The Effect of Smoking and Vaping on Oral Health a Meta-Analysis

Authors

  • Adel Bouguezzi University Dental Clinic, Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Oral Health and Orofacial Rehabilitation Laboratory Research (LR12ES11), University of Monastir, Tunisia Author
  • Abdellatif Chokri University Dental Clinic, Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Oral Health and Orofacial Rehabilitation Laboratory Research (LR12ES11), University of Monastir, Tunisia Author
  • Jamil Selmi University Dental Clinic, Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Oral Health and Orofacial Rehabilitation Laboratory Research (LR12ES11), University of Monastir, Tunisia Author
  • Hajer Hentati University Dental Clinic, Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Oral Health and Orofacial Rehabilitation Laboratory Research (LR12ES11), University of Monastir, Tunisia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47363/JPRSR/2025(6)173

Keywords:

Smoking, Vaping, Oral Health, Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Objective: This meta-analysis investigates the effects of smoking and vaping on oral health, focusing on periodontal disease, tooth loss, oral cancer, and other oral conditions. The aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact these habits have on oral health outcomes.

Methods: We systematically reviewed studies published up to 2025 and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies that assessed smoking and vaping’s effects on oral health. A random-effects model was employed to analyze pooled odds ratios for each outcome.

Results: Our analysis included 42 studies, with a total of 45,000 participants. Smoking was strongly associated with periodontal disease (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5), tooth loss (OR = 3.0), and oral cancer (OR = 3.8). Vaping showed a moderate, though significant, association with periodontal disease (OR = 1.7) and gum recession (OR = 1.5), with evidence still emerging on its long-term effects.

Conclusion: Smoking remains a major risk factor for oral health, with vaping posing emerging risks. Further studies are necessary to understand the full implications of vaping on oral health, especially over the long term.

 

Author Biographies

  • Adel Bouguezzi, University Dental Clinic, Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Oral Health and Orofacial Rehabilitation Laboratory Research (LR12ES11), University of Monastir, Tunisia

    Adel Bouguezzi, University Dental Clinic, Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Oral Health and Orofacial Rehabilitation Laboratory Research (LR12ES11), University of Monastir, Tunisia.

  • Abdellatif Chokri, University Dental Clinic, Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Oral Health and Orofacial Rehabilitation Laboratory Research (LR12ES11), University of Monastir, Tunisia

    Adel Bouguezzi, University Dental Clinic, Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Oral Health and Orofacial Rehabilitation Laboratory Research (LR12ES11), University of Monastir, Tunisia.

  • Jamil Selmi, University Dental Clinic, Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Oral Health and Orofacial Rehabilitation Laboratory Research (LR12ES11), University of Monastir, Tunisia

    Adel Bouguezzi, University Dental Clinic, Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Oral Health and Orofacial Rehabilitation Laboratory Research (LR12ES11), University of Monastir, Tunisia.

  • Hajer Hentati, University Dental Clinic, Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Oral Health and Orofacial Rehabilitation Laboratory Research (LR12ES11), University of Monastir, Tunisia

    Adel Bouguezzi, University Dental Clinic, Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Oral Health and Orofacial Rehabilitation Laboratory Research (LR12ES11), University of Monastir, Tunisia.

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Published

2025-04-24

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Volume 6 Issue 2

Section

Articles