Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Bacterial Species Isolated from Blood, Respiratory and Pus Samples

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will result in the deaths of 10 million people per year by 2050 unless action is taken to prevent this emerging crisis. To develop effective therapeutic strategies to fight infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria, it is critical to monitor the trend in the evolving resistance pattern over time.

Objective: The present study deals with the assessment of microbial profiles of blood, respiratory as well as pus samples and their antimicrobial sensitivity against commonly used antimicrobial drugs in a tertiary healthcare setting.

Materials and Methods: Between January and June 2023, blood, respiratory, and pus samples were obtained from both the outpatient and inpatient departments and transferred to the microbiological laboratory for further investigation. All samples were tested in appropriate culture conditions, and pure bacterial isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial sensitivity to a variety of antimicrobial medicines.

Results: A total of 84% of samples were collected from the IPD while the rest were collected from the OPD of different departments. In respiratory and blood samples, Klebsiella and Salmonella Spp., respectively, were recorded as the dominant microbial isolates. The antimicrobial sensitivity pattern analysis of respiratory samples revealed that Klebsilla spp. and pseudomonas have maximum sensitivity against imipenem, while Candida spp. showed higher sensitivity against fluconazole and Gram-positive cocci showed good sensitivity against linezolid. Moreover, in blood samples, Salmonella Spp. was found sensitive to all tested drugs, on the other hand, Pseudomonas spp. showed good sensitivity against piperacillin/tazobactam while E. coli had maximum sensitivity to ertapenem. In the case of Gram-Positive Cocci, vancomycin was found as the most sensitive drug. In pus sample analysis, E. coli was found the dominant bacterial isolate followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp., methicillin resistant staph aureus(MRSA). in both IPD samples while in the case of OPD isolates, Pseudomonas spp. was dominated. In the case of E. coli, imipenem has higher sensitivity in both IPD and OPD isolates. Pseudomonas spp. were found to have good sensitivity for ceftazidime. Gram-Positive Cocci, was only recorded from IPD samples with maximum sensitivity against vancomycin.

Conclusion: The increasing trend of resistance has serious consequences for humans, hence, to detect changes in sensitivity patterns, regular surveillance of IPD, OPD (if possible) and ICU should be conducted by infection control doctors and nurses working in close collaboration at regular intervals.