Rapid-Onset Obesity, Hypothalamic Dysfunction, Hypoventilation, and Autonomic Dysfunction (ROHHAD)

Abstract

Rapid-onset obesity, hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysfunction (ROHHAD) is a rare syndrome that was initially described more than 50 years ago. However, the term ROHHAD and its criteria for diagnosis were not distinguished as a separate entity except in 2007 [1,2]. To date, literature from Saudi Arabia shows two reported cases. Moreover, fewer than 100 cases were described in the literature worldwide [3-5]. Despite that there is no diagnostic test that can detect ROHHAD; Keeping it in mind while excluding other etiologies is important; since the prognosis of ROHHAD mainly depends on how early the case is diagnosed and managed in the aims to decrease severe complications and mortality. Symptoms of the disease, particularly rapid weight gain, can present as early as one year and a half of age, followed by gradually developing symptoms of hypothalamic dysfunction, autonomic dysregulation, and hypoventilation, leading the parents to seek medical attention.