Leptin: Mechanisms Involved In Signaling and Resistance

Abstract

Leptin is secreted mainly by white adipocyte tissue, and it circulates at levels positively correlated with fat mass, thus reflecting primarily the amount of energy stored in adipose tissue. Leptin levels also change with acute changes in energy intake and thus, secondarily reflect acute energy availability. Several potential mechanisms behind leptin resistance have been identified including: Inflammatory signaling, elevated free fatty acids, high leptin and genetic mutation in OB and DBU genes. This review summaries all the physiological, biological aspects of leptin hormone including increases energy expenditure, thermogenesis, heart rate, blood pressure but decreases glycaemia. This review summarizes the pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment of leptin hormone imbalances.