Profile of Patients with Central Nervous System Tumors - Highand Low Grade Gliomas Seeing Clinical and HistopathologicalCharacteristics in Public Oncological Hospital in Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: The incidence of neoplasms affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS) has gradually increased worldwide. Malignant CNS neoplasia occupies the 11th position in terms of incidence in Brazil. Brain tumors and other primary CNS tumors are a heterogeneous group of malignant and non-malignant tumors, presenting different signs and symptoms, with variable prognoses. The incidence of brain tumor subtypes varies according to age, with children and adults developing different pathologies. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile of adult patients with low- and high-grade gliomas in a single public health center in Brazil.

Methods: This retrospective, descriptive, analytical, unicentric, quantitative cohort observational study (n = 110). The medical records of patients diagnosed with high- and low-grade gliomas from January/2017 to June/2023 were evaluated.

Results: Multiform glioblastoma (GBM) was predominant (60%), followed by non-GBM high-grade gliomas (20,9%), and low-grade gliomas (19,1%). The predominant sex was male (66.4%). The age group with the highest incidence was 40-64 years (57,3%). Most patients with gliomas did not have relevant comorbidities (46,4%). Most patients were ECOG 1 (Performance Status Scale - 39,1%).

Conclusion: In Brazil, epidemiological data related to malignant primary intracranial tumors are still scarce; therefore, publishing epidemiological data for this challenging pathology can improve the understanding of the disease and treatment of patients.