A Review on Hematological Abnormalities Related with COVID-19

Abstract

The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus began in Hubei province, Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus that spreads rapidly around the world. At the end of 2019, and has since spread worldwide, this virus has infected over 14 million people and killed over 600,000 people, making it a major public health problem. Coronavirus disease It is now understood to be a multisystem disease with a wide range of symptoms are caused by Covid-19. In severe COVID-19 cases, symptoms may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), metabolic acidosis, multi-organ failure, and shock. Patients’ conditions may deteriorate to the point of death because of these factors. Although pulmonary signs are the most common symptom, various hematological abnormalities have also been discovered. This study highlights the observed hematological abnormalities (platelet, white blood cell, and hemoglobin changes, as well as coagulation/fibrinolytic modifications), investigates their pathomechanisms, and addresses treatment options. Lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased D-dimer levels are all common hematological anomalies in COVID-19. These changes are more widespread and evident in patients with severe COVID-19 disease, suggesting that they could be used as a biomarker for those who require hospitalization and intensive care unit care. Coagulation anomalies should be closely monitored, and actions should be taken to prevent or lessen their negative consequences. COVID-19 effect in patients with hematological abnormalities, as well as known hematological drug toxicities of COVID-19 therapy, are also discussed.