The Benefit of Melinjo Peel (Gnetum Gnemon) Ethanol Extract toPrevent Hepatocytes from Damage in Hyperuricemia Rat Model- Induced High Fructose

Abstract

Introduction: Hyperuricemia can induce a dysfunctional exchange of sodium and calcium in mitochondria which will lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS plays a role in aging, DNA damage, oxidation, production of inflammatory cytokines, and cell apoptosis. Uric acid metabolism is catalyzed by xanthine oxidase (XO) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2) which can form scar tissue in the liver. Alt1 and Hgf expression plays a role in reflecting hepatic cell from damage and repair.
Method: It was a true experimental study with post-test only control group design using stored biological material of 32 samples, divided into four groups, K0: the control group without treatment; P1: intervention group of 86% fructose and 0.5% CMC; P2: intervention group of 86% fructose and allopurinol; P3: intervention group of 86% fructose and ethanol extract of melinjo peel. Alt1 and Hgf expression determination using real-time PCR (rt-PCR) with Livask method 2–ΔCt.
Result: Alt1 expression in hyperuricemia model rats after 10 days of treatment with ethanol extract of melinjo peel was lower than the control group (p=0.001), CMC (p=0.001), and allopurinol (p=0.059). Hgf expression tends to have the same cycling threshold in all groups (p=0.065). There was no correlation between Alt1 expression and Hgf after 10 days of treatment (r=-0.08; p=0.661).
Conclusion: The ethanol extract of melinjo peel has the potential to be a hepato-protector in the hyperuricemia model rat by reducing Alt1 expression better than the other treatment groups.