Assessment of Dietary Supplements Intake and Iron Status of Adolescent Athletes in Ogun State

Abstract

This study explores the nutritional challenges faced by adolescent athletes, emphasizing increased nutrient requirements due to changes in body composition, heightened activity levels, and factors like the menstrual cycle. Dietary supplements, particularly Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) supplements, are utilized to address nutritional imbalances. Global concerns of iron deficiency and anemia affecting physical and cognitive functions are highlighted, with an emphasis on insufficient iron intake, chronic blood loss, and intense exercise as contributing factors. Mineral deficiencies, notably calcium and iron, can impact athletes’ health and performance, especially among women. Examining 270 respondents, categorized into older and younger adolescents, the study reveals a higher male representation among athletes. Seventy-six percent of athletes usedietary supplements, primarily for energy enhancement, with various forms such as energy drinks, herbal products, and multivitamins being consumed. Anemia is identified in 14.3% of respondents, predominantly females, while 85.7% exhibit sufficient iron levels. No severe cases of anemia, iron depletion, or deficiency were observed. Association analysis indicates a link between age and hemoglobin status, with gender differences influencing the likelihood of anemia. Serum hemoglobin and ferritin levels show no significant differences between supplement users and non-users. The findings underscore the necessity for regular nutritional assessments and medical checkups for athletes in Ogun state to proactively address potential health issues. Caution is advised against promoting the use of supplements like energy drinks and herbal products,  particularly among younger athletes, and discouraging frequent use among older athletes.