Isotopic Creation of New Materials

Abstract

Most of the physical properties of substances depend to a greater or lesser on isotopic composition. 95% or more of substances are mixture of different isotopes. We analyze and overview the main characteristics of the new isotope - based materials. Mainly the results of isotope - substituted substances based on lithium hydride and carbon are used. LiH has the largest isotopic shift. Carbon, being the second element after silicon on Earth, has unusually wide range of allotropic compounds with completely different physical properties that a highly dependent on isotopic composition. The use of our object allows the investigation of not only the isotope effects in lattice dynamics (vibrational, elastic and thermal properties), but also the influence of such effects on the electronic excitations (for example, the renormalization of the band - to - band transition energy Eg). We emphasize that the study of the isotope effect remains at the forefront not only in materials science, but also nuclear and high energy physics. The latter one is associated with the non - accelerating manifestation of strong nuclear interaction as well as the origin of mass in Nature.