTI) with sepsis, which further compounded his thrombotic risk. Imaging confirmed extensive bilateral DVT below the IVC filter, and laboratory tests revealed hypercoagulability associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Management: Considering the patient’s age, CKD, and extensive thrombosis, a multidisciplinary approach was adopted. The patient was managed conservatively with heparin followed by warfarin, achieving a therapeutic INR of 2-3. Surgical intervention was avoided as the vascular surgery team deemed anticoagulation sufficient to address the extensive DVT. The patient was discharged on warfarin and remained asymptomatic at a four-week follow-up, with no recurrence of thrombotic events. Discussion: This case illustrates the challenges of managing VTE in patients with multiple overlapping risk factors, such as advanced age, chronic illness, recent infections, and hypercoagulable conditions like APS. It emphasizes the role of individualized, conservative management in extensive and potentially fatal DVTs. We showcase a successful non-surgical approach that highlights the efficacy of anticoagulation therapy and the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in achieving favourable outcomes in high-risk patients.
The Experience of Merit Wrapsody® Covered Stent for PoplitealArtery Aneurysms: A Case Report
We present a case report on the off-label use of the Merit Wrapsody® covered stent for popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) treatment. This device, typically indicated for use in hemodialysis access, was successfully employed to percutaneously exclude a symptomatic PAA. This case highlights the feasibility and potential advantages of this endoprosthesis in arterial settings beyond its original indication.
The Impact of Active Occurrence Variance Reporting on Patient Safety:Insights from Healthcare Quality Improvement Initiatives
Objective: This study evaluates the impact of Active Occurrence Variance Reporting (OVR) and Safety Huddles on key patient outcomes, including average length of stay (ALOS), mortality rates, and patient satisfaction, to assess their role in enhancing patient safety within healthcare settings. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort design was utilized to analyze data from January 2022 to December 2023. This study examined the relationship between OVR events and Safety Huddles within Imam Abdulrahman Al Faisal Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data on 10,736 OVR incidents, 2,437 Safety Huddles, and clinical outcomes from 13,092 patient discharges were retrospectively collected. Key outcome measures included ALOS, overall mortality rate, sepsis mortality rate, central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate, catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rate, and patient satisfaction scores obtained from third-party surveys. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to assess associations, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.0 Results: Significant associations were found between OVR and several patient outcomes. Active OVR correlated with shorter ALOS (r = -0.7293, p < 0.001),reduced mortality rate (r = -0.5684, p = 0.004), lower sepsis mortality rate (r = -0.7305, p = 0.001), and higher patient satisfaction (r = 0.6498, p < 0.001). Safety huddles showed a strong negative correlation with ALOS (r = -0.9249, p < 0.001) and mortality rate (r = -0.6962, p < 0.001), and a positive correlation with patient satisfaction (r = 0.8331, p < 0.001). No significant associations were identified between OVR or safety huddles and infection rates (CLABSI, CAUTI). Conclusions: Active OVR and safety huddles are linked to improved patient outcomes, specifically in reducing ALOS and mortality rates, while positively influencing patient satisfaction. These findings highlight the potential of integrating variance reporting and regular team-based safety interventions to foster a culture of safety and transparency in healthcare. However, further research may be needed to explore their effects on specific healthcare-associated infections and to address potential confounding factors within the clinical setting.
Occurrence Variance Reporting (OVR), Patient Safety, Safety Huddles, Patient Outcomes, Healthcare Quality Improvement
Successful Mitral Valve Repair after Carillon® Device
Background: The purpose of this study is to highlight the critical role of surgical repair of the mitral valve following the failure of an interventional repair attempt using a Carillon device. Case Presentation: A 72-year-old male patient was admitted with progressing heart failure due to severe mitral regurgitation. The patient had a history of severe mitral regurgitation treated with a CARILLON® Device. The patient underwent mitral valve repair with an annuloplasty ring and artificial chordae implantation. Intraoperative and postoperative course were uneventful. Echocardiographic control 6 months after surgery showed a competent valve. Conclusions: By presenting this case, the study seeks to underscore the importance of having surgical options available as a contingency plan and to guide clinicians in managing similar scenarios, ensuring optimal patient outcomes when interventional methods do not suffice.
Mitral valve insufficiency, Carillon® Device, Mitral valve repair, Annuloplasty, Minimally invasive surgery
Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes in Trauma Patients with Minimal Pneumothorax and Rib Fractures: A 48-Hour Observation Approach
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of trauma patients with minimal pneumothorax, with a specific focus on those with rib fractures. The primary objective is to assess whether a minimum 48-hour observation period is adequate to prevent complications such as recurrent pneumothorax or prolonged air leaks, and to examine the role of early intervention. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 185 trauma patients diagnosed with minimal pneumothorax over a five-year period. Among these,83 patients had rib fractures, while 102 did not. Clinical outcomes, including time to tube thoracostomy and the necessity of surgical intervention, were analyzed. Data were compared using chi-square tests, logistic regression models, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to determine time-to-intervention trends. Results: Of the 185 patients, 159 were male and 26 were female, ranging from 19 to 85 years old. Tube thoracostomy was required in 9 patients with rib fractures after an average of 19 hours, while 5 patients without rib fractures required tube thoracostomy after an average of 17 hours. Surgical intervention was necessary for 4 patients due to recurrent pneumothorax or prolonged air leaks, all of whom had rib fractures. Conclusions: Patients with rib fractures are at increased risk for complications and should be closely monitored for at least 48 hours to detect and manage complications early. Early intervention, particularly tube thoracostomy, may prevent more serious outcomes in patients with rib fractures.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Vascular Medicine & Surgeries
Early Predictive Biomarkers for Hypertension Using Human FetalAstrocytes
Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, causing premature deaths. Hence, there is an urgent need for predictive biomarkers to detect HTN before its onset. Methods • Cell Culture Technique: Growth of HFAs, followed by conversion of normal (A2) HFAs intoreactive (A1) type, by using ATP solution. • Confocal Microscopy: Quantification of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) in A1 and A2 HFAs, by using antibody ab 7260 with AF 488. Proteomics Methos • Extraction of proteins from A1 and A2 HFAs, using Single-pot, Solid-phase-enhanced Sample Preparation (SP3) protocol. • Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry techniques for obtaining the lev-els of calcium-gated proteins in A1 and A2 cell-solutions. Results • Micrographs obtained by Leica Microsystem indicated thicker filaments in A1 HFAs compared to A2 HFAs. • Confocal results showed higher levels of GFAP in A1 HFAs (P> 0.05). • Proteomics data analysed by PEAKS software revealed that proteins, such as GFAP were higher in reactive HFAs. Conclusions: The results showed higher levels of GFAP in A1 HFAs. Therefore, early detection of GFAP in human body fluids could be a reliable predictive biomarker for HTN.
Hypertension, Astrocytes, Biomarkers, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Proteomics, Confocal Microscopy
Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia, Which Way is the Best? Surgeryor Endovascular; a Short Commentary
Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), is the most severe manifestation of peripheral artery disease, is defined by ischemic foot pain at rest, ischemic ulcerations, or gangrene. More than 200 million people have peripheral artery disease worldwide; CLTI affects up to 11% of this population and if left untreated, it will cause permanent disability like amputation and even mortality. Aside from the severe health outcomes associated with CLTI, the economic effect of the condition is substantial, with an estimated annual cost of approximately $12 billion in the United States alone.
Unlocking the Influence of Age and Fracture Side on Recovery inUnstable Proximal Femoral Fractures: Insights from a Tertiary CareHospital in a Developing Country
Objective: The aim of our research is to identify the clinical and demographic characteristics that affect the functional results in patients with proximal femur fractures who are treated with dynamic condylar screws. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted from September 2019 to March 2022, enrolled 115 patients aged 20-60 years with unstable proximal femoral fractures managed with dynamic condylar screws. The data was collected 12 weeks following the surgery to assess the factors influencing the Harris Hip Score. The data on clinical, demographic, and surgical detail was collected and analyzed employing the SPSS version 22, using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Results: The study revealed significant functional improvement associated with the age group 41-60 years, additionally, patients with left-sided fracture showed statistically significant functional outcomes in comparison to patients with right-sided fractures. No significant association of HHS score was found in relation to clinical, surgical, socioeconomic or occupational factors on postoperative outcomes. The findings highlight a complex interplay of demographic factors following the fracture management for unstable PFF. Conclusion: The uni-variant results yield higher age and left-sided fracture associated with higher functional outcomes following an unstable proximal femur fracture managed with dynamic condylar screws. The statistical results showed no significant association of clinical factors influencing the functional status. The unique demographic finding needs further larger multi-variant research to establish the clinical and demographic factors influencing the functional outcomes following the dynamic condylar screw in patients with proximal femur fracture.
Modern Strategies of Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy: NovelApproaches to Diagnosing the Hemostatic System using Laboratoryand Instrumental Methods
Statement of the Problem: Impairment of the blood coagulation system remains a relevant issue in clinical practice. A striking example of this is the fact that despite the administration of anticoagulant therapy, up to 35% of COVID-19 patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit with thromboembolic complications. Prophylactic and therapeutic methods for the hemostatic system, recommended by various protocols, have a general nature. Moreover, they introduce dissonance into the clinical clarity of appropriate anticoagulant and antiplatelet use and fail to provide practitioners with the necessary fundamental knowledge to understand the aspects of clinical tactics for correcting the hemostatic system. Uncertainties remain regarding how to correctly choose a specific anticoagulant and determine its effective dose based on individual clinical and laboratory data, which laboratory markers of the coagulation system should be investigated, and whether they always reflect the true picture of hemostasis. Methodology and Theoretical Orientation: This article briefly presents the main aspects of the functioning of the blood coagulation system, points of application for pharmacological agents, and provides objective information for clinicians about the mechanisms of action of major anticoagulants and antiplatelets. Effective and practical methods for assessing the hemostatic system are recommended. Findings: The proper correction of the hemostatic system can only be carried out by a highly qualified specialist - a clinical transfusiologist, who possesses a comprehensive understanding of the functioning of the coagulation and anticoagulation systems, the platelet and fibrinolysis systems, knows the points of application and mechanisms of action of the pharmacological agents and blood components used, and considers internal and external factors that influence hemostasis. Conclusion and Significance: Empirical prescription of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies, based solely on instructions and clinical protocols without objective comprehensive analysis of the hemostatic components, is not only ineffective but alsolife-threatening for the patient. Coagulogram and D-dimer measurements cannot serve as the sole determining markers for monitoring the coagulation system. Evaluation of the blood coagulation system should only be carried out based on a comprehensive analysis of coagulogram data, complete blood count, thromboelastography (TEG), and data from all relevant systems.
Percutaneous Deep Venous Arterialization for the Treatment of Buerger’s Disease
Purpose: Percutaneous deep venous arterialization (DVA) using a stent-graft system is a novel endovascular approach in the treatment of patients with Buerger’s Disease. Case Report: A 30-year-old male patient diagnosed with Buerger’s Disease presented with a painful, non-healing medial left hallux wound with ulceration. Lower extremity angiogram revealed extensive occlusion of all three tibial vessels in a pattern consistent with Buerger’s disease. Initially, revascularization and angioplasty of the posterior tibial artery was performed to supply flow but was occluded after one week, despite the patient being treated with aspirin and low molecular weight heparin. Since there was no suitable surgical target for bypass, the decision was made with the patient to perform deep venous arterialization to intervene. Percutaneous DVA was implemented to restore blood flow and to allow wound healing. The patient subsequently had a planned distal left hallux amputation which was non-healing. The decision was then made to perform a transmetatarsal amputation which then demonstrated complete surgical wound healing. Conclusion: A successful posterior tibial DVA ultimately resulted in resolution and revascularization. Deep venous arterialization serves as an alternative option to prevent above ankle amputation, to heal wounds, and to improve quality of life in patients with Buerger’s Disease.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Vascular Medicine & Surgeries
Identification of Circuits in Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation inHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report
Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in structural heart disease is a useful strategy to reduce the discharges of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and improve patient survival. We present the case of a 30-year-old female, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, carrier of ICD as primary prevention, who presented to the emergency department with an electrical storm and multiple shocks (Figure 1), which is why she was taken to catheter ablation. In the procedure, two tachycardia circuits were identified, and radiofrequency was applied.
Familial Complete Atrioventricular Block (FCAVB) DDDR PacemakerImplant with Synchromax
We present the case of a family with complete atrioventricular block involving several generations, with autosomal dominant Mendelian inheritance, where one of those long-term affected presents heart failure. This entity corresponds to progressive familial heart block type I, mainly described in South Africa. Permanent Pacemaker implant using Synchromax was successful.
Atrioventricular Block, Pacemaker, Inheritance
Carlos Rodríguez Artuza Carlos Rodríguez Artuza