Diabetes Mellitus as a Disease and its Current Scenario - A Review

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic heterogeneous common metabolic disorder and a group of insulin resistance syndrome characterized by elevated blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia with complex pathogenesis. Diabetes mellitus results from abnormalities in either insulin secretion or insulin action or both. In current scenario Diabetes Mellitus is detected all over the world and a leading cause of death worldwide. This review includes different sections including classification, Clinical manifestation and complications, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and its relation with COVID-19. The common signs & symptoms observed in Diabetes Mellitus are Fatigue Polyphagia, Polydipsia, polyuria, vomiting, and dehydration. This disorder is mainly caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells and because of that it becomes autoimmune disorders. Some genetic factors, prior family history, environmental factors, autoimmune destruction and high insulin resistance increase the risk of the development of diabetes mellitus. In COVID-19-infected patients the Diabetes mellitus increases the significant complications and mortality rate.